Biology, Medicine, & Natural Product Chemistry
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Ethnobotanical Survey of Plants Used in The Management of Peptic Ulcer Diseases in Wukari Metropolis
Get PDFPeptic ulcer diseases (PUD) are sores formed in soft tissues present in the lining of the digestive tract as a result of excessive stomach acid or inability of the alimentary tract or stomach to protect itself. The increasing surge for plant based drugs in the management of PUD has increased scientific investigation of herbs and recipes from traditional medicinal practitioners (TMP) to ascertain their efficacy through pharmacological studies. Ethnobotanical survey of plants and recipes from TMP used in the management of PUD in Wukari metropolis, Taraba State, Northeastern Nigeria were documented. A total of twenty (20) TMP located in ten (10) different area of the town were interviewed using a semi structured questioner. Twenty-four (24) plant species from twenty (20) different families and sixteen (16) recipes were documented from the survey. It was observed that plant leaves were mostly used while C. longa (Zingberaceae), M. paradisiaca (Musaceae) had the highest frequency of occurrence in recipes formulation. Therefore, due to the proven efficacy of these herbal recipes as reported from correspondents, there is need for proper documentation, conservation, cultivation and use of these medicinal plants in the management of PUD to avoid them being endangered or going into extinction
Acute Toxicity LD50 Fraction Ethyl Acetate Aquilaria malaccensis, Ficus benjamina, Mikania micrantha, and Fraction Water Cinnamomum burmanii in Mus Musculus
Get PDFResearch on the acute toxicity of LD50 had been carried out on the ethyl acetate fraction of Gaharu leaves (Aquilaria malaccensis), beringin leaves (Ficus benjamina), sembung rambat leaves (Mikania micrantha), and kayu manis cortex (Cinnamomum burmanii) water fraction the base of use as traditional treatment by the Suku Anak Dalam (SAD) empirically obtained from ancestors. This research methodwas experimental and it used male and female mice. The control group was given a 1% NaCMC doses of 625 mg/kg body weight, 1,250 mg/kg body weight, 2,500 mg/kg body weight, and 5,000 mg/kg body weight. The test preparation was administered orally once per day. The Thomson-Weil method was used for the measurement of LD50 values. The weight ratio of organs was applied for heart, liver, lungs, kidneys, and stomach. The results showed that the LD50 value for male mice was 2454mg/kg body weight; 2454mg/kg body weight; 1546 mg/kg body weight and 2065mg/kg body weight respectfully. The LD50 value for female mice was a pseudo LD50. The value of the organ weight ratio in each sample showed P<0.05 values that were obtained in gaharu leaves in the liver and kidney organs (male); heart in females. Beringin leaves value P<0.05 lung organs (male). Sembung rambat leaves P<0.05 values of the heart, liver, and stomach organs (male); heart and stomach (female). Cinnamomum cortex value P<0.05 liver and stomach organs (male). The conclusions showed that the LD50 value of the ethyl acetate fraction of gaharu leaf, sembung rambat leaf, beringin leaf, and kayu manis cortex in male mice was slightly toxic, while in female mice it could not be counted
High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) for Detection of Glucosamine and Chondroitin Sulfate Compounds
Get PDFGlucosamine and chondroitin sulfate are compounds found in shark cartilage (Carcharhinus sorrah). The two compounds have many health benefits, that is wound healing and helping the process of angiogenesis. This study aims to determine the content of glucosamine and chondroitin sulfate compounds in shark cartilage (SC) extract. The method used was High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) with potassium phosphate buffer solution at pH 3. The results of this research were SC extract contained glucosamine and chondroitin sulfate compounds with a retention time of 1.914 minutes
Phytochemical Constituents of F. Sagittifolia Warburg ex Mildbraed & Burret Leaves with Antimicrobial Activity
Get PDFThe leaves and bark of Ficus sagittifolia have been used as a cure for stomach and pulmonary disorders, respectively. The bark is edible and is taken against colic. From the leaves of F. sagittifolia, a steroidal glycoside named Stigmast-5,22-diene-3-O-?-D-glucopyranoside 1 and three isoflavonoids named 5-hydroxy-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-7-methoxy-4H-chromen-4-one 2, 5-hydroxy-3(4-hydroxylphenyl)-8,8-dimethylpyrano[2,3-f]-chromen-4(8H)-one 3 and 5-hydroxy-3-(4-hydroxyphemyl)-8,8-dimethylpyrano[3,2-g}-chromen-4(8H)-one 4 were isolated, and this is the first report of the isolation of these compounds from this plant. The structural elucidation of the compounds was based on 1D and 2D NMR, IR and MS data analyses. Compounds 1 and 2 inhibited the growth of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Aspergillus Niger at 0.0625 mg/mL, respectively while compounds 2 and 4 were active against Helicobacter pylori at 0.0625 mg/mL. These findings corroborate the ethno-medicinal use of F. sagittifolia leaves as a treatment for stomach disorders
The Bioprospecting of Mangrove Red Snapper Cultivation (Lutjanus argentimaculatus Forsskål, 1775) Using Floating Cages
Get PDFMangrove red snapper is one of the potential and valuable aquaculture products. The high demand for this fish causes high fishing activities. This condition can threaten their existence in the environment. It is necessary to have aquaculture activities to preserve their existence and meet market demand. Indonesia as a country with wide marine waters should be able to take advantage of the potential of fish farming by using a floating cage system. Thus, this article was written to analyze the bioprospecting of red snapper aquaculture. Based on the literature study, the floating net system has the potential to be developed on a large scale because the system has various advantages over fishing directly from nature. Things that must be considered in the cultivation of mangrove red snapper using floating nets are the area and quality of the floating nets, the composition of the feed, and the chemical components of the feed given to the fish. Based on economic potential, mangrove red snapper cultivation has high prospects which can be used as one of Indonesia's leading export products
