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Identification Environment, School Identification and School Burnout : Multilevel Models
No full textMost research on well-being in social psychology has focused on individuals. Based on the social identity approach to health, we examined how the average strength of social identification within a group—a measure of the ‘identification environment’—affects group members’ burnout symptoms and moderates the association between their social identification and burnout. We analysed these issues using two samples of lower-secondary-school-age learners (2017: N = 678 schools, 71,392 learners; 2019: N = 704 schools, 85,989 learners). In both years, decreased school identification (i.e., individual level) and weaker identification environment (i.e., group level) were related to increased school burnout. At the individual level, the associations were curvilinear. Furthermore, the identification environment moderated this association in 2019. Our findings underline the importance of the identification environment for well-being and highlight that the social cure process operates at the group level, with the identification environment seemingly protecting against burnout over and above individual school identification.peerReviewe
Validation of the Parental Reflective Functioning Questionnaire in Finnish mothers and fathers of toddlers
No full textParental reflective functioning (PRF) is important in guiding parenting behavior. It is traditionally measured with interviews that are relatively time-consuming. A self-report measure of PRF, the Parental Reflective Functioning Questionnaire (PRFQ), has been developed but has not yet been extensively validated across different sociocultural contexts. The aim of this study was to examine the factorial structure of the PRFQ in a community-based first-time parent sample in Finland. We further examined the associations between PRFQ scales and parental demographic features, depression, emotional availability (EA) in parent-child relationships, and representations of the child. The sample comprised 355 mothers and 108 fathers and was part of a larger longitudinal study. Data were collected by an online questionnaire at the child age of 2 years. PRF was measured with PRFQ, parental depression with Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression, parent-child interaction quality with Emotional Availability Self-Report, and parental representations of the child with a modified adjective list developed in conjunction with the Interview of Maternal/Paternal Representations. Our results showed that the factor structure of PRFQ was similar to the original sample, and parental demographics, depression, and parenting variables were associated with the PRF scales in an expected manner, supporting the validity of PRFQ across different cultures.peerReviewe
Teacher student-specific self-efficacy and its impact on students’ academic self-concept, emotional well-being and social inclusion
No full textThis study investigates the impact of teachers' student-specific self-efficacy (S-S TSE) on students' perceptions of inclusion, specifically emotional well-being, social inclusion, and academic self-concept, over time. Participants were 42 teachers and 576 students in Austrian inclusive classrooms. Teachers rated S-S TSE using a short form of the Teacher Sense of Efficacy Scale for each student. Students completed the Perceptions of Inclusion Questionnaire (PIQ). Confirmatory factor analyses supported scale validity. All three student outcomes correlated positively with higher S-S TSE. Special educational needs (SEN) status moderated the relationship between S-S TSE and emotional well-being, but not between S-S TSE and social inclusion or academic self-concept.peerReviewe
Hormone Profiles After Planned Low Energy Availability Exposure in Naturally Menstruating and Hormonal Contraceptive Using Physique Athletes
No full textThis observational study investigated the potential influence of hormonal contraceptive (HC) use on selected hormonal biomarkers (estradiol, total testosterone, IGF-1, cortisol, triiodothyronine, and leptin) that respond to diet and physical training–induced low energy availability (LEA). Thirty-six female physique athletes—combined HC users (n = 11), low-dose progestin-only HC users (n = 11), and naturally menstruating females (n = 14)—prepared for a physique competition. All participants voluntarily restricted energy intake while simultaneously participating in resistance training to maintain lean mass and aerobic training to increase energy expenditure. Measurements were completed over approximately 46 weeks as follows: before commencing the pre-competition period, including dietary restriction and physical training (pre); after ∼23 weeks of dietary restriction and physical training (post); and after ∼23 weeks of recovery (recovery). Hormones were analyzed from fasting blood samples, whereas body mass, fat mass, fat-free mass, and body fat percentage were measured using bioimpedance. Our main findings established that after ∼23 weeks of LEA, concentrations of estradiol and total testosterone remained stable in the combined HC users but decreased significantly in progestin-only HC users and naturally menstruating females. Serum IGF-1, triiodothyronine, and leptin decreased comparably from pre to post in all groups, whereas serum cortisol concentrations remained statistically unchanged throughout the investigation. These results indicate that the exogenous hormones in combined HCs users may maintain already suppressed hypothalamic–pituitary–ovarian axis function in the presence of LEA, whereas LEA-induced changes in IGF-1, triiodothyronine, and leptin may be comparable in combined and progestin-only HC users and naturally menstruating females.peerReviewe
