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«Ganarse el pan francés». Políticas de inserción y estrategias laborales de las españolas exiliadas en Francia (1936-1940)
No full textRepublican exiles to France faced the challenges inherent to all types of migration, such as finding remunerated work. This was one of the main objectives of the French administration as a counterpart to the asylum right. Despite the social, political and gender prejudices towards this foreign labour force, Spanish women also joined the ranks of workers in the context of the last years of the Third French Republic. Their labour insertion in sectors such as agriculture, domestic service or war industry would allow them to occupy a place in the management policies of the Republican exile, proving they were worthy of remaining in the country. Thus, if work facilitated their material installation, on a psychological level it also meant a reaffirmation of their capacity of agency and their construction of their identity as exiles, but also as workers. Los hombres y mujeres que integraron el exilio republicano a Francia se enfrentaron a retos propios de todo tipo de migración, como la consecución de un trabajo remunerado. Este fue uno de los principales objetivos de la administración francesa como contrapartida al derecho de asilo. A pesar de los prejuicios sociales, políticos y de género vertidos hacia esta mano de obra extranjera, las mujeres españolas también pasarían a engrosar las filas de trabajadoras en el contexto de los últimos años de la III República francesa. Su inserción laboral en sectores como la agricultura, el servicio doméstico o la industria de guerra les permitiría ocupar un lugar en las políticas de gestión del exilio republicano, demostrando que eran merecedoras de permanecer en el país. Así, si el trabajo facilitó su instalación material, en el plano psicológico también significó una reafirmación de su capacidad de agencia y de su construcción identitaria como exiliadas, pero también como trabajadoras
The gender gap in working from home after the onset of COVID-19
No full textThis study examines changes in the gender gap in the take up and intensity of working from home following the unexpected onset of the COVID-19 pandemic. Using data from the American Time Use Survey, we find that working from home became more prevalent among women than men, thus widening the gender gap. Job characteristics played a crucial role in this trend, particularly among private sector workers. The gender gap widened most significantly among young, highly educated individuals and those living with dependents. Moreover, our results suggest that social distancing measures increased working from home time for men but did not have the same effect on women. We also extend our analysis to other work-related outcomes, finding that women experienced less favorable outcomes, particularly an increase in unpredictable or non-standard schedules. Overall, this shift in the gender gap is statistically significant over time and remains robust
20 años de investigación en Economía Social en España a través de las tesis doctorales (2003-2023)
No full textEn las últimas dos décadas, la Economía Social ha experimentado un crecimiento e institucionalización significativa, consolidándose como un campo de estudio relevante en el ámbito académico. Este artículo analiza la evolución de la producción científica sobre Economía Social en España a través de las tesis doctorales defendidas entre 2003 y 2023, utilizando la base de datos TESEO como fuente principal de información. Mediante un análisis descriptivo, se examinan tendencias temporales, distribución geográfica, áreas de conocimiento, temáticas emergentes y la perspectiva de género en la producción académica. Los resultados evidencian un aumento sostenido del interés en la Economía Social, reflejado en el crecimiento del número de tesis defendidas y en la diversificación temática de la investigación. Mientras que el cooperativismo y las organizaciones sin ánimo de lucro han sido temas tradicionales, en los últimos años han emergido nuevas áreas de estudio, como la innovación social y la empresa social. Se observa una distribución heterogénea entre universidades, con instituciones líderes en producción científica y otras con una presencia especializada en alguna de las temáticas específicas. Además, la participación de mujeres en la autoría de tesis ha alcanzado la paridad, aunque su representación en la dirección de investigaciones aún presenta brechas de género. Este estudio contribuye al conocimiento del desarrollo de la Economía Social en el ámbito académico, ofreciendo una visión actualizada de su evolución y proporcionando un marco para futuras investigaciones en este campo.
