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Building Culture: Sixteen Architects on How Museums are Shaping the Future of Art, Architecture, and Public Space. Rose, Julian (2024). Nueva York: Princeton Architectural Press. 368 páginas, ISBN 978-1797223681
Get PDFDel motín al libro: La experiencia del Grupo de Información de Prisiones en el origen de Vigilar y castigar
No full textLa experiencia de militancia política de Michel Foucault en el Grupo de Información de Prisiones (GIP) durante los años 1971-1972, que coincide con un ciclo de rebeliones en las cárceles de Francia, influyó de manera determinante en la mirada que, luego, va a caracterizar los estudios del filósofo sobre la prisión y la redacción de Vigilar y castigar. El presente estudio se desarrolla atendiendo a tres de las líneas causales, tanto teóricas como políticas, que sobredeterminan la aparición de esa nueva mirada: 1. El maoísmo francés, 2. El movimiento negro en Estados Unidos y 3. Las vanguardias artísticas parisinas. La convergencia de estas tres líneas hará posible la “identificación imposible” que está en la base del Acontecimiento-GIP
Consumer preferences for dry-cured ham in Spain and Italy: Impact of marbling, sex and castration methods of pigs
Get PDFDry-cured hams come from either surgically castrated males (to avoid boar taint) or from intact females, but immunocastration method has been proposed to improve animal welfare in males and marbling in females. A consumer segmentation study (involving 4200 participants in Spain and Italy) was conducted through an online questionnaire including a choice experiment with blind and informed options of hams from surgically castrated- or immunocastrated-males (by vaccination), and from intact- or immunocastrated-females. The preference for a lean appeal (‘lean lovers’), complying with immunocastration of males, was shown by: young people, without children, travelling less, scarcely involved in home-tasks, consuming less frequently ham, having less knowledge about pig production system, and grading less the intrinsic and extrinsic purchasing cues, independently of gender and country. Even though castration method label is claimed by whole consumers, those valuing fat content (‘marbling lovers’) rank higher the utility of information regarding castration methods and show higher willingness to pay for immunocastration of males and females
Biologically-Inspired Melt Electrowriting for the Generationof Highly Biomimetic Functional Myocardium
Get PDFIn the heart, the specific 3D structure of myocardial layers produces an efficient ejection of blood. When myocardial infarction strikes, this architecture is disrupted, adding a disarranged contraction to the decreased availability of pumping units (cardiomyocytes, CMs). In this work, the alignment of cardiac fibers in a large animal model (pig) is characterized and employ melt electrowriting (MEW) to fabricate a bio-inspired scaffold with diamond-shaped pores. Using human-induced pluripotent stem cell-derived CMs and cardiac fibroblasts, human cardiac tissues with a biomimetic in-plane contraction are generated. MEW-diamond tissues beat macroscopically for over 1 month, with significantly faster kinetics, increased force, and higher conduction velocity than those based on square or rectangular pores. The diamond design induces a specific hiPSC-CM alignment resulting in the observed in-plane contraction. Transcriptomic analysis using bulk RNA-seq reveals diamond-MEW tissues present features of maturation as compared to traditional 2D cultures. Finally, the bio-inspired cardiac tissues are employed to treat an infarction model in athymic rats, showing a significant benefit on systolic function and remodeling, tied to the presence of large grafts of human cells remuscularizing the ventricular wall. All in all, it is demonstrated that the new design generates superior human cardiac tissues with therapeutic capacity
Network connections, distance and exports: applying the Delta model to the internationalisation of companies
Get PDFPurpose
This study aims to analyse the effect of strong network linkages with clients, suppliers, official bodies and complementary firms, on export performance, and whether these connections exercise a moderating effect on the distance between markets.
Design/methodology/approach
Using a Heckman model, this study analyses the factors influencing the probability and intensity to export of a representative sample of Spanish companies and 49 export markets, and the moderating effects of network linkages on the distance between the origin and destination markets.
Findings
This paper presents novel empirical evidence, showing that system linkages are a key factor for increasing the probability of entering new markets, and chain linkages reduce the negative effects of geographical distance.
