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The anticancer compound identification from chloroform extract of Rhizopora mucronata stem bark
Get PDFPrevious reasearch reported that chloroform extract that was partitioned from etanol exctracts of R. mucronata stem bark had sitotoxic against Myeloma cells (Diastuti, 2008). This research was aimed to fractinate the chloroform extract of R. mucronata stem bark and cytotoxicity test againts Myeloma cells, then identification the cytotoxic compounds. The ethanol extracts of R. mucronata steam bark was partitioned with chloroform. The chloroform extracts was fractinated by coloum chromatography with gradient eluent were nhexane, chloroform, etilacetate and methanol respectivelly. Cytotoxicity test the fraction of chloroform extracts were conducted on Myeloma cells by MTT methods. Identification the compoud of fraction that had a highest cytotoxic againts Myeloma cells conducted using IR spectrometer, and GCMS. The result showed that 2b fraction of R. mucronata stem bark had a highest cytotoxic againts Myeloma cells, having IC50 equal to 5.122 µg/mL. Identification of chemical compounds showed that 2b fraction contained two steroid compounds were 4 methyl- colest-24-en-3-ol and 4-methyl-stigmast-22-en-3-ol.Key words : R. Mucronata, anticancer, Myeloma cells, steroid
Characterization antibacterial constituent from Ficus deltoideusJack leaves
Get PDFAn antibacterial constituent, has been isolated from Ficus deltoideus Jack leaves. Based on spectroscopic data (IR, 1H-NMR, 13 C NMR 1D and 2D and MS), the structure of this compound was identified as Olean-12en-3β-ol, (β-amyrin), C30H50O. This compound showed antibacterial activities against E. coli, B. subtilis and S. aureus. The minimum inhibition concentration (MIC) agains E. coli, B. subtilisand S. aureusare 230, 380 and 460 (µg/mL) respectively.Key words: Antibacterial activity,Ficus deltoideusJack, β-amyri
Bioaccumulation of poly-aromatic hydrocarbons in plankton, algae and fish in south sea waters in Jogjakarta
Get PDFAs a pollutant, the presence of Poly Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAH) in the environment must be always monitored, because of their ability to spread widely through the food chain and also their carsinogenic properties. The solubility of PAH in water is very low, therefore it is difficult to analyze their presence in water environment by using water as a sample. By utilizing the phenomenon of the accumulation of PAH in biolipids, the analysis method has been developedusing bioindicators. In this research, the concentration of four kinds of PAH (pyrene, benzo(a)anthracene, benzo(k)fluoranthene and perylene) in several samples (water, plankton, algae and fish) that collected from the south sea Jogjakarta has been determined. The bioaccumulation factor (BAF) of PAH in each sample has been calculated and the results were from 4498 to 432754; 2552 to 49265; 14156 to 730991, respectively for plankton, algae and fish. Based on the BAF values, plankton can be used as a bioindicator for short term PAH monitoring, while the Upeneus moluccensisfish primarily gills organ can be used as a bioindicator for medium term (months) PAH monitoring.Key words : poly aromatic hydrocarbons, bioaccumulation factor, bioindicator, Upeneus moluccensi
Component and antibacterial activity of crystal fraction from Zingiber zerumbetessential oil
Get PDFThe aims of the study was to determine of the crystal fraction from Zingiber zerumbet essential oils. The components examination was performed by GC-MS method using the solvent n-hexane and anti bacterial activity was tested against Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923 and Escherichia coli ATCC 35218 using agar diffusion method with coconut oil solvent. The components that can be identified are α-humulene, caryophyllene oxide, β-selinene, and zerumbone. Crystal fraction solution able to inhibit of S. aureusATCC 25923 at the concentration 25 % and up to 50 % has not been able to inhibit E. coli ATCC 35218.Key words : Zingiber zerumbet, Lempuyang gajah, Crystal fraction, anti-bacteria
Toxicity effect of Centella asiatica Linn. extract on mice (Mus musculus) organ and tissue
Get PDFToxicity test ofCentella asiaticaLinn. water extract had been carried out. Extract were administered via oral, single and daily doses in mice (Mus musculus). The effect of extract on organs and tissue were evaluated by observing the pathology anatomy of heart, liver and kidney and alsoLD50 value. The influences of acute and sub-chronic toxicity on morpho-anatomy organs and histo-pathology tissue were in accordance with LD50experiment. The results of morpho-anatomy showed that all organs were still in normal condition at low dose treatment, but stain and white spots appeared on liver, black spot on heart and white spots on kidney at higher dose. Histo-pathology indicated that low dose administration of extract resulted that, all of tissue observed were in good and normal condition, but at higher dose resulted injure of muscle fibres and also injure of nucleus cells of heart tissue also the colour of liver tissue was brick red and white stain manifestation (because the damaged of cells and accumulation of leucocytes). Degeneration and congestive sinus occurred in liver tissue, while necrosis and protein degeneration formed in kidney because of glomerulus membrane damaged. LD50 of Centella extract was 13.6 g/kg. This dose indicated that Centella extract is slightly toxic (5 - 15 g/kg), so that it is suggested that if it was used in phyto-therapy had to be under supervision of an expert or specialist and administered in low dose and short period.Keywords : Centella asiatica Linn; extract; acute and subchronic toxicity; anatomy patholog
Purification and characterization of anti-multidrug resistances bacteria from actinomycetes associated sponge