Räjähtävistä petäjistä puiden puhutteluun : monitasoisia näkökulmia elokuvien metsiin
No full textnonPeerReviewe
How Do 13–16-Year-Olds Understand AI? : A Topic Modeling Study of Swedish Students’ Perceptions
No full textAs artificial intelligence (AI) becomes increasingly embedded in everyday life and educational systems, understanding how students conceptualize AI is essential for designing responsive and inclusive AI literacy curricula. This study investigates the perceptions of AI among Swedish students aged 13–16, using a qualitative survey instrument comprising background questions and five open-ended questions adapted from previous research on student conceptions of AI. Using a BERT-based topic modelling approach, we analyzed responses from 75 students, identifying nine key themes that reflect how students think about, relate to, and emotionally react to AI technologies. The identified topics, ranging from functional views of AI as a tool or helper, to more anthropomorphic notions like robots and AI being "just like" humans, to expressions of uncertainty and mixed emotions, highlight the diversity and complexity of student perceptions. We compare these findings with previous data collected in Azerbaijan to examine cultural and contextual differences in the way young learners understand AI. This research contributes to the growing body of work on AI literacy by providing evidence-based insights into student conceptions and the sociocultural shaping of AI understanding.peerReviewe
Sublethal Effects of Microplastics Sourced from Polypropylene Agricultural Plastics on Four Soil Invertebrate Species
No full textThe increasing use of agricultural plastics (APs) and resulting accumulation of microplastics (MPs) in soils potentially affects soil organisms. This study assessed the effects of polypropylene MPs derived from commonly used black ribbon and white fleece mulching fabrics on four soil invertebrates. Animals were exposed to MP concentrations of 0.005% - 5% in Lufa 2.2 soil to assess effects on survival, reproduction (Enchytraeus crypticus, Folsomia candida) and behavior (Eisenia andrei, Porcellio scaber). Both MP types dose-relatedly decreased soil bulk density, and increased soil water holding capacity at high concentrations. The MPs from white fleece mulching fabric also increased soil pH at all concentrations tested. Reproduction was affected more by MPs from black ribbon fabric than from white fleece mulching fabric, significantly affecting enchytraeids at 1% and 5%, and at 5%, respectively, and springtails only at 5% for the black ribbon fabric MPs. Earthworms avoided soil at 5% of the first or 0.5% and 5% of the second MP type. Isopods seemed attracted, but also showed different walking behavior at 5% of black ribbon fabric MPs. MPs derived from commonly used APs were shown to affect soil properties at low concentrations and the reproduction and behavior of soil invertebrates.peerReviewe
Tekoälyn vaikutus phishing-hyökkäyksiin ja deepfakeihin ja niiltä suojautumiseen
No full textTässä kandidaatin tutkielmassa tutkitaan tekoälyn vaikutuksia kyberturvallisuuteen phishing-hyökkäysten ja deepfake-huijausten osalta. Tutkimus suoritetaan kirjallisuuskatsauksena käyttäen lähdeaineistona vertaisarvioituja artikkeleita aiheesta. Tutkimuksessa analysoidaan kerättyä lähdeaineistoa vuosilta 2020-2025 ja aineiston avulla tutkitaan miten tekoäly vaikuttaa kyberuhkien syntyyn sekä kyberuhkilta suojautumiseen. Saatujen tulosten mukaan voidaan todeta tekoälyn tehostavan kyberuhkien luontia. Phishing-hyökkäysten ja deepfakejen määrä on noussut tekoälyn yleistymisen myötä. Tekoälyä hyödyntämällä hyökkääjät pystyvät aiempaa matalammalla tietotaidolla luoda ja suorittaa hyökkäyksiä ja lisäksi tekoäly on tehnyt uhkien tunnistamisesta vaikeampaa. Nopea kehitys tekoälyn käytössä ja sen avoimuus kaikille on nostanut kyberuhkien määrää viime vuosina ja tästä johtuen puolustuksen on parannuttava. Kyberturvallisuuden kannalta tekoäly on tärkeässä roolissa toimivien ja tehokkaiden tunnistustyökalujen kehittämisessä. Aineiston pohjalta todettiin tekoälyn tehostavan uhkien tunnistusta ja mahdollistavan yli 90 % tarkkuuden phishing-hyökkäysten tunnistamisessa. Tekoälyllä todettiin myös olevan kriittinen rooli, sillä aineiston pohjalta huomattiin että perinteiset kyberturvallisuuden ratkaisut eivät enää riitä torjumaan uusia ja jatkuvasti kehittyviä uhkia.This Bachelor’s thesis investigates the effects of Artificial Intelligence (AI) on cybersecurity, focusing specifically on phishing attacks and deepfake fraud. The research is conducted as a systematic literature review (SLR), utilizing peer-reviewed articles on the subject as source material. The gathered literature from 2020–2025 is analyzed to examine how AI influences both the creation of cyber threats and defense against them. The results indicate that AI enhances the creation of cyber threats. The number of phishing attacks and deepfakes has increased with the proliferation of AI. By leveraging AI, attackers are able to create and execute attacks with a lower level of expertise than before. Further-more, AI has made threat detection more challenging. The rapid development and widespread accessibility of AI have increased the volume of cyber threats in recent years, necessitating improvements in defense strategies.
