Jurnal Pengendalian Hayati
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Pengaruh Kompos dan PGPR (Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria) Pada Lahan Kering Terhadap Produksi Sawi (Brassica rapa L.)
Full text linkThe increasing of demand for agricultural product and the narrowing of fields where fields are currently being prioritized for cultivating food crops forcing them to take and use dry land. Problem happened by conducting agricultural activities on dry land such as limited water availability, low microorganism population and low nutrient avaibility. Water avaibility on dry land can be optimized by providing compost and PGPR. The productivity of Sawi nauli varieties according to the minister of agriculture decision (2009) that 37-39 tons/ha with a population per hectare are 93.000 plants. This purpose of this study is to determine the effect of compost and PGPR on dry land about pakchoy productivity. This study also used factorial completely randomized design and replicated 3 times. The design of two treatments are: The first: compost which consists of 4 levels with a dose of 5 kilograms of soil, 4900 grams of soil with 100 grams of compost, 4800 grams of soil with 200 grams of compost, 4700 grams of soil with 300 grams of compost. For the second factor is PGPR which consists of 4 levels with a dose of 0 milligrams/plant, 100 milligrams/plant, 200 milligram/plant and 300 milligram/plant. The data obtained were analyzed by using analysis of variance (ANOVA). Then, the results obtained from the ANOVA test were followed by the Standart Error Mean (SEM). Based on the results of the study it is known that there are influences from each single factor and combination of treatments. Compost treatment showed significantly different results on variable number of leaves, number of leaf chlorophyll and dry weight of plants. Whereas there is a very significant effect on plant height and plant fresh weight. On a single factor PGPR showed no significant results on variable plant height, number of leaf chlorophyll, but showed a significant effect on variable number of leaves, plant fresh weight and plant dry weight. The combination of compost and PGPR treatment showed no significant results on variable plant height, number of leaves, number of leaf chlorophyll, and plant dry weight. The treatment combination treatment showed a significant effect on the fresh weight variable of the plan
Uji Efektivitas Konsentrasi Spodoptera litura – Nuclear Polyhedrosis Virus (SlNPV) JTM 97C Formulasi Bubuk Terhadap Larva Spodoptera litura Fabricius (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) Pada Tanaman Kedelai
Full text linkSpodoptera litura (armyworm) is an important leaf pest that is polyphagic and has a broad range of hosts. Spodoptera litura is the main pest in soybean plants and can cause up to 50% damage and often results in decreased productivity and even crop failure. Spodoptera litura is widespread in areas with hot and humid climates from the subtropics to the tropics. S. litura pests attack cultivation plants in the vegetative and generative phases. The prospect of insect pathogens as a substitute for chemical insecticides is quite good in terms of their effectiveness and impact on the environment. Nuclear Polyhedrosis Virus (NPV) is one of the Baculoviridae viruses that infect the larval stage. Spodoptera litura Nuclear Polyhedrosis Virus (SlNPV) is a pathogenic virus that infects armyworms. SlNPV JTM 97C is an effective isolate in controlling larvae of Spodoptera litura. The larvae used in this study were larval instar 4, instar 5, and instar 6. The study was conducted using a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with 6 treatments and 3 replications. The treatments consisted of controls, 1 g / l, 2g / l, 3 g / l, 4 g / l, and 5 g / l. Each treatment was applied to instar 4, instar 5 and 6 instar larvae. The results showed that SlNPV JTM 97C affected mortality, stopped eating and pupa formation of instar 4, instar 5 larvae, but did not affect instar 6 larvae. The younger the larval instar the higher the pathogenicity response
Pengaruh Penggunaan Beberapa Varietas dan Aplikasi Pseudomonas fluorescens untuk Mengendalikan Penyakit Bulai (Peronosclerospora maydis) pada Tanaman Jagung (Zea mays L.)
