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What might an interactive music therapy service bring to the adult intensive care unit? A suggested service based on data from a scoping review
No full textIndividual music listening in intensive care units (ICU) has more frequently reported benefits for reducing anxiety and pain. There may be benefits in reducing heart rate and respiratory rate. There is a lack of research in the ICU setting that examines the effects of active music-based interventions, for example, where patients play instruments as part of structured exercises for cognitive or physical rehabilitation or improvise music with a Health and Care Professions Council (HCPC) registered Music Therapist in ways that may benefit emotional well-being in addition to physical and cognitive function, including management of deconditioning. The search string of the present scoping review was used on 25 January 2022 and then again for PubMed on 24 June 2023 and brought up any research using music or music therapy in the intensive care setting. Out of 139 titles, 45 full texts were included, with a total of 3,441 participants. Forty-three studies meeting the inclusion criteria used pre-recorded music, ranging from cassette to CDs, audio files, and MP3, most often delivered using headphones, some with audio pillows. All interventions were passive (listening) except for one, which delivered music played live. More research is needed into the workings of active and receptive music therapy in the adult ICU.</p
Age Discrimination in the Workplace
No full textAgeism is stereotyping or discriminating against people because of their age. This chapter explores current discussions on inequalities based on age in the workplace. Although inequality can affect people of all ages, it can significantly impact young and older people in relation to their conditions of work, including job security, pensions, pay, or career opportunities. Ageism can also have a detrimental effect on people’s lives, their health, and well-being, as well as on society as a whole. While the Equalities Act of 2010 offers age discrimination protection, research shows, nonetheless, that there are still people being treated differently at work because of their age. The chapter examines the different definitions of ageism through a multidisciplinary lens and provides an insight into both scholarly and policy-making approaches. It also focuses on how ageism manifests itself in the work environment and the way it affects the prospects of employees. It adopts an intersectional approach to investigate the degree to which age interacts with other characteristics, such as gender or race and ethnicity, resulting in greater injustices. The final section of the chapter discusses the effects ageism has on organisations and on society, while assessing good employment practices and providing a more practical guide that promotes work equality. The conclusion considers age discrimination within the wider and recent discussions of ‘future of work’ trends.</p
Ever tried. Ever failed. No matter. Try again. Fail again. Fail better (Beckett, 1983): GCSE English students’ relationship with failure
No full textThe pressure to ‘fail better’ weighs heavy in GCSE English resit classrooms, echoing Samuel Beckett’s famous words from Worstward Ho. However, this oft-repeated mantra, stripped of its original context, masks a morbid genuineness of failure and nothing more. This misinterpretation creates undue pressure on students, particularly in high-stakes environments such as GCSEs. Instead of relying on this simplified version, we need a more nuanced understanding of failure in education. In this blog post I reflect on the negative impact of GCSE English resits and consider the role that Dweck’s growth mindset (1999) has on student motivation, recognising that our response to failure or perceived failure is a choice...</p
Byromania: Polidori, fandom and the Romantic vampire’s celebrity origins
No full textJohn Polidori's novella The Vampyre (1819) is perhaps 'the most influential horror story of all time' (Frayling). Polidori's story transformed the shambling, mindless monster of folklore into a sophisticated, seductive aristocrat that stalked London society rather than being confined to the hinterlands of Eastern Europe. Polidori's Lord Ruthven was thus the ancestor of the vampire as we know it. This collection explores the genesis of Polidori's vampire. It then tracks his bloodsucking progeny across the centuries and maps his disquieting legacy. Texts discussed range from the Romantic period, including the fascinating and little-known The Black Vampyre (1819), through the melodramatic vampire theatricals in the 1820s, to contemporary vampire film, paranormal romance, and science fiction. The essays emphasise the background of colonial revolution and racial oppression in the early nineteenth century and the cultural shifts of postmodernity.</p
Consuming Knowledge
No full textConsuming the Environment explores the environmental impacts of consuming everyday products and explains how we can consume more sustainably.</p
RadioMe: Adaptive Radio with Music Intervention and Reminder System for People with Dementia in Their Own Home
No full textThe population of the world is continuously growing older, leading to more people with dementia who need support while living in their own home. Our RadioMe system was designed to adapt a live radio stream with reminders and music intervention for agitation mitigation for people with dementia living in their own home. In this demonstration we present our prototype, with features to record reminders and schedule them to be played during the live radio stream and a music intervention system when agitation is detected. </p
Unsung Heroes
