Indonesian Journal of Agricultural Science
Not a member yet
198 research outputs found
Sort by
PRINCIPAL COMPONENT ANALYSIS OF FACTORS DETERMINING PHOSPHATE ROCK DISSOLUTION ON ACID SOILS
Get PDFMany of the agricultural soils in Indonesia are acidic and low in both total and available phosphorus which severely limits their potential for crops production. These problems can be corrected by application of chemical fertilizers. However, these fertilizers are expensive, and cheaper alternatives such as phosphate rock (PR) have been considered. Several soil factors may influence the dissolution of PR in soils, including both chemical and physical properties. The study aimed to identify PR dissolution factors and evaluate their relative magnitude. The experiment was conducted in Soil Chemical Laboratory, Universiti Putra Malaysia and Indonesian Center for Agricultural Land Resources Research and Development from January to April 2002. The principal component analysis (PCA) was used to characterize acid soils in an incubation system into a number of factors that may affect PR dissolution. Three major factors selected were soil texture, soil acidity, and fertilization. Using the scores of individual factors as independent variables, stepwise regression analysis was performed to derive a PR dissolution function. The factors influencing PR dissolution in order of importance were soil texture, soil acidity, then fertilization. Soil texture factors including clay content and organic C, and soil acidity factor such as P retention capacity interacted positively with P dissolution and promoted PR dissolution effectively. Soil texture factors, such as sand and silt content, soil acidity factors such as pH, and exchangeable Ca decreased PR dissolution
RESPONSE OF POTATO TO POTASSIUM FERTILIZER SOURCES AND APPLICATION METHODS IN ANDISOLS OF WEST JAVA
Get PDFAn experiment to determine the response of potato to potassium (K) fertilizer sources and application methods in Andisols of West Java was conducted at a farmer’s field in the highland area of Pangalengan (1400 m asl.), West Java from August to November 2004. The treatments consisted of two K fertilizer sources (potassium chloride-KCl and potassium sulphate-K2SO4), two K rates (150 and 250 kg K2O ha-1), and three application methods (single, split, and split combined with foliar application), were arranged in a randomized complete block design with four replications. In the single application treatment, K was applied at planting, while in the split application treatment the K was applied half rate at planting and the rest at 6 weeks after planting (WAP). In the split combined with foliar application treatment, the K fertilizer was applied half rate at planting, a quarter rate at 6 WAP and another quarter rate by foliar spraying at 7, 8 and 9 WAP. The results showed that plant height was not significantly affected by the treatment (P >0.05). However, the sources and application methods of K fertilizer affected canopy cover, crop cover weeks (CCW), tuber dry weight (DW), and total plant DW at 10 WAP. Potatoes supplied with K2SO4 either in split or split combined with foliar application had significantly higher percent canopy cover, CCW, tuber DW, and total plant DW than those supplied with K fertilizer in single application. Potatoes supplied with K2SO4 had a higher tuber yield compared to those fertilized with KCl, especially under split or split combined with foliar application. To attain the same level of tuber yield as in the split combined with foliar application method, the rate of K2SO4 should be increased from 150 to 250 kg K2O ha-1 when using single application. It is therefore suggested that K2SO4 for potatoes should be used in split application combined with foliar application
HYPOGLYCEMIC ACTIVITY OF SOME INDONESIAN RICE VARIETIES AND THEIR PHYSICOCHEMICAL PROPERTIES