Research limitations/implications
This study extends the analysis to other variables proposed by the Delta model that can influence export propensity and intensity. Also, the sample is fundamentally composed of small companies, so the results may not be applicable to large winemaking companies.
Practical implications
System linkages increase the firm’s probability of entering new markets. Chain linkages mitigate the negative effects of geographical distance. Managers should establish strong network linkages with institutions and complementary companies to facilitate the entry into distant markets, and with customers and suppliers to reduce the negative effect of these distances. Public institutions should favour the market prospection stage to stimulate international trade.
Originality/value
The main contribution is to analyse the role of different network linkages, their intensity and their role in the internationalisation of companies
La radiología como pilar de la investigación COVID-19 basada en IA: perspectivas de un análisis bibliométrico diverso
No full textAntecedentes
La pandemia de COVID-19 ha impulsado una importante investigación sobre las aplicaciones de la inteligencia artificial (IA) en la atención sanitaria. Este estudio analiza la estructura intelectual y el flujo de conocimientos en la investigación sobre COVID-19 e IA mediante un análisis descriptivo de citas y acoplamiento bibliográfico.
Objetivos
Este estudio pretende explorar el panorama actual de la investigación sobre IA en el contexto de COVID-19, identificar las publicaciones más influyentes y esbozar el marco conceptual de esta área de investigación.
Materiales y métodos
Utilizando las bases de datos Web of Science (WoS) y Scopus, se recopilaron documentos con palabras clave como «COVID-19», «SARS-CoV-2», «coronavirus», «inteligencia artificial» y «aprendizaje profundo». Tras fusionar los resultados y eliminar los duplicados, la muestra final incluía 8.057 documentos. Para el análisis descriptivo de citas se seleccionaron los 1.000 artículos más citados, mientras que para el análisis de acoplamiento bibliográfico se utilizó toda la muestra. El análisis y la visualización de los datos se realizaron con R Bibliometrix/Biblioshiny y VOSviewer.
Resultados
El análisis descriptivo reveló que predominaban los trabajos de investigación originales (85,21%), con un aumento sustancial de las publicaciones sobre COVID-19 e IA desde el inicio de la pandemia. China y Estados Unidos lideraron el volumen de publicaciones, con notables colaboraciones internacionales. El análisis de redes identificó grupos de investigación como el de diagnósticos impulsados por IA y el de la optimización de recursos sanitarios. El análisis del acoplamiento bibliográfico puso de relieve temas de investigación influyentes, centrados principalmente en el diagnóstico por imagen y los algoritmos de IA.
Conclusión
La IA ha desempeñado un papel crucial para hacer frente a la crisis COVID-19, especialmente en el diagnóstico y la optimización de la atención sanitaria. El análisis bibliométrico ofrece una visión del panorama de la investigación, hace hincapié en las contribuciones multifactoriales de la IA y sugiere áreas para futuras investigaciones
Enzymatic starch quantification in developing flower primordia of sweet cherry
Get PDFStarch is a carbohydrate widely used in the plant kingdom as a fuel for different physiological processes. While different techniques are available for the quantification of starch stored in seeds and bark tissues, they have hardly been used to quantify starch content in developing flower buds, where starch has been reported to accumulate in different reproductive organs. Here, we detail a quantitative enzymatic method to measure starch concentration in developing flower primordia in sweet cherry (Prunus avium L.). First, starch is enzymatically hydrolyzed to D-glucose, which was then quantified by an enzyme-coupled assay involving hexokinase (HK) and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) and spectrophotometric quantification of NADH absorbance at 340 nm. This method is a sensitive, rapid, and affordable protocol specifically optimized for tiny flower buds with low starch content. The technique is revealed to successfully determine starch content in non-freshly harvested samples—frozen and stored at -20 °C or stored in fixatives—allowing a temporal separation of sampling and quantification and making the protocol suitable for high-throughput experimental designs in different fields of plant research
An innovative ‘sorption-egg-hanced’ reforming approach to producing highly pure green hydrogen from biomass-derived aqueous effluents
