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Cross-contextual Temporal Analysis : Experiences with Collaborative Analyses of Qualitative Longitudinal Data from Four Countries
No full textThis chapter introduces the method of cross-contextual temporal analysis, a way of analyzing vast longitudinal data sets by paying attention simultaneously to the synchronic scope of the material and to the longitudinal changes and continuities. The method is particularly suited for carrying cross-national comparative analyses with qualitative data. It further enhances the methodology of case-analysis, which has become a popular method of organizing and analyzing qualitative longitudinal data over the last two decades. The chapter critically reflects on the tendency of qualitative longitudinal research to favor individual case histories over synchronic, contextual, and cross-sectional analysis. The methodology is presented in detail by using as an example of the project The Future of Nordic Youth in Rural Regions: A Cross-national Qualitative Longitudinal Study in Four Nordic Countries (Funore), which has involved qualitative longitudinal data from 196 young people, living in nine different geographical locations in four Nordic countries, collected over a time span of ten years. The methodology is based on the principles of first mapping and compressing, and then unpacking and elaborating: first reducing and structuring the qualitative data so that we could compare the key themes, and then elaborating on what we found meaningful, while simultaneously privileging both individual and community narratives. The chapter concludes with discussing different possibilities of using the method and the consequences of those choices.peerReviewe
Uniqueness and nonuniqueness of p-harmonic Green functions on weighted R and metric spaces
No full textWe study uniqueness of p-harmonic Green functions in domains Ω in a complete metric space equipped with a doubling measure supporting a p-Poincaré inequality, with 1<p><∞. For bounded domains in unweighted Rn, the uniqueness was shown for the p-Laplace operator Δp and all p by Kichenassamy and Véron (1986) [25], while for p = 2 it is an easy consequence of the linearity of the Laplace operator Δ. Beyond that, uniqueness is only known in some particular cases, such as in Ahlfors p-regular spaces, as shown by Bonk et al. (2022) [10]. When the singularity x0 has positive p capacity, the Green function is a particular multiple of the capacitary potential for capp({x0},Ω) and is therefore unique. Here we give a sufficient condition for uniqueness in metric spaces, and provide an example showing that the range of p for which it holds (while x0 has zero p-capacity) can be a nondegenerate interval. In the opposite direction, we give the first example showing that uniqueness can fail in metric spaces, even for p = 2.</p>peerReviewe
Identifying key components for multiobjective forest management decisions: A case study of state-owned Finnish forests
No full textFinland’s state-owned forests provide multiple public values, including timber production, biodiversity conservation, and recreational use, often leading to trade-offs between conflicting objectives. The use of multiobjective optimization (MOO) helps navigate these trade-offs, but its effectiveness depends on how well the problem is formulated. While MOO studies in forest management typically focus on solving optimization models, they often overlook the crucial problem structuring phase. This study addresses that gap by identifying the key components required to formulate an MOO problem, based on perspectives from stakeholders and decision makers involved in Finnish state-owned forest management.
Using semi-structured interviews with 20 participants, we identified six essential themes for MOO formulation: objective functions, decision options, constraints, available data, evaluation of objective functions, as well as uncertainty and risks. These themes reflect both commonly modeled components, such as timber production and economic returns, and less frequently integrated considerations, including biodiversity, recreational values, and risks associated with climate change and forest disturbances.