Get PDFDiabetes mellitus is a spectrum of inherited and acquired disorders characterized by elevating blood glucose levels. Diabetes is an abnormal carbohydrate metabolism, therefore, diet therapy for diabetics plays a key role in the management of the disease. Most Indonesian people consume rice as source of energy and protein. Generally, diabetics consume very limited rice because they believe that rice is the one of hyperglycemic food, even though different rice varieties have large range of glycemic index. The study aimed to evaluate hypoglycemic properties by using rat assay and chemical characteristics of 10 Indonesian rice varieties, i.e. Pandan Wangi, Rojolele, Bengawan Solo, Cenana Bali, Memberamo, Celebes, Ciherang, Batang Piaman, Cisokan, and Lusi. Taj Mahal, an herbal ponni imported rice, was used as a comparison. Male Sprague Dawley rats (150- 200 g body weight) were used for hypoglycemic assay. The rats were fasted overnight before the blood glucose was measured in the morning. The rats were then feed with 4.5 g rice per kg body weight by oral administration, followed by 1 ml of 10% glucose solution in the next 30 minutes. The blood glucose was measured for the next 30, 60, 90, and 120 minutes. Changes in blood glucose concentrations (mg dl-1) before and after the oral administrations were calculated for each rice variety tested. Results showed that Cisokan and Batang Piaman were categorized as low glycemic responses and Ciherang as high glycemic response, while the other varieties (Memberamo, Cenana Bali, Lusi, Bengawan Solo, Pandan Wangi, Celebes, and Rojo Lele) showed moderate glycemic responses. As the best hypoglycemic activity, Cisokan contained high amylose (27.6%), fat (0.87%), total dietary fiber (6.24%), resistant starch (2.02%), and lowest starch digestibility (52.2%), which are ideal for diabetic’s consumption. Ciherang as the worst hypoglycemic activity had low resistant starch (1.78%), low total dietary fiber (4.52%), and medium amylose (23.0%). This study implies that Cisokan variety is suitable for diabetic’s consumption
SPECIES AND FUNCTIONAL DIVERSITY OF RHIZOBACTERIA OF RICE PLANT IN THE COASTAL SOILS OF INDONESIA
Get PDFRhizobacteria are important components of soil and directly or indirectly influence the soils quality and plant growth for maintaining adequate plant nutrition and reducing the negative environmental effects of fertilizers. Applying high dose of chemical fertilizers in most of rice fields in the coastal areas could reduce the quality of the soil in the long time. There are few studies addressed to verify the species and functional diversity of cultivable rhizobacteria associated with rice plant in the coastal soils. The objective of the study was to verify the species and functional diversity of rhizobacteria isolated from the coastal soils of two rice production areas of Subang and Indramayu, West Java. Special focus was given to verify phosphate solubilization, nitrogen fixation, IAA and cellulase production of the selected 78 strains of rice rhizobacteria isolated from the coastal paddy field, as well as taxonomical analyses based on 16S rRNA. The results showed that among 78 bacterial isolates from the coastal paddy field, mostly were belonging to the Firmicutes, most of them affiliated with genera Bacillus, 75 strains produced IAA, 32 strains fixed nitrogen, 37 strains solubilized phosphate and 33 strains produced cellulase. Several strains of the rhizobacteria were capable of producing plant growth promoting substances (PGPR), alone or in combination, such as IAA, fixing nitrogen, solubilizing phosphate, and producing cellulase. Taking all of these diverse PGPR characteristics into account, it is clear that the 78 identified isolates have great potential for improving saline soils of the coastal paddy fields in Indonesia
PREDICTION OF DROUGHT IMPACT ON RICE PADDIES IN WEST JAVA USING ANALOGUE DOWNSCALING METHOD
Get PDFIndonesia consistently experiences dry climatic conditions and droughts during El Niño, with significant consequences for rice production. To mitigate the impacts of such droughts, robust, simple and timely rainfall forecast is critically important for predicting drought prior to planting time over rice growing areas in Indonesia. The main objective of this study was to predict drought in rice growing areas using ensemble seasonal prediction. The skill of National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration’s (NOAA’s) seasonal prediction model Climate Forecast System version 2 (CFSv2) for predicting rice drought in West Java was investigated in a series of hindcast experiments in 1989-2010. The Constructed Analogue (CA) method was employed to produce downscaled local rainfall prediction with stream function (y) and velocity potential (c) at 850 hPa as predictors and observed rainfall as predictant. We used forty two rain gauges in northern part of West Java in Indramayu, Cirebon, Sumedang and Majalengka Districts. To