11237 research outputs found
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Understanding Cuckooing: A Qualitative Study of Practitioner Perspectives
No full textThis report presents a qualitative exploration of cuckooing, a form of criminal exploitation where vulnerable individuals' homes are taken over by drug dealers. Using interviews with practitioners from multiple sectors, the research highlights the complexities in identifying victims, the challenges faced by frontline workers, and the gaps in multi-agency responses. The findings inform recommendations for improving victim support, safeguarding, and law enforcement strategies, ensuring a coordinated approach to tackle cuckooing.</p
National trends in adolescents' mental health by income level in South Korea, pre– and post–COVID–19, 2006–2022
No full textObjective:
Despite the significant impact of the COVID–19 pandemic on various factors related to adolescent mental health problems such as stress, sadness, suicidal ideation, and suicide attempts, research on this topic has been insufficient to date.
Subject and Methods:
This study is based on the Korean Youth Risk Behavior Web–based Survey (KYRBS) from 2006 to 2022. We analyzed the mental health problems of adolescents based on questionnaires with medical interviews, within five income groups and compared them with several risk factors.
Results:
A total of 1,138,804 participants were included in this study, with a mean age (SD) of 15.01 (0.75) years. Of these, 587,256 were male (51.57%). In 2022, the recent period from the study, the weighted prevalence of stress in highest income group was 40.07% (95% CI, 38.67–41.48), sadness was 28.15% (26.82–29.48), suicidal ideation was 13.92% (12.87–14.97), and suicidal attempts was 3.42% (2.90–3.93) while the weighted prevalence of stress in lowest income group was 62.77% (59.42–66.13), sadness was 46.83% (43.32–50.34),
suicidal ideation was 31.70% (28.44–34.96), and suicidal attempts was 10.45% (8.46–12.45). Lower income groups showed a higher proportion with several risk factors. Overall proportion had decreased until the onset of the pandemic. However, a significant increase has been found during the COVID–19 pandemic.
Conclusion:
Our study showed an association between household income level and the prevalence of mental illness in adolescents. Furthermore, the COVID–19 pandemic has exacerbated mental illness among adolescents from low household income levels, underscoring the necessity for heightened public attention and measures targeted at this demographic.</p
Machine learning-based prediction for incident hypertension based on regular health checkup data: derivation and validation in two independent nationwide cohorts in South Korea and Japan
No full textNo description supplied</p
Sexual harassment and sexual violence in the military
No full textModern, well-functioning, agile and responsive militaries rely on personnel with an eclectic range of skills and attributes. This, by definition, requires a diverse workforce. Militaries are historically predominantly male, but across NATO, Allied forces are looking to recruit and retain more women in their ranks. Women still only occupy an average of 9 to 16% of roles across NATO Allies, and shocking reporting in mainstream media of military rape cultures and rife sexual violence may detrimentally impact the future recruitment and retention of women in militaries. Whilst these behaviours are unfortunately not new, the social movement helped to raise the issue across media and other sectors. Other institutions have also been exposed as complicit in covering up, and in some cases, engaging in sexually abusive behaviours. For example, the Catholic Church, the Boy Scouts of America (international) and the BBC have all been involved in sexual violence scandals. And the military has not been immune.</p
Autism, Anxiety-Based-School-Absence and the Montessori Environment as an Actualised Model of Inclusive Practice
No full textThis study explored aspects of learning environments that lead to ABSA for academically capable autistic school-aged children with an internalising presentation, and the type of learning environment that would enable them to thrive. As a qualitative explorative study of parental perspectives, this study utilised both an online questionnaire and a reflective self-narrative account. Overall, findings revealed that mainstream school distress is prevalent for this group of autistic learners and is often unrecognized and unsupported resulting in significant impacts on mental health and subsequent school attendance difficulties. It also highlights a provision gap. Four themes captured aspects of mainstream environments that contribute to school anxiety: Fear, Lack of Autonomy, Lack of Connection and Trust, Pressure and Overwhelm. Alignments between Montessori learning environments and ‘what works’ for autistic students were made. Taken together with existing literature, this study highlights an urgent need for action to protect the psychological wellbeing and academic potential of this group of learners. The Montessori environment presents a model for serious consideration in relation to educational equity for autistic children and young people.</p
Exploring sex differences in cardiac interoceptive accuracy using the phase adjustment task
No full textPrevious evidence suggests males and females differ with respect to interoception—the processing of internal bodily signals—with males typically outperforming females on tasks of interoceptive accuracy. However, interpretation of existing evidence in the cardiac domain is hindered by the limitations of existing tools. In this investigation, we pooled data from several samples to examine sex differences in cardiac interoceptive accuracy on the phase adjustment task, a new measure that overcomes several limitations of the existing tools. In a sample of 266 individuals, we observed that females outperformed males, indicative of better cardiac interoceptive accuracy, but had lower confidence than males. These results held after controlling for sex differences in demographic, physiological and engagement factors. Importantly, these results were specific to the measure of cardiac interoceptive accuracy. No sex differences were observed for individuals who completed the structurally identical screener task, although a similar pattern of results was observed in relation to confidence. These surprising data suggest the presence of a female advantage for cardiac interoceptive accuracy and potential differences in interoceptive awareness (metacognition). Possible reasons for mixed results in the literature, as well as implications for theory and future research, are discussed. </p