Full text linkCorn is one of the commodities that have high economic value and important role in meeting food needs in Indonesia. Unfavorable conditions on the rate of the higher demand for corn. Pests to be one limiting factor that causes a decrease in the production of corn. Peronosclerospora maydis is a pathogen that causes downy mildew on corn. P. maydis infects corn plants at the age of 2-3 weeks, with the level of damage reaches 80-100%. Control efforts against this disease one of them using antagonistic microbes such as bacteria Pseudomonas fluorescens. P. fluorescens has the potential to control downy mildew because it produces compounds that are antibiosis as chitinase enzymes that can hydrolyze the cell walls of fungi. The purpose of this study to determine the effect of the interaction of P. fluorescens isolates applications and the use of some varieties to suppress downy mildew attack P. maydis on corn. The method used is to use a random test design of a factorial group with 2 factors. The first factor is the type of varieties with three levels namely V1: Pioneer 27, V2: Pioneer 21 and V3: Bonanza. The second factor is a type of isolates P. fluorescens with three levels namely P1: without the application of P. fluorescens, P2: Isolates P. fluorescens (A) and P3: Isolate of P. fluorescens (B). The result is the application of P. fluorescens and use of some varieties can suppress downy mildew P. maydis
Keragaman Arthropoda Herbivora dan Musuh Alami Pada Tanaman Padi Lahan Rawa di Rowopulo Kecamatan Gumukmas Kabupaten Jember
Full text linkRowopulo is one of the swamps in Gumukmas, Jember Regency with its unique soil in the form of peat soil that floats on water and by the community used for rice cultivation whose production is influenced by the presence of Plant Pests (OPT) which is dominated by the Herbivod Arthropods. The presence of herbivorous Arthropods in the swampland rice ecosystem can be suppressed by the presence of useful Arthropod populations such as predators, parasitoids and pollinators. Related to this, a study was conducted with the aim to find out the diversity of Arthropods found in swampy rice plantations. The study began with a land survey, then the determination and marking of observation plots on the map and matching these locations using GPS (Global Positioning System). Observations were made on plots that were made based on the extent of rice plants that were still in one stretch and the same irrigation flow. Each plot was observed 10 times at 7-day intervals from rice plants aged 14 days after 77 days after planting. Arthropod sampling using sweep net method. Catching arthropods are put into vials of 5 ml size and then identified up to family level and the diversity, evenness and wealth index of the species is calculated. The results of research on swamp rice plants contained 37 families. 10 families act as herbivorous Arthropods, 15 families as predators, 6 families as parasitoids, 1 family as pollinators and 5 families as detritivores. The highest diversity index in plot 1 was 2.95, while the lowest in plot 2 was 2.70 with the medium category for all observation plots. The magnitude of the diversity index is due to the dominance of only a few orders, such as Orthoptera and Diptera; the highest species wealth index in plot 3 with a value of more than 4 in the high category; Evenness index of all observation plots has a value of less than one with uneven categories
Manipulasi Mikrohabitat Dengan Sistem Tanam Polikultur Sebagai Stabilizer Ekosistem Untuk Pengelolaan Hama dan Musuh Alami Pada Tanaman Bawang Merah (Allium ascalonicum Linn.)
Full text linkShallot (Allium ascalonicum Linn.) constitutes one of the commodities that has important meaning for Indonesian people with the limiting factor in the production is the pest attack. One of these pest control techniques is by controlling technical culture of polyculture planting system. This research was conducted in July to October 2019 which was located in Banyuputih Village, Wringin District, Bondowoso Regency. This study used a Randomized Block Design (RBD) with six treatment, namely: P1 = polyculture of shallot + Lemongrass; P2 = polyculture of shallot + celery; P3 = Polyculture of shallot + mustard; P4 = Polyculture of shallot + Lemongrass + mustard; P5 = Polyculture of shallot + celery + mustard; P6 = Monoculture of shallot. Each treatment was repeated 4 times. Observation started at 30 days after planting. Data collection was done by observing directly on the sample plants. Sampling was carried out using Yellow trap and pit fall trap. Samples were taken at each plot 10 times with intervals of 4 days. Observations included collecting the pest insects and natural enemies that were found, counting the number of populations in each species, scoring towards the damage plants. The results showed that shallot planting by polyculture with different types of plants affected the population of pests and natural enemies as well as the level of diversity of insects in shallots. Planting shallots by polyculture has been proven to control pest populations compared to planting shallots by monoculture. Polyculture planting with two types of plants proved to be better than polyculture planting with three types of plants where the best treatment was found in P1, namely polyculture of shallot and lemongrass with the smallest pest population which was 17.5
Dinamika Populasi Kompleks Parasitoid Telur Helicoverpa armigera (Hubner) Pada Ekosistem Kapas Monokultur dan Kapas Tumpangsari dengan Jagung