be able to quantify the uncertainties, a multi-window scheme for predictors was applied to obtain ensemble rainfall prediction. Drought events in dry season planting were predicted by rainfall thresholds. The skill of downscaled rainfall prediction was assessed using Relative Operating Characteristics (ROC) method. Results of the study showed that the skills of the probabilistic seasonal prediction for early detection of rice area drought were found to range from 62% to 82% with an improved lead time of 2-4 months. The lead time of 2-4 months provided sufficient time for practical policy makers, extension workers and farmers to cope with drought by preparing suitable farming practices and equipments
STUDY OF MILLING PROCESS AND ITS EFFECT ON VITAMIN B1 AND FOLIC ACID CONTENTS ON LOWLAND RICE PROMISING LINES
No full textRice is an important source of vitamin B1 and folic acid, but cultivated rice cultivars contain low of these nutrient. Breeding program had been conducted and several advanced lines with a high vitamin B and folic acid contents were found. This research aimed to study the contents of vitamin B1 and folic acid in the brown rice and milled rice of fifteen promising lowland rice lines. Dried paddy (14% moisture content) were husked in the mini husker (Satake THU 35A) to obtain brown rice and milled rice by using abrasive-type mini polisher (Satake TM-05, 1,450 RPM for 2 minutes). Vitamin B1 and folic acid in the brown rice and milled rice were determined by using HPLC equipped with fluorescence detector for vitamin B1 and UV detector for folic acid. Four out of fifteen rice lines studied showed a unique characteristic of vitamin B1 content in the brown rice and milled rice. Rice lines which have highest vitamin B1 in the brown rice were B10267-4-PN-6-2-3-2-2-2-3-3-2 (3.03 mg 100 g-1), B10876H-MR-2 (2.13 mg 100 g-1), B10531E-KN-1-2-PN-1-4-2 (1.33 mg 100 g-1) and B12411E-RS*-1-2-1 (1.21 mg 100 g-1). However after milling, 43-92% of their vitamin B1 were lost; the least loss was observed in B12411E-RS*-1-2-1 (1.21 mg 100 g-1) which was only 4%. Three out of fifteen rice lines studied has highest folic acid in brown rice, i.e. BP400G-PN-12-3-6 (158.5 µg 100 g-1), B10876H-MR-2 (152.0 µg 100 g-1), and B11742-RS*-2-3-MR-5-5-1-Si-1-3 (100.0 µg 100 g-1). After milling the line B10876H-MR-2 had the highest folic acid content (52.0 µg 100 g-1), much higher than that of Ciherang variety as a control. This study indicates the importance of having a suitable milling instrument to minimize loss of vitamin B1 and folic acid. The study also suggests the importance of creating new rice cultivars that have high nutrient and resistant to milling process
PROCESSING OF SORGHUM FROM DIFFERENT VARIETIES AND HYBRIDS FOR SEMOLINA AND THEIR PRODUCTS
Get PDFThe present study was undertaken with the objective to standardise procedures for preparation of semolina (rava) from sorghum, to identify the best genotype for preparation of semolina and to study the nutritional quality parameters of semolina. For processing of sorghum, ten varieties and five hybrids were used for preparation of semolina and their products. A process has been standardized for semolina preparation using ultra grinding mill from sorghum grain. The semolina yield ranged from 46.51% to 54.29%. Hybrid CSH-15R gave the highest yield of semolina (54.29%). Starch content in semolina ranged from 59.93% to 66.43%. The new genotypes Phule Vasudha, Phule Yashoda and M 35-1 showed higher levels of starch content as compared to the other genotypes. The Phule Vasudha and Selection-3 showed higher levels of total soluble sugars in grains, as well as in semolina than the other genotypes. Phule Maulee gave higher level of crude fibre content (3.12%). The amino acid profile of sorghum grain and semolina showed very minor differences in the content due to the processing of sorghum grains into various products like semolina. The new genotypes of rabi sorghum showed comparable results for the mineral with that of hybrids. The organoleptic properties of the sweet (shira), upama and idali prepared from semolina were judged on the basis of colour, texture and appearance, flavour, taste and overall acceptability of the products using semi-trained judges and 1 to 9 hedonic scales. All products prepared from semolina were like very much and gave highest rating of more than 8 hedonic scales. While considering the yield of semolina from sorghum grains as well as their nutritional composition and organoleptic properties of the niche products (shira, upama, idali) prepared from them, the varieties Phule Vasudha and Phule Yashoda were the best one as compared to the other varieties and hybrids and overall varieties were better than the hybrids