Global burden of vaccine-associated angioedema and their related vaccines, 1967–2023: findings from the global pharmacovigilance database
No full textAngioedema, a rare but potentially fatal reaction to vaccines, poses a significant global health burden. Research on angioedema is limited, as prior studies on vaccine adverse reactions primarily focused on anaphylaxis and urticaria.1, 2 Furthermore, while several vaccine excipients have been suggested as potential allergens for angioedema,3, 4 it remains unclear whether these or other suspected allergens are the primary cause of angioedema following vaccination or whether angioedema occurs through another or nonallergic mechanism.5 Thus, we investigated vaccine-associated angioedema to identify the relationship between vaccines and angioedema...</p
Discrimination and health outcomes in England’s black communities amid the cost-of-living crisis: evaluating the role of inflation and Bank Rates
No full textThis study utilised longitudinal data from Black History Month events in London
from 2021 to 2023. Novel findings revealed that increased inflation and Bank
Rates, related to the cost-of-living crisis, were associated with greater
discrimination and deteriorations in both general and mental health for Black
individuals. Moreover, it was found that during the cost-of-living crisis period,
i.e. 2022–2023, discrimination was more adversely related to general and
mental health deterioration compared to the period before the cost-of-living
crisis, i.e. 2021. In addition, women, non-native individuals, non-heterosexual
individuals, the unemployed, economically inactive individuals, those with
lower educational attainment, and older individuals experienced higher levels
of discrimination and reduced general and mental health compared to
reference groups. The findings of the study contribute to the literature by
demonstrating the intertwined associations of macroeconomic deteriorations
and discrimination with the health of the Black community, and its subgroup
differences, providing a basis for targeted policies.</p
Workplace inclusion policies and practices for ethnic minorities: a comparative analysis of the United Kingdom and Thailand
No full textThe UK and Thailand both have significant minority ethnic migrant populations in the labour force. The effectiveness of workplace inclusion policies and practices at reducing discrimination and inequalities in both countries has been assessed and a comparative analysis performed. Minority ethnic migrants, an employer, and Human Resources (HR) experts (n=13) were first interviewed in each country to collect qualitative insights into the experiences of migrants. A questionnaire was then completed by both British and Thai natives (n=50) to collect quantitative data on their perspectives of their countries’ policies towards migrants. Quantitative results were analysed to determine if previously identified factors cause workplace discrimination and inequalities. To help explain human perspectives, outcomes were evaluated using Best Practice, Best Fit, Microaggressions, Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs and Social Norms theoretical and analytical frameworks.Analysis revealed that inefficient immigration systems in both countries were the primary barriers to successful migration and, alongside poor Quality of Work Life (QWL), had long-lasting negative effects on the careers of migrants. These two areas have been neglected in past HR studies. Using the findings, updated inclusion policies and practices were proposed to improve the QWL for migrants. Increased inclusivity in the workplace can ensure fairness for both natives and migrants, allowing the talents of employees to be realised and ultimately giving businesses competitive advantage. This is important for both organisations and individuals.The increasing diversity of people in workplaces demonstrates the relevance of this research. This work combined an exploratory mixed method, an inductive approach, and a dialectical materialism viewpoint and is believed to be the first such example in a HR study. Furthermore, to the best of our knowledge, a comparison of inclusion policies and practices in UK and Thai workplaces has not been previously performed.</p
Approaches to concept clarification: issues for consideration
No full textDefining concepts is universally recognised as good practice, whether this be in our academic, professional or personal lives. The need to understand exactly what someone is referring to is an essential part of communication. In healthcare, words and terms can have multiple meanings and assumed understandings. When doing research, it is particularly important to define concepts, in order to ensure understanding of the precise context in which they are used. With this clarity and shared understanding, researchers are able to effectively conduct the research, and subsequently, readers can appropriately interpret and make meaning of the research. Concept analysis is a popular method for achieving clarity in the definition of concepts. The Journal of Advanced Nursing frequently publishes concept analyses, many of which become quite highly cited. In this editorial, we want to consider the different options that exist for defining a concept.</p
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