In the last two decades, Social Economy has experienced significant growth and institutionalization, consolidating itself as a relevant field of study in academia. This article analyzes the evolution of scientific production on Social Economy in Spain through doctoral theses defended between 2003 and 2023, using the TESEO database as the primary source of information. Through a descriptive analysis, it examines temporal trends, geographic distribu-tion, areas of knowledge, emerging topics, and the gender perspective in academic production. The results show a sustained increase in interest in the Social Economy, reflected in the growth in the number of theses defended and the thematic diversification of research. While cooper-ativism and non-profit organizations have been traditional subjects, new areas of study have emerged in recent years, such as social innovation and social enterprise. A heterogeneous dis-tribution is observed among universities, with some institutions leading in scientific produc-tion and others with a specialized presence in specific topics. Furthermore, the participation of women in theses has reached parity, although their representation in research supervision still presents gender gaps. This study contributes to the understanding of the development of the Social Economy in the academic field, offering an updated overview of its evolution and providing a framework for future research in this field
Rigid-dipole magnetic nanoparticles for sub-second 3D viscosity imaging
No full textMagnetic nanoparticles are widely explored in bio-related applications, as sensing probes, as local heat generators, and as contrast agents for imaging. The large majority of these nanoparticles are iron oxides and cubic ferrites with low to medium magnetic anisotropy, and thus a weak to medium coupling between spins and crystal lattice. Here we present stable aqueous colloidal suspensions made of a doped iron oxide (Al-doped ε-Fe2O3) with a strong coupling between the magnetic moment and the crystal lattice. We show that in stable aqueous suspensions, these highly anisotropic nanoparticles are cell-compatible and follow a rigid dipole model, enabling viscosity sensing, and viscosity imaging using a magnetic particle imaging (MPI) scanner. This opens new perspectives for bio-application of magnetic nanoparticles, such as 3D viscosity imaging with sub-second resolution using MPI, a tomographic technique with kHz imaging rates
Synthesis, characterizacion and study of novel heterobimetallic RAPTA-type Ru(II) complexes
No full textThe new monometallic RAPTA complex [RuCl2(η6-p-cym)(dmPTA-κP)](CF3SO3)2 (1) and novel heterobimetallic complexes [RuCl2(η6-p-cym)-μ-(dmoPTA)-(1κP:2κ2N,N′-M(L)Cl2)] (M = Cu (3); M = Cu, L = DMF (3·3DMF); M = Pd (4)) have been synthesized and characterized (dmPTA = N,N′-dimethyl-1,3,5-triaza-7-phosphaadamantane; dmoPTA = 3,7-dimethyl-1,3,7-triaza-5-phosphabicyclo[3.3.1]nonane). The synthesized complexes have been fully characterized by elemental analysis and spectroscopic techniques. The crystal structure of the complexes 2, 3·3DMF and 4 were determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. The stability of complexes was studied in water and DMSO at room temperature and 37 °C. The anticancer activity against intestinal Caco-2/TC7 cells was studied
Effect of Selected Truffle-Associated Bacteria and Fungi on the Mycorrhization of Quercus ilex Seedlings with Tuber melanosporum
No full textThe success of truffle cultivation is especially dependent on the quality of truffle-mycorrhized seedlings, which are typically produced in nurseries under aseptic conditions to avoid root colonization by undesired ectomycorrhizal fungi. However, such practices may also eliminate beneficial microorganisms that could support truffle symbiosis and improve seedling quality. In this study, twelve endophytic bacterial and fungal strains, isolated from the Tuber melanosporum environment (gleba tissue, mycorrhizae and truffle brûlé), were tested for their effect on T. melanosporum mycorrhization levels in inoculated Quercus ilex seedlings under nursery conditions. Co-inoculation with a strain of Agrobacterium tumefaciens significantly enhanced root colonization by T. melanosporum, supporting its potential role as mycorrhizal helper bacterium. In contrast, a strain of Trichoderma harzianum negatively affected mycorrhization. The remaining strains did not show significant effects on seedling mycorrhization or seedling growth. Our findings support the hypothesis that specific bacterial strains associated with truffles can act as mycorrhizal helper bacteria, highlighting the potential for co-inoculation strategies to enhance quality of truffle-inoculated seedlings in nurseries. However, further research is needed to gain a deeper understanding of the interactions within the mycorrhizosphere that could contribute to improving nursery seedling quality