Get PDFActinomycetes are one kind of the microorganisms that very important producer of secondary metabolites for drugs.Active substances of microbial origin have been searched through a series of screening methos to obtain novel compounds and strains. The purpose of this research was to characterize the antibacterial coumpound from actinomycetes associated sponge and identification of actinomycetes base on morfology and fisiology characteristic. Isolation of actinomycetes from sponge were done bypour and spreap plate. A total of actinomycetes strain were isolated from sponges collected at Barrang Lompo island, Makassar, South Sulawesi, Indonesia. One of them showed strong activity against antibiotic resistant bacteria with concentration 0.0195µg. Characterisation of antimicrobial coumpound base on IR spectrum determined derivate of carboxylic acid. The result obtained from the morphological and physiological characterisation, determined the strain a Streptomyces spKey words: sponges, actinomycetes, secondary metabolic, bacteria resista
Ability of fermented soymilk byLactobacillus plantarum 1 in bile acids binding
Get PDFSome lactic acid bacteria (LAB) strains have been isolated from spontaneously fermented soymilk which showing proteolytic activity. These isolated were expected could producing bioactive peptides that could lowering cholesterol content when they used for soymilk fermentation. This research was aimed to determine the proteolytic activity of Lactobacillus plantarum 1 R.1.3.2 and L. plantarum 1 R.11.1.2 comparing with L. acidophilus FNCC 0051 as acontrol. Furthermore soymilk fermented with these isolates were monitored for their ability to bind bile acid and these results were compared with the control of soymilk with no fermentation. Proteolytic activities (U/mL) were measured spectrophotometrically using tyrosin as a standard product, while bile acid binding capacity (µM/100 mg protein) using Total bile Acid Binding Kit. The results show that all isolates use in this study had no different proteolytic activity nor bile acid binding capability to that of control strain. The fermentation process could increased their ability to bind with the bile acid.Key words :fermented soymilk, proteolytic lactic acid bacteria, bile acid bindin
Drug Related Problem (DRP) of Dengue Hemorragic Fever (DHF) medication in pediatric patient`
Get PDFEvery year, Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever (DHF) is the big problem Indonesian’s government with high incidency and high mortality. It would increased length of stay and high cost. The objectives of this study are to identify drug-related problems in DHF patient include need for additional drug therapy, unnecessary drug therapy, wrong drug, drug interaction, dosage to high, and dosage too low.A prospective study of pediatrics admitted to Pediatric Ward, X Private Hospital Yogyakarta for DHF infections was carried out since February-April 2006. Appropriate descriptive analysis was used.The results showed that unnecessary drug therapy the most drugrelated problems in 22 patient from 65 pediatic patient.The other DRP were dosage too low in 14 patient, dosage too high in 10 patient, wrong drug in 4 patient, and need for additional drug therapy in 2 patient, rescpectively. Antibiotics were the most cause of drug-related problems in DHF patient.Key words : Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever (DHF), Drug-Related Problem (DRP), Antibiotic , Hospital
Quality of life measurement in cancer patients before and after chemotherapy with EORTC QLQ-C30 in RSUP Dr. Sardjito Yogyakarta
Get PDFThe research about cancer patients’ quality of life on before and after therapy of high emetogenic cytotostatic in RSUP Dr Sardjito Yogyakarta by EORTC QLQ-C30 has been done.This research used cohort design with cancer patients who just the first time received cisplatin ≥ 50 mg/m2 and or its combination, and also got ondansetron-dexamethasone as anti-emetics. While the patients were given EORTC QLQ-C30 questionnaire before got cisplatin (before chemotherapy) and 5 days after got cisplatin (after chemotherapy). The difference of the quality of the life will be analysed with paired t-test with 95 % level of significancy. The correlation between the domains before and after chemotherapy was analysed by Pearson correlation test with the 95 % level of significancy.We got 38 patients during 2 months with the cancer diagnoses of cervix, nasopharyng, ovarium and lung. Generally, the quality of life was nonsignificantly decreasing, whereas not all the domains were decreasing. The physical, emotions, cognitive and social domains were non-significantly increasing. The decline in the quality of life was more influenced by the role domain of the patients, pain, the decline in appetite and the financial difficulty. The correlation of fatigue, constipation and the financial difficulty were strong between the domain in before and the chemotherapy after was received in the symptom (r ≈ 0.50).Key words : quality of life, cancer, EORTC QLQ-C30
Optimization of chitosan, sodium carboxy methyl celulose and magnesium stearat as mucoadhesive system in captopril tablet
Get PDFCaptopril is an angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor (ACE inhibitor) used for the treatment of hypertension and some types of congestive heart failure. It has been reported that the duration of antihypertensive action after a single oral dose of captopril is only 6–8 h. Captopril is most stable at acidic condition and as the pH increases, it becomes unstable and undergoes a degradation reaction. These indicates a promising potential of the captopril mucoadhesive system as an alternative to the conventional dosage form. The objective of the current study was to find an optimum formula of mucoadhesive tablet for captopril using factorial design. Tablets were evaluated for mucoadhesive strength and drug release profile. The studies were perfomed to establish composition of chitosan, sodium CMC and Mg stearat. Such composition could produce mucoadhesive strength with a zero order release kinetics. A 23 factorial design has been applied to systematically optimize the formula. The amounts of chitosan (XA), sodium CMC (XB), and Mg stearat (XC) were selected as independent variables. Mucoadhesive strength and dissolution efficiency (DE480) were selected as dependent variables. According the contour plot suggested that optimum formula will be reach mucoadhesive strength (26-30 g) and DE480 (≥70 %) chitosan at low to middle level (20-35 mg), sodium CMC at middle to high level (150-200 mg), and Mg stearat at low to middle level (4-6 mg).Key words : mucoadhesive, factorial design, DE480 , chitosan, CMC Na, Mg stearat, contour plo