Biology, Medicine, & Natural Product Chemistry
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The Effect Of Intensive Keramba On The Presence Of Parasite Organisms In Rivers Of Lingsar Area
Get PDFThe application of intensive keramba in rivers could affect the presence of parasite organisms throughout the river downstream. The aims of this research are to find out the diversity of parasite species and the effect of intensive aquaculture method developed by the community on the presence of various parasitic organisms, particularly in the downstream area. A total of 65 Tilapia fish samples (O. niloticus) that was collected from 3 areas ( 15 samples from upstream, 25 samples in keramba and 25 samples from downstream areas) have been examined in the laboratory of Faculty of Mathematic and Natural Science, University of Mataram. Methods employed to identify parasites that infected fish samples are native method and flotation method. This research has identified 7 species of parasites which were divided into 2 groups: ectoparasites (Trichodina sp., Amylodinium sp., Oogonium sp., Dactylogirus sp., Trematode) and endoparasites (Entamoeba sp. dan Camallanus sp.). Diversity index calculation indicated that parasite organisms in upstream area were lower in number than that in the downstream and intensive karamba area (H’= (0,825; 1,596 dan 1.324 respectively). These data has showed there was a difference in species diversity and evenness index of parasite organisms in the upstream, downstream and intensive keramba area. In conclusion, there was significant influence of the application of intensive keramba on the appearance of various parasite organisms that could affect the sustainability of fish aquaculture
Larvicidal Activity of A Mixture of Cashew Nut Shell Liquid and Water-Soluble Extract of Soap Nut Fruit (Sapindus rarak DC.) Against 3rd Instar Larvae of Aedes aegypti
Get PDFCashew Nut Shell Liquid (CNSL) which has been known as a waste of processing cashew fruits which is contain phenolic compounds have activity as larvicides. Cashew nut shell liquid is not soluble in the water where the larvae grow. Cashew nut shell liquid mixed with water-soluble extract of soapnut fruit which serves as a natural surfactant that can emulsify oil in water. The test subjects were larvae of Aedes aegypti third instar. Test subjects were divided into treatment group and control group. In the treatment group, test subjects were the mixture of CNSL and Ethylacetat Soluble Extract (ESE) in tap water. The Larvae mortality observations were done 24 hours after the treatment. LC50 and LC90 as final test data were analyzed using probit analysis. Extract constituents   of CNSL and Water Soluble Extract of SoapNut fruit (WSEoSN) were  investigated using Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC) method. The effect of CNSL as larvicides against third instar larvae of Ae. aegypti with were LC50 of 14,12 ppm, while the LC90 of 24,85 ppm
Medicinal Plants: A Prospect in Developing Male Fertility Enhancing Agent
Get PDFMedicinal plants have been a revolutionary breakthrough in the treatment of male sexual dysfunction. Traditional medicine based on a holistic philosophy is quite different with the practice of “western†medicine. Phytochemical substances focus their mechanisms of healing to the root of cause, i.e. the inability of controlling the proper function of the whole body system. Hence, medicinal plants manage sexual dysfunction and male fertility in the frame of sexual dysfunction as a whole entity. Some previous researches prove that the use of medicinal plants have a good impact in the treatment of a variety of male sexual problems. This paper will discuss several important aspects of aphrodisiac plants and preliminary study regarding them in Indonesia. Difficulties inherent to activity guided isolation and the specific requirements of bioassays are also discussed
Antioxidant Potential of Black, Green and Oolong Tea Methanol Extracts
