Biology, Medicine, & Natural Product Chemistry
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Brittle Bone Brothers: Osteogenesis Imperfecta Conventional Serial Case
Get PDFOsteogenesis Imperfecta is a hereditary connective tissue disorder due to COL1A1/2 mutation causing gene defect encoding proteins to metabolize collagen. The skeletal manifestation of OI causing bone incompetence, hence the name brittle bone disease. Here we report three cases of OI type IV in adults. Skeletal conventional X-rays were performed to all patients and all of them has similar results such as bowing deformities of long bones, old union and some non-union fractures with extreme angulation and severe osteoporosis. OI are classified based on skeletal structure, sclera colorization, dentinogenesis, and functional metabolic defect genetically. OI type I and IV can live until adults; also, the same type of OI can be found in siblings. Skeletal conventional X-rays can solely make the diagnosis
Toxicological Effects of Ethanolic Stem Bark Extract of Xylopia Aethiopica on Testicular Oxidative Stress Markers and Histology of Male Rats
Get PDFImpairment in testicular function can occur through perturbations in testicular oxidative stress markers and histology. Xylopia aethiopica (XE) is used to enhance fertility in males, but with information gap on its effect on testicular oxidative stress markers and histology. The present study assessed the effects of ethanolic stem bark extract of Xylopia aethiopica (EEXA) on testicular oxidative stress markers and histology of male albino rats. Sixty adult male albino rats (200g-250g) were randomly grouped into 4 (A-D) of 15 rats per group. The rats in the control group A (A1-A3) were administered per oral (p.o) with water (0.2 mL/day) for 15, 30 and 60 days respectively. The rats in groups B (B1-B3), C(C1-C3) and D (D1-D3) were administered p.o with EEXA (200, 400 and 800 mg/kg/day) for 15, 30 and 60 days respectively. The rats were anesthetized at the termination of EEXA administration and were dissected and testes removed. The testes were weighed and evaluated for oxidative stress markers and histology. Testicular weights were decreased in a dose and-time dependent fashion in EEXA-treated rats. Significant decreases in testicular superoxide dismutase, glutathione, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase levels with significant increases in malondialdehyde levels in a dose and time-dependent fashion were observed in rats administered with EEXA. Testicular histology showed cellular necrosis, degeneration and loss of interstitial tissues in rats administered with EEXA. This study observed that EEXA perturbed testicular oxidative markers and histology. Its use may impair testicular function
Cover, Editorial Board, Guidance for Authors, & Table of Contents | Vol. 9 No. 1 April 2020
No full textCover, Editorial Board, Guidance for Authors, & Table of Contents | Vol. 9 No. 2 October 2020
No full textThe Role of Gene Therapy in the Treatments of Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus: a review
Get PDFThe main aims of this review were to understand the roles of gene therapy in the treatment and prevention of type 1 diabetes mellitus and I will discuss a brief history, approaches, vector types with the future of diabetes following clinical use. Type 1 diabetes mellitus is a metabolic condition that is identified by insufficient insulin development due to pancreatic damage to beta cells. Control, long life, and diagnosis of these metabolic disorders have become vital sources for many scientists and researchers. After 2000, the latest approaches to molecular medicine were introduced as one of the possible therapeutic options for diabetes type 1 diagnosis. Many genes have been reported as a clinical trial so that damaged genes can be treated and three main approaches shown about 50 years ago are islet transplantation, β cell regeneration, and insulin gene therapy to cure and prevent diabetes type. Treating diabetes through gene therapy can promise children and adolescents, but more clinical applications are needed to recognize it as a permanent route
Non-Alkaloidal Compounds from Khat (Catha edulis) Leaves
Get PDFKhat belongs to the family Celastraceae, genus Catha, and species edulis. More than 200 compounds have previously been identified in Khat leaves, including: 40 alkaloids, terpenoids and sterol, flavonoids, glycosides, tannins, amino acids, vitamins and minerals. Researchers have spent their effort and time merely on study of the alkaloidal components (mainly the stimulant agents, cathinone and cathine) of Khat both qualitatively and quantitatively. The two principal Khat stimulant compounds, cathinone and cathine, by now are well established. But, on the contrary, previous studies on the non-alkaloidal constituents of the plant were limited. The objective of this work was therefore to isolate and characterize compounds from non-alkaloidal fractions of the plant’s leaves. In this work, two non-alkaloidal compounds (KNA-1 and KNA-2) were isolated and characterized from the acid-EtOAc extract of fresh and oven-dried leaves of Khat (Catha edulis). From the present study, it is possible to conclude that investing more effort and time on searching additional non-alkaloidal principles from the leaves of Khat is so necessary. And further works could be done in the future to isolate extra non-alkaloidal compounds from the leaves and other parts of Khat and evaluate their biological activity
