Economica: Jurnal Ekonomi Islam
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Rethinking Human Development: Contributions of Mahbub Ul Haq, Amartya Sen, and Umer Chapra to Conventional and Islamic Indices
Full text linkThis study examines the evolution of human development measurements by comparing the Human Development Index (HDI) and the Islamic Human Development Index (IHDI). The HDI, developed by Mahbub Ul Haq and Amartya Sen, assesses life expectancy, education, and income but has been criticized for overlooking ethical and spiritual dimensions. In response, Umer Chapra proposed the IHDI, which integrates *maqasid al-shari'ah* (objectives of Islamic law), emphasizing religion, intellect, life, lineage, and wealth. Using a descriptive qualitative approach, this study analyzes literature on the HDI and IHDI, assessing their conceptual frameworks and applications. Findings indicate that while the HDI provides a broad measure of well-being, the IHDI offers a more holistic approach by incorporating ethical and spiritual values, though its implementation remains underdeveloped. The study highlights the growing need for development indices that reflect both material and non-material aspects of well-being, as human progress extends beyond economic indicators. To achieve a comprehensive measure of development, future research should explore the practical application of the IHDI, ensuring it effectively captures the multidimensional nature of human flourishing
Ethnomethodological Insights into Hybrid Contract Practices in Islamic Accounting
Full text linkThis study aims to explore the implementation of Sharia accounting for hybrid contract financing at PT Bank Syariah Indonesia Tbk., where several contracts are not yet regulated under current Sharia Accounting Standards. The focus of this research is to identify how these hybrid contracts align with Sharia principles and the existing regulatory framework while assessing the practical challenges faced by Islamic financial institutions. The primary data sources include direct observations and in-depth interviews with informants, specifically employees of PT Bank Syariah Indonesia Tbk., who provide insights into the operationalization of Sharia accounting in practice. This research adopts a qualitative approach with an interpretive paradigm, utilizing the ethnomethodology method to conduct an in-depth analysis of indexicality, reflexivity, and accountability within the accounting processes. The findings reveal that the application of Sharia accounting in hybrid contract financing at PT Bank Syariah Indonesia Tbk. represents a form of innovation that consistently aligns with regulations, Sharia principles, and Sharia accounting standards. Despite the absence of comprehensive standards, the bank effectively adapts existing guidelines to manage these hybrid contracts realistically. To support the ongoing development of Islamic banking in Indonesia, it is imperative for regulators and standards boards to establish detailed rules and guidelines for Sharia accounting in hybrid contract financing, ensuring uniformity and transparency across the industry
Theory of Motivation in Business Management: An Elaboration of Western and Islamic Worldviews
Full text linkThis article examines and compares Western and Islamic perspectives on work motivation. Western theories, such as those by Maslow, McGregor, and Herzberg, emphasize secular factors and do not account for worship as a motivation, whereas Islam views worship as the primary driver for work. This suggests that Islamic work motivation stems from a different worldview compared to Western models. The study, a literature review using content and comparative analysis, adopts a philosophical approach with worldview theory as its framework. It consists of two stages: de-westernization, which reviews Western motivation theories, and integration, comparing these theories with Islamic concepts. The findings reveal that Western theories are rooted in secularism, humanism, materialism, and atheism, while Islamic work motivation is based on a non-secular worldview, with God at its center. These differing worldviews result in distinct motivational frameworks in Islam and the West. This study aims to enhance human capital management, particularly in diverse business organizations with heterogeneous workforces
Reimagining Economic Wellbeing and Justice: The Wasaṭiyya Framework in Islamic Economics
Full text linkThis article explores the foundations and instruments of Islamic economics, with a focus on the wasaṭiyya (moderation) mindset. The concept of Iqtiṣād, which signifies balance and fairness, lies at the core of Islamic economic principles, as reflected in the Qur’ān and developed by scholars such as Al-Ghazālī, Ibn Khaldūn, and Bāqir Al-Ṣadr. Bāqir Al-Ṣadr positions Islamic economics as a middle path between capitalism and socialism, advocating an ethical system that promotes justice and sustainable growth. The study examines key financial instruments—zakāt, waqf, kharāj, jizya, and sukūk—which are designed to reduce poverty, promote wealth circulation, and ensure fair resource distribution. It also addresses challenges such as economic crises, regulatory failures, and societal greed, which threaten the sustainability of wellbeing. Through an analysis of primary Islamic texts and the works of major scholars, this article compares Islamic economic thought with capitalist and socialist models, highlighting its unique approach to wellbeing and justice. Modern scholarly contributions further enhance the discussion, providing insights into the practical applications of these principles today. Ultimately, the wasaṭiyya framework is shown to offer a balanced and resilient framework for addressing contemporary economic challenges, positioning Islamic economics as a viable alternative to conventional systems in the pursuit of human wellbeing and economic justice
Efficient or Opportunistic: An Empirical Test of Managerial Discretion of Islamic Banking in Reporting The Earnings
Full text linkManagers are responsible for the decision-making related to financial information. They make financial reporting incentives to manage financial data, including the earnings. Banks under Islamic principles seem to affect the probability of problematic managerial behavior in determining earnings. This study determines whether Islamic banking managers' discretion in reporting earnings is efficient or opportunistic. The sample of this study was Islamic commercial banks in Indonesia. The data was obtained from Bank Indonesia and Financial Services Authority. Their financial statements from 2010 to 2016 were analyzed using Moderated Regression Analysis. As reported by the analysis results, managers in Islamic banking are efficient in their discretion while reporting their earnings. Managers tend to level down their earnings when the profitability is exceptionally high at the current earning and movie it to the future earning making the profitability of Islamic banks seem stable.
