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A constructivist grounded theory exploring why UK paramedics are leaving ambulance services to work clinically elsewhere in the NHS
No full textBackground and AimsParamedic retention is a challenge for UK ambulance services, placing increasing strain on delivering safe levels of care. Increasingly leavers are taking up relatively new clinical roles in General Practice and hospitals. Research into UK paramedic turnover is limited. This PhD aimed to identify the relative importance of employee turnover factors to this paramedic population and perceptions of their employment move and subsequent professional identity.MethodsA constructivist grounded theory methodology was adopted, using semi-structured qualitative interviews. Paramedics who had left NHS ambulance services to work clinically in other areas of the NHS were recruited using snowball sampling followed by theoretical sampling. Nineteen paramedics were interviewed prior to theoretical saturation. Data analysis comprised initial, focused, and advanced coding leading to development of a framework explaining Ambulance Paramedic Turnover into the Wider NHS.ResultsTurnover is influenced by negative perceptions of ambulance service culture, in particular that the ambulance service does not value paramedics as individuals or care about their wellbeing. This exacerbates other leaving factors including poor mental health from the emotional impact of ambulance case work, coupled with a lack of informal and formal support mechanisms. Additionally, work-life conflict due to shift work and unpredictable late finishes leads to turnover. Some paramedics find that ambulance work lacks challenge. They seek clinical development and clinical career progression but are often unable to access these within ambulance services. This leads them to seek more challenging clinical work elsewhere in the NHS. Paramedics mostly retain a strong sense of paramedic identity and view their employment move as a change of job forming part of their paramedic career progression.ConclusionsThe combination of factors influencing UK paramedic turnover are unique to their context. The framework of Ambulance Paramedic Turnover into the Wider NHS explains paramedic turnover using their employment journey as its basis. Recommendations have been developed based on the findings across the identified turnover areas of ambulance culture, mental health, work-life conflict and lack of work challenge.</p
Pathways For A Just Transition In Valparaiso’s Built Environment
No full textThis report is one of eight city research summaries as part of the global IHRB project “Building for Today and the Future: Advancing a Just Transition in the Built Environment"</p
South-East Asian nurses’ experiences under the Economic Partnership Agreement (EPA) in Japan: How language ability affects self-confidence and interpersonal relationships
No full textIntroduction:
Since 2009, nurses have relocated to Japan from Indonesia, the Philippines, and Vietnam under the auspices of the Economic Partnership Agreement (EPA). We asked why some migrant nurses remain in Japan whereas others leave.
Method:
We applied the methodology of Constructivist Grounded Theory. All participants were internationally educated nurses (IENs) currently or formerly working in Japan after passing the National Nursing Examination.
Results:
Difficulty in mastering the Japanese language was established as one of the main themes. Initial coding elicited two explanatory sub-categories: lack of confidence in communication and effects of language difficulty on workplace relationships. One explains how practical experience in the workplace affected nurses’ confidence in communication. The other explains how levels of Japanese language attainment shaped relationships with colleagues.
Discussion:
These findings suggest a need to regulate the working conditions of foreign nurses, and a need for training schemes to optimize IEN retention.</p
The emotional experiences associated with Fantasy Football
No full textThe growth of fantasy football has been rapid over the last decade, yet surprisingly, very little is understood about the emotional experiences associated with playing the game. The present study utilized the Multidimensional Emotion Questionnaire to measure the emotions of 1,932 fantasy football players categorized as having either low, low-to-moderate, moderate-to-high, or high engagement with the game. Kruskal-Wallis tests followed by Dunn’s post-hoc tests found a very consistent pattern of emotional response characteristics (frequency, intensity, duration, and regulation) increasing in line with level of engagement (i.e., from fewest in low engagement players to most in high engagement players). Across the sample as a whole, paired-samples t-tests found positive emotions to be greater than negative emotions for frequency, intensity, and duration, but not regulation. These results can be used by stakeholders to optimize the playing experience and tailor the marketing of fantasy sports games.</p
“Fight or flight”—A study of frontline emergency response workforce's perceived knowledge, and motivation to work during hazards
No full textThis study aims to identify different frontline emergency response workforce's perceived knowledge of hazards and their willingness and motivations to go to work during them. An online version of the “Fight or Flight” survey was distributed and collected from Norwegian emergency personnel during the spring of 2023. Findings reveal a gap between the participants' knowledge levels and their overall willingness to go to work. Furthermore, the study identified family safety as the main motivational factor. The study shows the need for educational initiatives, and for managers to incorporate the knowledge of employee motivational factors into their hiring processes, frameworks, and management systems to ensure the best possible working conditions for their employees and their families.</p