A Chemical Overview of Azanza garckeana
Get PDFAzanza garckeana is a popular fruit tree in Nigeria, specifically in Gombe State, where it is locally called ‘goron tula’ which means ‘Kola of Tula’. It is also found in part of some African countries. Different plant part of this small tree/shrub has recorded different uses by the locals; uses ranging from its fruits being edible and others parts helping to remedy different diseases, especially sexually related diseases. It also records use as booster for sexual performance. The uses of the plant are majorly attributed to the presence of chemicals. Its local use initiates the necessity of this review to enhance the research for drug discovery since Chemicals are the chief constituencies responsible for its medicinal importance
Isolation and Characterization of Stigmasterol from Fritillaria roylei
Get PDFFritillaria roylei (Kshirakakoli) is the threatened species of “Ashtwarga†group suffers lot of confusion for identification & authentification in Ayurvedic system of medicine. Due to lack of natural sources and insufficient availability of kshirakakoli, chances of adulteration and substitution increases which in turn leads to loss of faith of people in herbal drugs. Thus for identification and differentiation, quality standardization and quality assurance of kshirakakoli containing herbal formulations there is a need to isolate chemical marker compound using advanced analytical techniques. The methanol extract of root samples of plant was prepared and phytochemical screening was performed. Marker compound was isolated from the extract using column chromatography. Single compound having Rf value 0.31 was isolated with TLC by using mobile phase n-hexane: ethyl acetate: formic acid (8:2:0.1 v/v/v) and purified by re-crystallization with methanol. Isolated compound was further characterized by using melting point and spectral analysis. The methanol extract was dark brown in color and showed the presence of steroids, amino acids and flavonoids. The isolated compound was found to be white crystalline powder with melting point range of 167-169°C. Spectral analysis confirmed the presence of Stigmasterol. In present study stigmasterol was isolated for the first time and can be used as chemical marker for identification and differentiation of the plant from its substitutes
A Mathematical Model of the Covid-19 Cases in Indonesia (Under and Without Lockdown Enforcement)
Get PDFCOVID-19 stands for Corona (CO), Virus (VI), Disease (D) and year 2019 (19), which is COVID-19 first appeared in 2019. Mathematical model of covid deployment in Indonesia under and without lockdown case uses the SIRV model, such as Susceptible, Infected, Recovery, and Virus. The results of this model state that under lockdown the spread of COVID-19 could be stopped. If it were not under lockdown it can multiply 1,276 times higher over two months
Analysis of Body Posture using Rapid Entire Body Assessment (REBA) and Rapid Upper Limb Assessment (RULA) to Improve the Posture of Sand Paper Machine Operators and Reduce the Risk of Low Back Pain
Get PDFThe metal casting industry, Nitikan is a micro business whose production process is carried out manually. The equipment used is simple and without considering the user's health. This can be seen in the product finishing process that uses a sanding machine. The equipment is not designed according to the user's posture so the operator bends in doing work movements, of course this is very risky to experience lower back pain injuries. This study aims to analyze the work activities of the finishing process using the Rapid Entire Body Assessment (REBA) and Rapid Upper Limb Assessment (RULA) approach and design work tools that can be applied to improve work posture. The results of data processing and analysis obtained a Rapid Entire Body Assessment score on a sandpaper machine single head of 5 and a Rapid Upper Limb Assessment score of 4, the score indicates that the work position has the potential to experience a risk of low back pain, so there must be an improvement in work posture. Work posture improvement is done by designing a tool in the form of a sandpaper machine that takes into account ergonomic dimensions to reduce the risk of lower back injury. The final result after the improvement is obtained Rapid Entire Body Assessment score of 3 and Rapid Upper Limb Assessment score of 4. This shows that the risk of lower back injuries can be minimized