AI plays an important role in developing functional and effective detection tools for cybersecurity. Based on the analyzed material, AI was found to significantly enhance threat detection, enabling over 90% accuracy in identifying phishing attacks. AI was also determined to have a critical role, as the literature indicated that traditional cybersecurity solutions are no longer sufficient to counter the new and constantly evolving threats
1H, 13C, and 15N resonance assignment of the C terminal region of the disordered postsynaptic scaffold protein GKAP
No full textGuanylate kinase-associated protein, GKAP, is a largely disordered scaffold protein with multiple interaction partners, playing a role in the organization of the postsynaptic protein network. Its C-terminus contains a binding motif for the PDZ domain of Shank proteins, another class of postsynaptic scaffolds. Based on predictions, this motif is preceded by a ~ 40-residue disordered segment with no known additional binding sites or established functional role. Here we report the expression, purification, and 1H, 13C and 15N resonance assignment of the GKAP Ct43 construct containing the C-terminal 43 residues. This region is functionally intact, having a binding affinity to Shank1 PDZ in the micromolar range. Chemical shifts indicate that this region is indeed disordered but displays helical propensity in two regions. The short, slightly helical segment immediately before a PDZ-binding motif is somewhat comparable to the structural organization observed at the C-terminus of the E6 and RSK1 proteins, but its significance in GKAP is yet to be explored.peerReviewe
"Olen saanut oikeuden pilata terveyteni" : päihteiden ja päihteidenkäyttäjien representaatiot Raita Jauhiaisen dystopiasarjassa Allianssi.125. Hirunda
No full textKandidaatintutkielmassa analysoidaan fiktiivisten päihteiden ja päihteidenkäyttäjien representaatioita Raita Jauhiaisen dystopiasarjassa Allianssi.125. Hirunda (2011, 2013). Analyysin kohteena on myös päihteidenkäyttäjiin liittyvät asenteet. Aineistona toimii sarjan kaksi ensimmäistä osaa.
Aineistossa nimetään neljä fiktiivistä päihdettä: durratiini, ykskolmeseiska, N1014 ja Gesnerini. Durratiinin nimi viittaa kirjodurran, joista tuotetaan baijiua, kiinalaista väkijuomaa. Durratiini on stigmatisoitu päihde, sillä se mielletään nollien, yhteiskunnan ulkopuolelle häädettyjen, päihteeksi. Ykskolmeseiskan nimi viittaa kofeiinin tieteelliseen nimeen: 1,3,7-trimetyyliksantiini. Ykskolmeseiska on muita päihteitä sallitumpi. N1014:n nimellä ei ole ilmiselvää taustaa, mutta iso N-kirjain viittaa mahdollisesti typpeen, joka on yleinen alkuaine välittäjäaineissa. N1014 mielletään myös nollien käyttämäksi päihteeksi. Gesnerini on rauhoittava lääke, jota on muiden rauhoittavien lääkkeiden tavoin mahdollista käyttää päihteenä. Lääkkeen nimi viittaa Gesneriakasvien heimoon, johon kuuluvia kasveja on käytetty synnytyksen jälkeen lääkkeenä.
Päihteidenkäyttäjät voidaan jakaa viiteen ryhmään sen mukaan, kuinka heihin suhtaudutaan. Kaikkien nollien uskotaan käyttävän päihteitä. Keltakaartilaisilta päihteidenkäyttö on täysin kiellettyä, mutta ykskolmeseiskaa ei lasketa päihteeksi siinä. Tavallisten kansalaisten päihteidenkäytön pelätään yleistyvän. Vain ansioituneiden ja naisten päihdeongelmia hoidetaan