The Impact of Leadership, Motivation, Discipline, and Wages on The Performance of Sharia Bank Employees
Full text linkAbstract: The development of Islamic Banks increased rapidly. Based on assets, profitability, market share, and others. They were followed by internal management, such as an expansion of the facilities and services. On the other hand, considering Islamic Banks’ human resources is very important in realizing the vision and mission. As a result, they must be improving the worker's performance on the goals. This research used a quantitative approach with the independent variable are leadership, working discipline, motivation, and wages. The dependent variable used in this research is employee performance. The result showed that leadership, working discipline, motivation, and wages significantly affect the employee enterprise. It can be seen from the magnitude of t count of 45.804 > t table of 2.51 with a significance (sig) of 0.000 < 0.05. Simultaneously critical in the leadership thorough giving higher wage and the reward encouraged workers’ motivation, discipline to increase workers’ performance. As a result, those variables can improve employee performance to achieve a manner together in Bank BRI Syariah Tugumulyo Branch, Bandar Lampung, South Sumatra. The conclusion stated that the independent variables affected the workers' enterprise. Therefore, as a result, these models are very suitable for improving banks’ workers to achieve their goals.Abstrak: Perkembangan Bank Syariah meningkat pesat. Berdasarkan aset, profitabilitas, pangsa pasar, dan lain-lain. Disusul dengan manajemen internal, seperti perluasan fasilitas dan layanan. Di sisi lain, mengingat sumber daya manusia Bank Syariah sangat penting dalam mewujudkan visi dan misi. Akibatnya, mereka harus meningkatkan kinerja pekerja pada tujuan. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif dengan variabel bebas yaitu kepemimpinan, disiplin kerja, motivasi, dan upah. Variabel terikat yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah kinerja karyawan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kepemimpinan, disiplin kerja, motivasi, dan upah berpengaruh signifikan terhadap karyawan perusahaan. Hal ini terlihat dari besarnya t hitung sebesar 45,804 > t tabel sebesar 2,51 dengan signifikansi (sig) sebesar 0,000 < 0,05. Sekaligus kritis dalam kepemimpinan menyeluruh memberikan upah yang lebih tinggi dan penghargaan mendorong motivasi pekerja, disiplin untuk meningkatkan kinerja pekerja. Sehingga variabel-variabel tersebut dapat meningkatkan kinerja pegawai untuk berprestasi secara bersama-sama di Bank BRI Syariah Cabang Tugumulyo, Bandar Lampung, Sumatera Selatan. Kesimpulannya menyatakan bahwa variabel independen berpengaruh terhadap perusahaan pekerja. Oleh karena itu, sebagai hasilnya, model ini sangat cocok untuk meningkatkan pekerja bank untuk mencapai tujuan mereka.
Spiritual Well-Being and Religious Commitment in Explaining Customer Satisfaction and Loyalty in Sharia Banking
Full text linkAbstract: This research aims to analyze the impact of spiritual well-being and religious commitment on customer satisfaction. And spiritual well-being, religious commitment, and customer satisfaction to customer loyalty. This research was quantitative with multiple linear regression. The data in this research was primary data with 165 banking customers. The sampling technique was non-probability sampling. The result of the research shows that There was a positive and significant effect of spiritual well-being and religious commitment to customer satisfaction. In addition, customer satisfaction has a positive and significant effect on customer loyalty. Another result shows spiritual well-being and religious commitment have a positive and significant effect on customer loyalty. This study provides information to sharia bank management to pay attention to religious and non-religious factors. For example, social, economic, educational, environmental, cultural factors, the magnitude of profit-sharing, completeness of facilities and infrastructure, and the sophistication of facilities such as ATMs, internet banking, and m-banking are considered in consideration finding customers. These factors contribute very dominantly to determine the level of satisfaction and loyalty of customers.Abstrak: Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menguji pengaruh spiritual well-being dan komitmen agama terhadap kepuasan nasabah. Serta pengaruh spiritual well-being, komitmen agama dan kepuasan nasabah terhadap loyalitas nasabah. Jenis penelitian ini adalah kuantitatif dengan regresi linear berganda. Data dalam penelitian ini berupa data primer dengan 165 responden nasabah perbankan. Teknik pengambilan sampel dilakukan dengan menggunakan metode non probability sampling. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa adanya pengaruh positif dan signifikan spiritual well-being dan komitmen agama terhadap kepuasan nasabah. Pengaruh kepuasan nasabah terhadap loyalitas nasabah adalah positif dan signifikan. Selain itu pengaruh spiritual well being dan komitmen agama terhadap loyalitas nasabah adalah positif dan signifikan. Penelitian ini memberikan informasi kepada pihak manajemen bank syariah untuk memperhatikan faktor keagamaan serta non keagamaan, misalnya, faktor sosial, ekonomi, pendidikan, lingkungan, budaya, besarnya bagi hasil, kelengkapan sarana dan prasarana serta kecanggihan fasilitas seperti ATM, internet banking, m-banking sebagai pertimbangan dalam mencari nasabah, karena faktor ini memberikan kontribusi yang sangat dominan untuk menentukan tingkat kepuasan serta loyalitas nasabah