Get PDFThe hydrothermal treatment of biomass forms large quantities of chemical-rich aqueous effluents. In the context of a zero-waste biorefinery, the latter represents a valuable resource for recovery and/or further functionalisation. This work reports for the first time the production of H2 with in-situ CO2 capture from the aqueous fraction of hydrothermally-processed almond hulls using a Ni-based catalyst coupled with a calcium-based sorbent derived from calcined eggshells. The effect of the reforming temperature and relative amounts of catalyst and sorbent (CaO) have been evaluated using a continuous reforming unit. The reaction temperature and the relative amount of catalyst directed the overall product distribution, with high temperatures favoured gas formation, and the catalyst allowed for lower temperatures to be used. Additionally, the temperature and the relative amount of sorbent significantly impacted the gas composition, with H2 enrichment as the latter (calcined eggshells) increased. Process optimisation revealed that a gas with a highly high H2 content (>95 vol%) can be obtained at 500 °C with relative amounts of catalyst and sorbent of 9 g catalyst min/g organics and 70 g CaO min/g organics, respectively. Such conditions allowed for capturing up to 90 % of the CO2, which resulted in a very high H2 production (0.12 g H2/g organics, i.e., the stoichiometric value). This represents a step ahead for developing greener processes and opens the door to exploring novel avenues for process intensification, avoiding further downstream processes to ensure holistic, zero-waste biorefineries
Development, testing, performance analysis and modelling of a biochar-based catalyst for methanation reaction
Get PDFHydrogenation of CO2 to produce synthetic methane is a promising alternative to reduce the dependence on fossil fuels of high-temperature industrial processes hard to be electrified, contributing to mitigation of global warming. To reach enough conversion ratios and reasonable reactor sizes, the Sabatier reaction is usually performed via heterogeneous catalysis. Metallic catalysts, as nickel or ruthenium, are the most used supported over mesoporous alumina.
The present work proposes and fully investigates for the first time the use of olive kernel biochar obtained from pyrolysis as support of methanation catalyst. The so-obtained biochar, with 530 m2/g specific surface area, is evaluated as a cost-effective and sustainable support. A Ni-based (10 wt%) catalyst was synthesized and tested in a fixed-bed methanation pilot plant. The obtained conversion ratios for gas hourly space velocity of 6000 h−1 were above 60 % for stoichiometric ratio and atmospheric pressure. A kinetic model was developed and validated with experimental measurements, finding discrepancies below 10 % between predictions and experiments. Even though the H2-TPR analyses revealed incomplete nickel reduction during the activation stage, the preliminary results are very promising as the achieved performance figures are similar, even higher, than that obtained in pressurized facilities and/or using Ni-Ce catalysts
The Unified Protocol as a Transdiagnostic Treatment in Multiple Sclerosis: A Feasibility pilot Study in Chilean Patients in Eating Behaviors and Emotional Regulation Outcomes
Get PDFBackground: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a degenerative disease affecting the central nervous system, significantly impacting quality of life. Relapsing-remitting MS (RRMS) is the most common subtype and is often worsened by comorbidities such as obesity, which heighten symptoms and disability. Emotional regulation and eating behaviors are critical areas influencing the progression and management of RRMS. Objective: To assess the feasibility and acceptability of the Unified Protocol, a transdiagnostic treatment, in improving psychological symptoms, emotional regulation, andeating behaviours in Chilean RRMS patients, particularly those living with obesity or overweight. Method: The sample included 7 RRMS patients who underwent 14 sessions of the UP. The UP aims to manage and prevent emotional symptoms by enhancing emotional regulation skills, crucial for reducing future psychological distress such as anxiety and depression. The intervention focused on disrupting the cycle of emotional eating and enhancing overall quality of life. Results: Results showed improvements in emotional regulation and reductions in depression and anxiety. However, these effects diminished overtime, with an increase in emotional eating, underscoring the need for continuous support and targeted strategies. Conclusions: The findings of this pilot study on feasibility and acceptability highlight the potential of the UP in treating RRMS, emphasizing the importance of comprehensive, multidisciplinary approaches and further research into sustained and tailored treatments. This study is an extension of a wider RCT which has already been pre-registered [osf.io/sr4bx]