No full textEggs of Helicoverpa armigera (Hübner) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) on its host plants could beparasitized by some species of parasitoids, especially of the genus Trichogrammatoidea andTrichogramma. This research was aimed to study the population dynamics of egg parasitoids of H.armigera on unsprayed fields of cotton monoculture and intercropped with maize. The plot size ofeach field was 19 m x 20 m, with five replicates. We collected H. armigera eggs from both fieldsperiodically since 23 days after planting (dap) to 100 dap. The eggs were collected on 9 sample units(size of sample unit: 1 m2) in 7-days interval. The number of collected and parasitized eggs wasrecorded and the emerged parasitoids were identified to species level. The result showed that thefluctuation pattern of H. armigera egg population was not different on cotton monoculture and cottonintercropped with maize. The parasitoid population was relatively high during the flowering phase ofcotton and maize. The parasitoids of H. armigera eggs found in cotton monoculture and cottonintercropped with maize were T’toidea armigera, T’toidea guamensis, T’toidea bactrae bactrae,T’toidea bactrae fumata, T. chilonis and T. chilotraeae . The dominant species on early season untilthe flowering phase of the plants was T’toidea armigera, while on the latter phase of the plantphenology was T. chilotraeae. Implication of this population dynamics and the succession of theparasitoids in biological control are discussed
Produksi Massal Agens Hayati Trichoderma harzianum Untuk mengendalikan Penyakit Layu Fusarium pada Pisang
No full textPemanfaatan T. harzianum sebagai agens hayati dalam skala luas belum banyak dilakukan, salah satukendalanya adalah terbatasnya agens hayati isolat lokal yang diproduksi secara massal. Oleh karenaitu diperlukan teknologi untuk produksi massal T. harzianum yang murah dan mudah dilakukan.penelitian ini dilakukan untuk membandingkan perbanyakan T. harzianum pada beberapa media cairekstrak kentang, ekstrak beras, ekstrak jagung muda dan air kelapa muda dengan menggunakan alatFermentor Sangat Sederhana (FSS) dengan media organik limbah pertanian yaitu sekam, bekatul danserbuk gergaji. isolat Ralstonia solanacearum hasil isolasi di daerah Malang mempunyai virulensiyang tinggi. Hasil ekplorasi agensia hayati bakteri Pseudomonad fluoresen diperoleh 130 isolat. Dari130 isolat tidak semua mampu menghambat bakteri Ralstonia solanacearum. Ada 37 isolat yangberpotensi sebagai agensia hayati terpilih dengan zona hambatan terbesar dengan mekanismeberagam yaitu bakteriostatik dan bakterisid
Aktivitas Pseudomonas Pendar Fluor Dalam Mengendalikan Penyebab Penyakit Patik (Cercospora nicotianae) Pada Tembakau
No full textThis study was conducted for tenth month in laboratory and greenhouse of Plant protectionDepartment of Agriculture Faculty Jember university. This research was coonducted by two step invitro including identification and screening in laboratory,and in vivo including induce systemicresistant and leaf interaction of antagonist against patogen. The result show that activities offluorescent pseudomonad in vitro against C. nicotianae was by production antibiotic, proteases andsiderophore. Antagonistic invitro was effective under 20-30OC temperatures. Influence of ironconcentration at 5, 50 and 100 μM was affect on antagonist by siderophore, more high concentrationless ability to suppress C. nicotianae growth. In greenhouse test, all isolate was shown ability tocontrol C. nicotianae by induce plant resistant and by antibiosis activities
Screening Nematoda Entomopatogen Isolat Jawa Timur Sebagai Agens Pengendali Hayati Serangga Hama Helicoverpa sp. Pada Tanaman Jagung
No full textCorn is the important food and crop for Indonesian. Recently, production of corn decreased because ofthe pest (Helicoverpa sp.). Until now, the control of Helicoverpa sp. depend on the using of chemicalelement. However, effect of synthetic chemical element usage was the appearance of secondary pest,the death of useful insect and the high accumulation of pesticide residue both in biotic and abioticagroecosystem. The residue of pesticide should effect on human health and environment balance.Furthermore, the control method using biological agents that have pathogenicity to host was done..One of biological agents is entomopathogenic nematodes. Entomopathogenic nematodes can kill it’shost at 24-72 hours, have wide host range such as Lepidoptera, Coleoptera, Diptera and Hymenopteraorder, and have no negatif effect on environment. The aim of the research is to find nematodes asbiological agents that effective against pest of corn (Helicoverpa sp.). The research was done inlaboratory of HPT UPN ”Veteran” Jawa Timur and HPT University of Jember. Methods of theresearch were : 1) Isolating entomopathogenic nematodes from many endemic area of Helicoverpaspp. In East Java; 2) Identificating Entomopatogenic Nematodes; 3) Screening IsolatesEntomopathogenic nematodes from East Java. The result indicated that there was anEntomopathogenic Nematodes Isolate from Tulungagung that has the highest pathogenicity (100%)
Ketahanan Beberapa Aksesi Tembakau Cerutu Terhadap Penyakit Cucumber Mozaic Virus (CMV)
No full textPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui ketahanan beberapa aksesi tembakau cerutu (Nicotiana tabacum L.) terhadap penyakit Cucumber Mosaic Virus (CMV) Penelitian dilaksanakan di Laboratorium dan Rumah Kasa Fitopatologi Balai Penelitian Tanaman Tembakau dan Serat Malang, mulai bulan Mei sampai dengan Oktober tahun 2006. Rancangan percobaan disusun dalam Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) dengan tiga ulangan. Perlakuan terdiri dari 30 aksesi tembakau cerutu termasuk tanaman kontrol. Unit perlakuan 10 tanaman tiap aksesi. Parameter pengamatan dengan menghitung luas serangan, intensitas serangan dan persentase daun yang terserang pertanaman. Inokulasi dilakukan pada umur dua minggu setelah tanam pada tiga helai daun bagian atas yang telah membuka secara mekanis setelah ditaburi carborundum 600 mess. Ekstrak daun tembakau yang sakit dalam buffer fosfat pH 7 dioleskan secara merata menggunakan kapas steril. Pengamatan dilakukan satu minggu setelah inokulasi dengan interval satu minggu. Hasil evaluasi menunjukkan ketahanan aksesi tembakau cerutu terhadap penyakit CMV diperoleh : dua aksesi sangat tahan yaitu S.2234 dan S.2398 dengan rata-rata luas serangan 0,00%