Jurnal Fitopatologi Indonesia
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Formulasi Bakteri Filosfer Padi dan Aplikasinya untuk Mengendalikan Penyakit Hawar Daun Bakteri
Get PDFXanthomonas oryzae pv.oryzae is a casual agent of bacterial leaf blight disease (BLB) of rice. The disease can infect every phases of plant growth and can reduce rice production. In the previous study we have isolated nonpathogenic phyllosphere bacteria against X. oryzae pv.oryzae. For further study, in the present work we developed the formulation of the phyllosphere bacteria and tested their effectiveness against BLB in greenhouse trials. Out of three alternative medium used in culturing bacterial cell biomass, it was revealed that potato broth served as the best medium in comparison with skim milk molasses and bran extract. Formulation of phyllosphere bacteria was conducted by using of talc as main carrier, i.e. approximately 109 cfu g-1of main carrier. Application of the formula on rice leaves indicated that BFV 60, BFF 69, BFR 203 and BFR 153 were the best formula for controlling BLB and were able to reduce disease incidence up to 40.73%, 39.72%, 39.26%, and 28.07%, respectivel
Identifikasi Molekuler Cowpea mild mottle virus pada Tanaman Kedelai di Jawa
Get PDFSoybean (Glycine max) is an important food crops in Indonesia, but the production is considered low. Infection of Cowpea mild mottle virus (CPMMV) may affect to the productivity of the crops. The virus cause a variety of symptoms on soybean such as mosaic, chlorosis, necrosis, distortion, and leaf dwarf. The aims of this study were to detect and identify CPMMV by molecular technique from some varieties of soybeans, i.e. ‘Anjasmoro’, ‘Argomulyo’, ‘Grobogan’, and two local Edamame varieties. Symptomatic samples was obtained randomly from main soybean growing areas in Java. DNA amplification using specific primer for coat protein of CPMMV was only successfully gained from leaf samples of var. Argomulyo from Malang which showing mosaic on the leaf surface, vein clearing, and chlorosis. Further amino acid and nucleotide sequence analysis showed that this CPMMV isolate has highest homology (99%) to CPMMV isolate of French bean from China
Seleksi Bakteri Endofit Penghasil Senyawa Metabolit untuk Pengendalian Cendawan Patogen Terbawa Benih Jagung
Get PDFEndophytic bacteria have been reported to produce metabolite as antifungal compound. This study was aimed to obtain endophytic bacteria which are able to produce metabolite to control Fusarium sp., a potential seedborne fungi on maize. Endophytic bacteria were screened by hypersensitive test on tobacco leaves and antagonistic test. Endophytic bacteria isolates with high growth inhibitor activity were selected and examined for their metabolite compound. Thre isolates, i.e. Lactobacillus sp. isolate EF14III, Pseudomonas sp. isolate ER1I, dan Aeromonas sp. isolate ER10I has the potential to inhibit Fusarium sp.. Metabolite compound of Pseudomonas sp. isolates ER1I was able to decrease the infection Fusarium sp. by 65.0% in blotter test and decreased infection of Fusarium sp. up to 59.5% and 60.5% in growing on test using water agar and sterile soil, respectively. Cyclohexanone with concentration of 9.68% produced by Pseudomonas sp. isolat ERI1 may play a role as antifungal compound
Deteksi dan Identifikasi Spesies Meloidogyne Penyebab Umbi Berbintil pada Kentang Asal Sulawesi Utara
Get PDFRoot-knot nematode (Meloidogyne spp.). is one of the main constraint of potato production in North Sulawesi. Little is known about Meloidogyne species infecting potatoes in North Sulawesi. Therefore, research was conducted to identify Meloidogyne spp. on potatoes in North Sulawesi and further study their relationship with related species from other countries. Infected potato tubers with pimple-like knot symptom were collected from three potato production centers, i.e. Kakenturan (South Minahasa), Purworejo (East Bolaang Mongondow) and Singsingon (…?? Bolaang Mongondow). Morphological identification was conducted based on the perineal pattern of the female; whereas molecular identification was conducted by PCR using specific primer for ITS-rDNA, followed by DNA sequencing and phylogenetic analysis. Two Meloidogyne species were identified i.e. M. javanica (samples form Kakenturan, Purworejo and Singsingon) and M. incognita (samples from Purworejo). M. javanica and M. incognita from North Sulawesi are similar to the related species from China with homology level of 97.5 % and 100 %, respectively