Get PDFDegenerative diseasesandchronicdiseasesare oftencausedbyoxidativestress. Oxidative stress caused by free radicals. Antixodant as inhibitor are needed to prevent it which is one of antioxidant sources is tea. Tea processinggenerally produce various kinds of teas such as black, green and oolong tea. Tea processing affect thecontent ofphenolic compounds. The aim of the research is to evaluate phytochemical content, totalphenolic content of blacktea, green tea andoolongtea extracts using catechin, quercetin, kaempferol, myricetin as standard, and to evaluate the antioxidative potency of black tea, green tea and oolong tea extracts compared to catechin, quercetin, kaempferol, myricetin. Phytochemical assay using modified Farnsworth method, the antioxidant activity were measured by  by its 1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazyl (DPPH) scavenging activity. Green tea extract contained highest phenolic and flavonoid.  The highest antioxidant activity was green tea extract with IC50=0,487μg/mL. Green tea extract content phenol and flavonoid are higher compared to the other extracts, green tea extract has the highest antioxidant activity
Krokot Extract (Portulaca Oleracea. L) as Natural Light-harvesting pigments for Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells (DSSCs) : Influence of Dye Acidity
Get PDFDye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) was fabricated using natural dyes extracted from krokot (Portulaca Oleracea. L). The effect of dye acidity was investigated on natural pH extract, 5.00, 4.00 and 3.00 of pH. The efficiency and stability DSSCs as a function of the dye acidity was studied. The result of the UV-Vis shows that the absorption of wave-length from dye extract of krokot is located in the visible region with the absorbance peak in 410.5 nm and 664.5 nm which are the peak of chlorophyll. The efficiency of extract krokot dye sensitized solar cells was decreasing 6.88 x 10-3 % to 0.42 x 10-3 % when pH of the dye was adjusted from 6.27 to 3.00. DSSCs stability was also decreased look for efficiency loss from 5.27% to 97.49% in the same conditions
Krokot (Portulaca oleracea L) As a Natural Sensitizer for TiO2 Dye-sensitized Solar Cells: The Effect of Temperature Extract
Get PDFThe solar cell is formed by a sandwich structure, in which two electrodes flank the primary electrolyte that is containing redox I-/based on PEG (Polyethylene Glycol). The working-electrode which is TiO2 layer on an ITO glass substrate is sensitized with krokot dye as the electron donor. The counter electrode is a layer of carbon. The fabrication cell is immersed with the krokot dye with 40°C, 50°C, 60°C extract temperature. The result of the UV-Vis shows that the absorption of wave-length from dye extract of krokot is located in the visible region with the absorbance peak in 420,5 nm and 665,5 nm which are the peak of chlorophyll. For the UV-Vis solid system, there are the highest band gap  in 50°C extract temperature that make the capability of absorption toward UV spectrum is large. Furthermore, in the functional group analysed by FT-IR, there are shiften-carbonil and hydroxyl group after they are sensitized. From the current and voltage test with I-V meter keithley 2400 is resulted that on the 50°C extract temperature produces the highest efficiency of reaches which is 2.63 x 10-3 %
A Simple and Practical Method for Rat Epididymal Sperm Count (Rattus norvegicus)
Get PDFoai:ojs.sciencebiology.org:article/23Sperm sample from epididymal source can be determined its number using minimal amount of equipment. These method will aid researcher and practitioner in sperm quality analysis to determined sperm number rapidly and practically
Larvicidal Effect of Vinca Fruit Extract (Vinca rosea) Against Aedes aegypti Larvae and Secondary Metabolites Profile by Thin Layer Chromatography
Get PDFBackground: Vinca rosea is known contain alkaloids, it was usually used to treat various diseases. Alkaloids from Vinca leaves are also already known have larvicidal activity. Based on this toxicological activity, the fruit of Vinca rosea was selected to investigation its larvicidal activity against the 3rd instar larvae of the mosquito vector of dengue haemorrhagic fever (DHF) Aedes aegypti. Five concentrations of Vinca fruit extract were tested against the 3rd instar Aedes aegypti larvae. The different larval mortality percentages were recorded after 24 hours. Lethal concentration (LC50 anf LC90) of Vinca fruit extract were calculated using Probit analysis. Phytochemical compounds of ethanolic extract also investigated using Thin layer Chromatography (TLC). LC50 and LC90 values of fruit extract were 2.987 mg/ml and 32.861 mg/ml. Alkaloids were detected in extract