Group conflict in Nigeria: a qualitative exploration of survivors’ experiences
No full textBackground: This qualitative study explored the experiences of survivors of group conflicts in Nigeria. The persistent conflicts in Nigeria not only create a sense of social distance but also hamper political and socioeconomic development of the country. This current study, therefore, serves as a guide to politicians and policy makers on how to effectively manage ethno-religious conflicts and practise peace building more safely. Method: Data were gathered by means of semi-structured interviews conducted on fifteen individuals and analysed using thematic analysis. Participants were the survivors of numerous conflicts perpetrated by the Boko Haram Islamists and the Niger Delta Avengers in the northern and southern parts of Nigeria respectively. Findings and Conclusion: Two major themes emerged from the interviews, which capture the experiences of the participants who were the survivors of the numerous conflicts. Among these themes were also their suggestions on how to stop the conflicts and prevent any future conflicts. These themes include triggers of the conflict and coping with conflicts. Under these main themes were also subthemes where the numerous experiences were presented descriptively. These findings were placed alongside previous studies in this area and discussed with the existing theories in this field. Recommendations were made on how to prevent any future conflicts in Nigeria.</p
The Charles and Mary Lamb Journal No 2 (CLB, 180) ISSN 3049-9038 (Print); ISSN 3049-9046 (Online)
No full textThis is the second number of The Charles and Mary Lamb Journal. It continues the Charles Lamb Bulletin and the C.L.S. journals which have been published by the Charles Lamb Society since 1935.</p
Sex Differences in the Ergogenic Response of Acute Caffeine Intake on Muscular Strength, Power and Endurance Performance in Resistance-Trained Individuals: A Randomized Controlled Trial
No full textBackground: This study assessed the impact of acute caffeine intake on muscular strength, power, and endurance performance between resistance-trained male and female individuals according to load in upper- and lower-body exercises. Methods: Here, 76 resistance-trained individuals (38 females, 38 males) participated in a study comparing caffeine and a placebo. Each received either 3 mg/kg of caffeine or a placebo 60 min before tests measuring muscular strength and power through bench press and back squat exercises at different intensities (25%, 50%, 75%, 90% 1RM). Muscular endurance at 65% 1RM was also assessed by performing reps until reaching task failure. Results: Compared to placebo, caffeine increased mean, peak and time to reach peak velocity and power output (p </p
Music therapy in a community outpatient service: a pilot study exploring craving and psychological dimensions of Substance Use Disorder by assessing neural biomarkers, psychometric tests, and semi-structured interviews
No full textBackground: Music therapy (MT) has been shown to be effective for multiple clinical endpoints in clients with Substance Use Disorder (SUD) such as craving, depressive and anxiety symptoms. Despite the advancements in the state-of-the-art of MT research for SUD, there remains a gap regarding the impact of MT interventions in community services. Additionally, there is a lack of studies that explore neurophysiological measures and more conventional subjective assessments such as psychometric tests and interviews.Methodology: Sixteen participants with SUD were recruited from a community service based in London to be part of a mixed-methods randomized-controlled feasibility clinical trial. This thesis represents a pilot study covering part of the scope of the parent clinical trial. Ten participants received six weekly MT sessions in addition to the standard treatment (ST) offered by the community outpatient service – four of them participated in a group MT intervention while six of them in an individual MT intervention – and six participants received ST only. Pre-/post-intervention as well as in-session measures have been collected utilizing electroencephalography in addition to psychometric tests and semi-structured interviews addressing craving, depressive, and anxiety symptoms, inhibitory cognitive control, and the music-therapeutic process. An intention-to-treat approach was employed.Results: Fourteen participants completed the study: two participants from individual MT dropped out due to a relapse episode. Preliminary results showed (1) lower neurophysiological craving arousal post-MT intervention as compared to ST; (2) lower subjective evaluation of craving intensity after MT sessions; (3) different impact of MT and ST on neurophysiological asymmetry related to affective processing potentially underlying depressive symptoms; (4) enhanced neural mechanisms related to sensorimotor response inhibition following MT; (5) qualitative themes reflecting absence of craving, reluctance towards craving discussions, narratives on experiences, emotions, and the therapeutic process.Discussion: MT might facilitate lower post-intervention arousal related to craving as compared to ST, but the conscious perception of this decrease is noticeable only after MT sessions. The differential brain asymmetry may represent higher emotional regulation and introspection associated with MT compared to ST. MT may facilitate neuromodulation that boosts inhibitory cognitive control functions. Themes emerging from semi-structured interviews highlight the transformative potential of MT in alleviating craving and stimulating reflection. Interpretations from this pilot study must be taken with caution and a larger clinical trial would help to substantiate these findings.</p
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