Craniodental anatomy of the hornless rhinocerotid Chilotherium schlosseri (Mammalia, Perissodactyla) from the Late Miocene of Samos Island, Greece
No full textThe fossiliferous sites of Samos Island are of major importance amidst the numerous Turolian localities of Greece, partly because it is the type locality of two hornless rhinocerotids, Chilotherium schlosseri and Eochilotherium samium . For more than a century, the island has been excavated by Greek and international teams, leading to a dispersal of fossils in a plethora of museums around the World. In the present work, the entirety of the craniodental material of Chilotherium schlosseri available in different European and American collections is examined for the first time. Additionally, we compared the material to various Chilotherium species from the Late Miocene of Eurasia. A number of diagnostic characters are herein established for C. schlosseri: the markedly depressed frontal and nasal region, the widely separated parietal crests, the complicated enamel folds and the presence of enamel plications on the permanent upper dentition. In terms of morphology, the species that is phenotypically closest to C. schlosseri appears to be C. orlovi from the Late Miocene of Kazakhstan. Both species seem to be more distantly related to the other Samian chilothere, E. samium
Goal! What happens before and after the goal? The demands of competition before and after a goal are different from the average match
No full textThe objectives were: 1) compare the external load before and after a goal with average match demands, and 2) analyze differences in response of players pre and post goal scored and conceded. 23 official matches of twenty-two youth professional soccer players (age = 20.6 ± 1.8 years, weight = 73.0 ± 7.1 kg, and height = 1.80 ± 7.4 m) were monitored. With Global Positioning System (GPS) were obtained the Distance Covered (DC), DC >21 km·h−1, DC >24 km·h−1, Player Load, accelerations and decelerations (±2–3 m·s−2 and ±3 m·s−2) during the mean of the matches (Team) and in the 5 and 10 min before (Pre5 and Pre10) and after (Post5 and Post10) the goals scored and conceded. DC >24 km·h−1 was higher to the Team in all periods independently of the goal status (p ≤ 0.05). Similarly, Team showed lower DC >21 km·h−1 than Pre5 in goals scored and Post5 in goals conceded (p ≤ 0.05). DC, Player Load (except, Pre10), as well as much of the accelerations and decelerations periods were reduced when the goal was conceded (p ≤ 0.05). Similarly, accelerations and decelerations were reduced in Post5 when the goal was scored, including accelerations between 2–3 m·s−2 in Post10 and higher than 3 m·s−2 in Pre5 (p ≤ 0.05). Comparing the same period of scoring or conceding a goal, small differences were observed with higher values during goals scored (p ≤ 0.05). Around goal moments, players’ external load change compared to the match average, varying depending on whether the goal is scored or conceded, and the period analyzed
Enseñar el Holocausto
No full textTratar el Holocausto en las aulas supone un ejercicio de estudio y memoria que fomenta valores fundamentales para la convivencia, como la tolerancia y la empatía, y alimenta la actitud contra el racismo y la discriminación, tan necesarios en nuestra sociedad actual, de cara a nutrir de argumentos a una ciudadanía crítica; a la vez que se realiza un verdadero esfuerzo didáctico para evitar el negacionismo o la trivialización, tanto desde la educación formal como desde la no formal. Así, este libro aporta el necesario contexto histórico, recursos para su estudio y análisis, el debate sobre temas controvertidos y patrimonio en conflicto, y varias iniciativas pedagógicas convenientes para su enseñanza
Aplicación móvil para la estimulación cognitiva diaria.
Get PDFEn este trabajo se ha desarrollado una aplicación para smartphones y tablets diseñada para proporcionar un conjunto de ejercicios interactivos orientados a la estimulación cognitiva, enfocándose en estimular áreas clave como la memoria, atención, lenguaje y razonamiento; y adaptándose especialmente a personas con síndrome de Down que presentan la enfermedad de Alzheimer. La aplicación integra un total de nueve ejercicios interactivos, diseñados con interfaces limpias, instrucciones simplificadas y tutoriales integrados que permiten a los usuarios comprender y ejecutar las tareas sin dificultad. Las actividades utilizan interacciones básicas como pulsar, arrastrar o introducir números sencillos, y emplean un sistema de dificultad dinámica que adapta la complejidad de los ejercicios según el desempeño del usuario. Además, la aplicación ofrece funcionalidades específicas para cuidadores o responsables, incluyendo un sistema de seguimiento del progreso, selección de ejercicios y ajuste de la frecuencia de uso.<br /