No full textThis reference work is an important resource in the growing field of heroism studies. It presents concepts, research, and events key to understanding heroism, heroic leadership, heroism development, heroism science, and their relevant applications to businesses, organizations, clinical psychology, human wellness, human growth potential, public health, social justice, social activism, and the humanities. The encyclopedia emphasizes five key realms of theory and application: Business and organization, focusing on management effectiveness, emotional intelligence, empowerment, ethics, transformational leadership, product branding, motivation, employee wellness, entrepreneurship, and whistleblowers; clinical-health psychology and public health, focusing on stress and trauma, maltreatment, emotional distress, bullying, psychopathy, depression, anxiety, family disfunction, chronic illness, and healthcare workers’ wellbeing; human growth and positive psychology, discussing altruism, authenticity, character strengths, compassion, elevation, emotional agility, eudaimonia, morality, empathy, flourishing, flow, self-efficacy, joy, kindness, prospection, moral development, courage, and resilience; social justice and activism, highlighting anti-racism, anti-bullying, civil disobedience, civil rights heroes, climate change, environmental heroes, enslavement heroes, human rights heroism, humanitarian heroes, inclusivity, LGBTQ+ heroism, #metoo movement heroism, racism, sustainability, and women’s suffrage heroes; and humanities, relating to the mythic hero’s journey, bliss, boon, crossing the threshold, epic heroes, fairy tales, fiction, language and rhetoric, narratives, mythology, hero monomyth, humanities and heroism, religious heroes, and tragic heroes. </p
Global trends of secondhand smoke exposure among young adolescents from 27 countries, 2003-2021: findings from the World Health Organization database
No full textThe issue of adolescent secondhand smoke (SHS) is globally significant, given that it serves as a preventable risk factor for disease prevalence and mortality rates among youth. This study evaluates trends in adolescent SHS across 27 countries from 2003 to 2021, aiming to identify global variations and sex-specific differences, providing insights for future policy recommendations. The data for this study were collected from the Global School-based Student Health Survey conducted by the World Health Organization, 2003–2021. The term SHS in this context denoted how many days people smoked in their presence for at least one day within the past 7 days. Linear regression models were employed to examine the trends of SHS exposure by country. In the present analysis based on 175,370 adolescents (male, 46.69%) aged between 13 and 15 years from 27 countries across the five continents, SHS decreased in 14 countries but exhibited an increasing trend in 3 countries (Benin [β, 3.20; 95% CI, 2.50–3.91]; Maldives [β, 0.93; 0.21–1.65]; Myanmar [β, 0.62; 0.29–0.95]). Significant increasing trends in females were observed in the Maldives (β, 1.18; 0.25–2.11) and Thailand (β, 0.36; 0.04–0.69) while males showed increasing trends in Kuwait (β, 1.90; 0.79-3.00) and Vanuatu (β, 1.95; 0.35–3.54). Our analysis of adolescents from 27 countries indicates that the majority of nations exhibited decreasing trends in SHS. This suggests that global efforts to prevent SHS are achievable through individual initiatives and international monitoring. However, the presence of increasing trends in certain countries underscores the need for stronger regulations and policies to address this issue.</p
Personality and positive body image: associations between the Big Five facets and body appreciation in Malaysian adults
No full textAlthough previous studies have suggested reliable associations between personality traits and body image outcomes, the bulk of this research has been conducted in Western nations. As cultural factors may affect relationships between personality and outcome variables, the present study examined associations between the Big Five personality traits and body appreciation (i.e., a facet of positive body image) in a sample of Malaysian adults. A total of 782 adults (465 women and 317 men) completed an online survey consisting of measures of body appreciation, the Big Five personality traits, and demographic items. Linear model analysis indicated that body appreciation was significantly and negatively associated with Neuroticism while positively associated with Conscientiousness and Agreeableness respectively. Associations between body appreciation and Openness and Extraversion were not significant, nor was the moderating effect of gender. The findings replicate the previously reported negative association between Neuroticism and body appreciation and also suggest that associations with the other Big Five facets may be shaped by cultural contexts.</p
Basin inversion controls on diagenetic evolution of Lower Cretaceous non-marine succession: the English Wealden sandstones
No full textModelling the diagenetic history of a tectonically active basin is crucial for understanding the depositional and post-depositional processes including the evolution and development of porosity and permeability. This study describes the diagenetic imprints of the inverted Lower Cretaceous Weald Basin and examines the depositional and tectonic controls on the diagenetic, porosity and permeability evolution of its sandstones. Seventy-two representative sandstone samples from the Weald Basin were subjected to detailed microscopic (optical and scanning electron) analyses. The dominant early diagenetic fabrics include grain-coating detrital clays, degraded and dissolved detrital grains, and vermiform kaolinite pore-filling cement while uplift-related or telogenetic characteristics are mainly post-compactional pore-filling goethite and hematite cement. This work is significant because it presents the first diagenetic model of the Lower Cretaceous Wealden sandstones which can be very useful for understanding basins with similar depositional and tectonic settings.</p
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