Penapisan dan Identifikasi Bakteri Kitinolitik Penghambat Pertumbuhan Ganoderma boninense in Vitro
Get PDFChitinolytic bacteria have been reported as biocontrol agents and have the ability to produce chitinase enzymes. The objective of the research was to obtain chitinase producing bacteria that had antagonistic activity to Ganoderma boninense, a causal agent of basal stem rot on oil palm. A total of 63 isolates of chitinase producing bacteria were isolated from soil of Bukit Dua Belas National Park and oil palm plantation in Jambi Province; all was screened for their potency in inhibiting G. boninense in vitro. Three isolates designated TB04-05, SW01-11, and SW02-08 were potentially suppressed and inhibited the mycelium growth of G. boninense in vitro. Based on their specific chitinase activity, these three isolates produced the highest level of chitinase enzyme of 6.3072 U mg-1 protein, 6.0385 U mg-1 protein and 6.1279 U mg-1 protein, respectively after 24 hr incubation. Based on 16S RNA identification, strain TB04-05 had similarity with Bacillus cereus, whereas strains SW01 and SW02-08 had similarity with Bacillus thuringiensis
Penanda Molekuler Inter Simple Sequence Repeat untuk Menentukan Ketahanan Tanaman Jagung terhadap Penyakit Bulai
Get PDFDowny mildew disease of maize, caused by the fungus Peronosclerospora maydis, can cause serious yield loss. Molecular markers-based method is usually performed to look for the variation of resistance in plants. In this study, 5 primers of inter simple sequence repeat (ISSR) was evaluated for molecular marker to determine maize resistance to downy mildew. The average polymorphic of 5 ISSR primers was 72.84%. Primer ISSR 808 (AG) 8C was able to differentiate resistant cultivar (cv Talenta) from susceptible cultivar (cv Pulut)
Peran Mikoriza Arbuskula pada Insidensi Penyakit Busuk Pangkal Batang Lada
Get PDFStem rot or foot rot disease caused by Phytophthora capsici is known as an important constraint on pepper cultivation. Research was conducted to determine the effect of arbuskula mycorhizal fungi (AMF) on incidence of foot rot disease of pepper seedlings. The experiment was done in the net house and arranged using completed randomized design with 6 treatments, i.e. (1) soil infested by P. capsici (TPC) as negative control treatment, (2) sterilized soil (TS) as positive control treatment, (3) TPC with 5 g of AMF, (4) TPC with 10 g AMF, (5) TPC with 15 g AMF, and (6) TPC with 20 g AMF. Observation involved plant height, number of shoots, disease incidence, the percentage of AMF infection on the roots of pepper plants, and pepper plants dependence on AMF. The results showed that the application of AMF at a dose of 20 g per 10 kg of soil effectively suppressed incidence of foot rot disease and improve plant growt
Isolasi, Seleksi, dan Identifikasi Bakteri Endofit sebagai Agens Penginduksi Ketahanan Padi terhadap Hawar Daun Bakteri
Get PDFBacterial leaf blight caused by Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae is one of the major problems in rice production in Indonesia. One of the control measures for the disease is by the utilization of endophytic bacteria. This study was aimed to determine the ability of endophytic bacteria isolated from the roots, stems and leaves of rice in inducing plant resistance to bacterial leaf blight on rice. Screening of endophytic bacteria showed that 370 isolates have good viability and have different colony morphology. Among them, 7 isolates were able to induce resistance and 1 isolate was able to promote the growth of rice in the nursery. However, only 8 isolates did not cause hypersensitive reaction on tobacco plants. The selected isolates of endophytic bacteria were further examined for their