The Triterpenes of Kageneckia oblonga
Get PDFThree known triterpenes were isolated from leaf extracts of Kageneckia oblonga by conventional chromatographic methods: ursolic acid, benthamic acid and a third called Kc-III. The structure of Kc-III was determined by RMN spectroscopy, FT-IT and HR-MS. The compound was identified as fern-7-en-3β-ol (motiol), not previously reported in Kageneckia
Kidney Evaluation in Hyperuricemia Rats Treated with Green Tea Leaves (Camellia sinensis L.) Extract
Get PDFUric acid is an oxidation product of the xanthine oxidase enzyme found in extracellular fluid, and when it exceeds, uric acid will build up and cause hyperuricemia. TNF-α is released by epithelial cells and mesangial cells when inflammation occurs and causes apoptosis in epithelial cells, causing damage to kidney structures and initiating acute kidney poisoning. Green tea extract (Camellia sinensis L.) contains many antioxidants, especially flavonoids with potent antioxidant properties such as lipid peroxidase and free radical absorbers, inhibiting xanthine oxidase. This study expresses the potential of green tea extract on kidney repair caused by HUA. Twenty-four male albino rats (175-225 g) of Wistar strain being fed a high purine diet in 60 consecutive days and divided into six groups randomly, I: negative control, II: positive control, III: allopurinol, IV: green tea extract 150mg of body weight, V: green tea extract 300mg of body weight, and VI: green tea extract 600mg of body weight. Treatment was done for 14 days and measured by total creatinine levels, malondialdehyde levels, and kidney histopathology. The statistical analysis using One Way ANOVA and Post Hoc Tukey analysis by SPSS 23.0 proved that green tea extract with a dose of 600 mg/kg of body weight green could lower levels malondialdehyde of the kidney as much as 58.85% (p0.05), and improved kidney histopathology. This study proved that green tea extract is a promising alternative for hyperuricemia while improving kidney tissues and lowering malondialdehyde and creatinine levels
Liver and Renal Cell Damage Following Excess Bee Honey Consumption in Male Wistar Rat
Get PDFHoney is a widely used natural product with several health benefits. However, there is paucity of information on its excessive usage. The present study investigated the effect of excess honey consumption on hepato-renal functions in male wistar rats. Twenty-eight adult male Wistar rats were selected into four groups (n=7) and treated with distilled water (control) and 1ml, 2ml and 3ml of honey respectively for 5 weeks. Thereafter, the animals were euthanised and blood as well as kidney and liver were collected for further studies. There was a significant increase in Creatinine, Bilirubin, Urea AST, ALP, total protein as well as a significant decrease in RBC, WBC, haemoglobin, lymphocyte and PCV. Histology of the liver and kidney revealed a significant degeneration and necrosis in a dose dependent manner. This study suggest that excess honey consumption causes liver and renal cellular damage as well as haematological alterations
A Mathematical Model of Cervical Cancer Treatment by Radiotherapy Followed by Chemotherapy
Get PDFCervical cancer is the second most common type of malignant tumor found in women aged 15-44 years worldwide. Radiotherapy is one form of treatment that uses radiation that can eliminate or kill cancer cells and one way to treat cervical cancer is quite popular. Chemotherapy is a cancer treatment using anticancer drugs designed to kill or slow the growth of cancer cells that divide rapidly in the body. The method used is to study mathematical model of cervical cancer with radiotherapy and radiotherapy treatment followed by chemotherapy. The results of this study are for the early stages of cervical cancer with radiotherapy is quite effective, while for the late stages of radiotherapy and chemotherapy is less effective. Therefore, the need for other treatments for end-stage cervical cancer in addition to radiotherapy and chemotherapy
Antioxidative Stress and Hepatoprotective Activities of Leaf Extract and Fractions of Setaria megaphylla in Plasmodium berghei Infected Mice
Get PDFSetaria megaphylla (Steud) Dur & Schinz (Poaceae), a perennial grass used traditionally in the treatment of various diseases such as malaria was, investigated for antioxidative stress activity in Plasmodium berghei-infected mice. The leaf extract (200-600 mg/kg) and fractions (hexane, dichloromethane, ethyl acetate and methanol; 400 mg/kg) of S. megaphylla were investigated for antioxidative stress and hepatoprotective activities in Plasmodium berghei-infected mice using a modified suppressive test model. Antioxidative stress and hepatoprotective potentials were assessed by determining oxidative stress markers levels, liver function indices and histopathology of liver. The extract/fractions progressively reduced parasitaemia induced by chloroquine-sensitive P. berghei infection with the methanol fraction exerting the highest activity. The leaf extract and fractions caused significant (p<0.05 – 0.001) increases in the levels of oxidative stress markers enzymes and molecules (SOD, CAT, GPx, GSH) and also reduced MDA level significantly (p<0.05) in the livers of the treated-infected mice. The extract/fractions treatment caused reduction in liver enzymes (ALT, AST and ALP), total and conjugated bilirubin. Histology of livers revealed absence or significant reductions in pathological features in the treated infected mice compared to untreated infected mice. The leaf of S. megaphylla may possess antioxidative stress and hepatoprotective effects which may in part be mediated through the chemical constituents of the plant