Our findings contribute a replicable participatory approach for eliciting MOO components through the engagement of stakeholders and decision makers. By highlighting the importance of problem structuring, the study supports the development of more transparent, context-sensitive, and acceptable MOO models. Engaging participants in this early phase reveals a broader range of forest management priorities than typically represented in conventional MOO models, offering opportunities for improved decision support in public forest governance.peerReviewe
The longitudinal interplay of print exposure and auditory brain responses in the prediction of reading skills
No full textAuditory brain responses’ longitudinal interplay with print exposure and their predictive effects on reading skills were examined in a sample followed from age 4 to 10 years. Print exposure was represented by parent–child shared reading and children’s independent print exposure, whereas speech and non-speech stimuli were used to evoke brain responses (N250). We also examined the roles of familial risk (parental dyslexia) and parental education in the path models. The results suggested significant links between print exposure and brain responses to speech. A reciprocal association existed between independent print exposure and brain responses to speech, whereas unidirectional path was found from non-speech brain responses to independent print exposure. Independent print exposure in turn predicted subsequent reading fluency. Increased Parent-child shared reading at the onset of formal literacy schooling was associated with more negative brain responses to speech stimuli. Family risk for dyslexia predicted poorer reading accuracy and fluency, and the effect did not run via print exposure or brain responses. These results suggest significant longitudinal associations between brain responses to auditory stimuli, print exposure, and reading outcomes implicating evidence for the brain-environment association. The precise underlying mechanisms require further investigation.peerReviewe
Non-Barluenga-type iodine(I) complexes
No full textThe [N···I···N]+, Barluenga-type motif was the first halogen(I) motif to be realised in the 1960s, but it wasn't until decades later that these iodine(I) complexes were elevated from group 17 novelties to synthetically useful reagents. In much the same way, other halogen(I) motifs have been overlooked and are only now beginning to stand in the limelight. This review intends to discuss the recent developments of non-Barluenga-type iodine(I) complexes, such as neutral O···I···N type complexes, and endeavours to discuss the opportunities they offer in comparison to the far more abundant class of [N···I···N]+ complexes.peerReviewe
Understanding resilience and resistance against sexual harassment in a patri-authoritarian context
No full textThis article adds to the growing body of literature on the #MeToo movement in non-Western contexts. It explores the concept of resilience in the context of workplace sexual harassment in China, drawing on 26 cases from the #MeToo in China Archives (2018–2019). Using thematic analysis, the study examines the actions of the harassed individuals, the support they received, and how they handled and coped with trauma, highlighting how resilience and resistance are shaped within the constraints of a patri-authoritarian context. In such a context, deeply entrenched male-centered ideology and traditional values, coupled with state control and surveillance and limited freedom of expression, create an environment in which sexual harassment is enabled and sustained. Findings reveal that resilience in this context is a dynamic process that unfolds over time. The study demonstrates how resilience can, under shifting structural conditions, evolve into visible acts of resistance. Additionally, resilience is not only externalized through social and political action but also internalized as cognitive resilience, as victim-survivors move beyond internalized self-blame and patriarchal definitions of love and sexuality.peerReviewe
Assouad spectrum of Gatzouras–Lalley carpets
No full textWe study the fine local scaling properties of a class of self-affine fractal sets called Gatzouras–Lalley carpets. More precisely, we establish a formula for the Assouad spectrum of all Gatzouras–Lalley carpets as the concave conjugate of an explicit piecewise-analytic function combined with a simple parameter change. Our formula implies a number of novel properties for the Assouad spectrum not previously observed for dynamically invariant sets; in particular, the Assouad spectrum can be a non-trivial differentiable function on the entire domain (0,1) and can be strictly concave on open intervals. Our proof introduces a general framework for covering arguments using techniques developed in the context of multifractal analysis, including the method of types from large deviations theory and Lagrange duality from optimisation theory.peerReviewe
Politicians beyond the Nation State? From the League of Nations to the European Union
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Neural Evidence for Tonal Prediction : Multivariate Decoding of Predicted Tone Categories Using Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging Data
No full textPredictive processing plays a central role in language comprehension, allowing listeners to generate predictions about upcoming linguistic input. Although considerable evidence supports segmental prediction, less is known about whether listeners can form predictions about suprasegmental features such as lexical tone. This study investigates whether listeners can generate and neurally represent predicted tonal information in the absence of auditory input. Using a Mandarin Chinese tone sandhi paradigm, we established tonal predictions based on sentence and visual context, recording brain activity with functional magnetic resonance imaging. Multivariate pattern analysis showed that predicted tonal categories could be decoded from brain activity even without tonal stimuli present. These representations were localized in auditory areas, articulatory motor regions, and the right cerebellum. We also found that predicted tone representations had distinct neural substrates compared to perceived tone representations. The study provides direct neural evidence that listeners can form representations of lexical tone in predictions of auditory input. The findings expand our understanding of suprasegmental prediction in speech and highlight the cerebellum's role in linguistic prediction.peerReviewe
Innovation pedagogy in management education : Student-centered learning with arts-based methods
No full textArts-based methods (ABMs) encompass the use of visual arts, music, and drama in education. ABMs also foster empathy in management and leadership, as ABMs are linked to the development of cognitive, behavioral, and personal skills. Despite their impactful potential, ABMs remain an understudied methodology in management education. This study addresses this gap by exploring the integration of ABMs into student-centered innovation pedagogy within business and management education. This study investigates the following: 1) the role of ABMs in student-centered learning and 2) the impact of ABMs on the critical skill development of students at the individual, group, and network levels. From a 10-year case study of an innovation management course, our findings reveal that ABMs promote reflection, dialogic learning, and emotional engagement, which enrich students’ understanding of innovation culture. These results advocate the use of ABMs to build the emotional skills necessary for motivating large-scale change and innovation within business contexts.peerReviewe