ability to induce resistance of rice in greenhouse experiments. Observation involved several variables, i.e. PR1 and PBZ1 gene expression, peroxidase enzyme activity, incubation period, and disease progression. Seven isolates of endophytic bacteria were able to induce PR1 and PBZ1 gene expression, 4 isolates were able to increase peroxide enzyme activity, 4 isolates could prolong the incubation period, and 2 isolates can inhibit the development of disease. However, only EB4 451 isolate was consistently able to induce PR1 and PBZ1 gene expression, increased peroxide enzyme activity, prolonged incubation period, and suppressed the progression of the disease. The EB4 451 isolate was identified based on nucleotide sequence as Bacillus subtilis
Galur Isogenik Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae Hasil Penyinaran Ultraviolet dan Potensinya Sebagai Penginduksi Resistensi Padi terhadap Penyakit Hawar Daun Bakteri
Get PDFBacterial leaf blight (BLB) caused by Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae is an important rice disease and may cause 50% plant damage. One approach to manage this disease is using isogenic non-pathogenic strain that can induce plant resistance. This study was conducted to obtain isogenic strains of X. oryzae pv. oryzae through ultraviolet irradiation and evaluate ability of the isolates in inducing plant resistance. Bacteria X. oryzae pv. oryzae were exposed to UV for 3, 5, 10 and 15 min. A total of 99 colonies obtained were selected through pathogenicity tests, followed by confirmation using XOR-F and XOR-R2 primers. As much as 16 isogenic strain isolates were obtained with the ability to produce exopolysaccharides (EPS) ranges between 1.4–9.8 mg mL-1 compared to wild-type 6.0 mg mL-1. Five isogenic strains isolates (M313, M57, M101, M1513 and M1515) caused virulence reduction of 92.8–98.6%. Application of those five isogenic isolates prolonged incubation period of X. oryzae pv. Oryzae, i.e. 6.6–5.4 days compared to the wild-type i.e. 4.8 days after inoculation. Suppression of disease progression was also observed with AUDPC value 615.0-827.5, which was lower than those caused by wild-type and control, i.e. 863.3 and 682.5, respectively. Application of isogenic strain isolates did not affect plant growth but it increased plant productivity. Isogenic strain M101 was the best isolate with an incubation period of 5.7 days after inoculation, having the lowest AUDPC value (615.0), and yielded dry weight of 100 grains higher (2.8 g) than those of the wild-type (2.0 g).
Efektivitas Formula Bacillus subtilis TM4 untuk Pengendalian Penyakit pada Tanaman Jagung
Get PDFBanded leaf and sheath blight (BLSB) and maydis leaf blight (MLB) caused by Rhizoctonia solani and Bipolaris maydis, respectively are considered as important diseases in maize. The use of biopesticides is an alternative method to control the diseases. This study was conducted to determine the effectiveness of bacterial formula Bacillus subtilis to inhibit the development of BLSB and MLB on the plant. Testing of biopesticide formula was done in two different applications, i.e. seed treatment for BLSB control and leaf spraying in the field for MLB. The results showed that the B.subtilis formula effectively suppressed the development of BLSB but it was not effectively suppressed the development of MLB .Key words: Bacillus subtilis, biopesticide, Bipolaris maydis, leaf blight diseaseBanded leaf and sheath blight (BLSB) and maydis leaf blight (MLB) caused by Rhizoctonia solani and Bipolaris maydis, respectively are considered as important diseases in maize. The use of biopesticides is an alternative method to control the diseases. This study was conducted to determine the effectiveness of bacterial formula Bacillus subtilis to inhibit the development of BLSB and MLB on the plant. Testing of biopesticide formula was done in two different applications, i.e. seed treatment for BLSB control and leaf spraying in the field for MLB. The results showed that the B.subtilis formula effectively suppressed the development of BLSB but it was not effectively suppressed the development of MLB