Halal Lifestyle as A New Lifestyle in Modern Era: Demand Function Theory of Marshall and Ibn Taimiyah
Full text linkThe Muslim community has grown to be the world’s largest population. Muslims have become a priority for business people and manufacturers who understand Muslim life patterns. Nowadays, manufacturers do not hesitate to use the halal label to reap huge revenues from Muslims. According to the GIE-report for 2019 to 2020, Muslim expenditure on the purchase of goods and services in six industries of food, finance, medicine, cosmetics, fashion, and travel and tourism has reached 2.2 trillion with 5.2% YoY growth from 1.8 billion Muslims worldwide. This draws a rosy picture of the development of the halal industry that Muslims have turned into a potential market. Products adhering to Islamic law are what manufacturers must consider having their goods sold well. The sharia trend has become a new lifestyle, particularly for millennials. The rise of Islamophobia is one of the reasons for the ascending trend of sharia-compliant lifestyles in the modern age. This paper highlights the sharia modes of consumption practiced by Muslims by employing literature review as a research methodology. Referring to the Marshallian demand function, the higher the demand, the higher the satisfaction, yet, even if it is labeled halal, the additional satisfaction decreases. This is in stark contrast to Ibn Taymiyah asserting that market demand depends on shifting preferences. Muslims are increasingly focused on the halal lifestyle due to ever-changing tastes based on economic reasoning
Transaction Cost Analysis on The Financing of The Baitul Maal Wat Tamwil
Full text linkThe emergence of Sharia microfinance institutions (S-MFIs) BMT has become a hope for micro, small and medium enterprises (MSMEs) pertaining to the improvement of access to capital loans, business, and welfare of MSME entrepreneurs. This study delves deeper into ex-ante and ex-post transaction costs of the BMT financing scheme at MSMEs from the BMT side and formulates strategies for optimizing BMT financing schemes for MSMEs. Constituting the largest contributor to the overall transaction costs at MSMEs, In a bid to reinforce the financing process, the efficiency of ex-ante transaction costs for drafting and ex-post transaction costs for designing and implementing the BMT’s governance is required
The Implementation Strategy of Non-Cash Payment Systems in The Islamic Boarding School Through Analytical Hierarchy Process Approach
Full text linkAbstract: This study aimed to observe the problems of non-cash payments implementation in Islamic boarding schools. This research uses descriptive qualitative-quantitative by using the analytical hierarchy process development model (AHP). The results indicated the three most dominant problems, including resources, communication, and governance systems. The literature review and interview results could detail the three main aspects, then examined using AHP. The results showed that these three aspects have priority values with a percentage of the resource aspect is 40%, 38% for the communication aspect, and 22% for the governance system aspect. This study uses primary data through interviews (in-depth interviews) with the experts and practitioners who understand the issues discussed, followed by filling out questionnaires to respondents at the second meeting. This study discusses the analysis of the problem and the main factors in the implementation of non-cash payments in Islamic boarding schools. No previous studies have made Islamic boarding schools the object of research. This research contributes to stakeholders in making policies if they will implement non-cash payments in Islamic boarding schools.Abstrak: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengalisis masalah dan faktor utama yang menghambat jika akan diimplementasikan di pondok pesantren. Penelitian ini menggunakan deskritif kualitatif-kuantitatif dengan menggunakan model pengembangan analytical hierarchy process (AHP). Hasilnya menyimpulkan bahwa terdapat tiga masalah utama pada yang paling dominan yaitu masalah sumber daya, komunikasi dan sistem tata kelola. Kajian literatur dan hasil wawancara dapat merinci tiga aspek utama tersebut yang kemudian diteliti menggunakan AHP. Hasil mengemukakan bahwa ketiga aspek tersebut memiliki nilai prioritas dengan presentase aspek sumber daya sebesar 40%, aspek komunikasi sebesar 38% dan aspek sistem tata kelola sebesar 22%. Data primer melalui wawancara (indepth interview) dengan pakar dan praktisi, yang memiliki pemahaman tentang permasalahan yang dibahas yang dilanjutkan dengan pengisian kuesioner pada responden di pertemuan kedua. Penelitian ini membahas tentang analisis masalah dan faktor utama dalam pelaksanaan pembayaran nontunai di pondok pesantren. Belum ada penelitian sebelumnya yang menjadikan pesantren sebagai objek penelitian. Penelitian ini memberikan kontribusi kepada para stakeholder dalam membuat kebijakan jika menerapkan pembayaran nontunai di pondok pesantren