GENETIC DIVERSITY OF UPLAND RICE LANDRACES FROM JAVA ISLAND AS REVEALED BY SSR MARKERS
Get PDFJava Island is one of origins of a large number of indigenous upland rice accessions, which may serve as valuable plant genetic resources for future crop improvement in Indonesia. However, these landraces especially non-glutinous and glutinous rice are rapidly being lost because of land-use, agricultural practices and other factors. A better understanding of genetic diversity of local upland rice is important for crop improvement program, crop management and conservation strategy. This study aimed to evaluate the genetic diversity of upland rice landraces originating from Java Island. A total of 82 upland rice accessions comprising of 55 non-glutinous rice and 27 glutinous type were genotyped using the 16 simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers. The result showed that a total of 74 alleles were found with major allele frequency found on RM431 (0.96). Most of the SSR markers (56.3%) showed high discriminating power as represented by polymorphic informa-tion content (PIC) value higher than 0.5. A moderate genetic diversity index was detected in all landraces, which was 0.55. Genetic diversity index of non-glutinous and glutinous rice were 0.54 and 0.53, respectively. Their genetic distance was about 0.057. The phylogenetic tree generated two main clusters that demonstrated discrimination among landraces according to the individual genetic properties rather than their geographical origins and grain types (non-glutinous and glutinous type). The levels of genetic diversity were varied across rice types and geographical origins. According to the regions, the closest genetic distance was found between upland rice landraces from Central Java and West Java (0.040). The information derived from this study is important, in combination with phenotypic data, to identify desired useful traits came from different origins of the gene pool to be used for breeding purposes
THE GROWTH PERFORMANCE OF CITRUS DERIVED FROM SOMATIC EMBRYOGENESIS PLANTLET AND SCION STOCK
No full textSomatic embryogenesis (SE) of callus culture in vitro is one of citrus propagation ways for producing free virus and genetically true-to-type plantlets. To induce growing of plantlets derived from this technology, they should be grafted ex vitro onto a citrus rootstock. The research aimed to evaluate the growth performance of citrus plants cv. Siam Kintamani (Citrus nobilis L.) that used both plantlets and scions as their stocks. The research was conducted at Tlekung Research Station, Indonesian Citrus and Subtropical Fruit Research Institute from June 2011 to December 2012. The treatments were done at nursery house by grafting a plantlet and budding a scion onto an eight-month-old Japanese Citroon (JC) rootstock plant. The grafted and budded plants of one-year old were maintained at nursery house then transplanted into the field. In the field, the research was arranged in a randomized block design with three replications and used 15 plants as unit samples. The results showed that the vegetative growth of Siam Kintamani seedling derived from SE or grafted plant was faster than that of budded plant started from 10 to 12 months after treatment in the nersery house. In the field, the growth of SE grafted plant was only significantly different up to 6 months after transplanting. Plantlets produced from SE in vitro propagation can be used as a good alternative stock material for producing healthy citrus plants. Therefore, a further research is required especially on varieties used, reproductive growth and massive planlets production
IMPROVEMENT OF EARLY MATURITY IN RICE VARIETY BY MARKER ASSISTED BACKCROSS BREEDING OF Hd2 GENE
No full textEarly-maturing and high-yielding rice variety is very useful for increasing rice production in Indonesia. The aim of this research was to develop new lines of Indonesian rice containing Hd2 gene using Code variety as a recipient parent and Nipponbare variety as a donor parent through targetted MAB approach using RM1362 and RM7601 in chromosom 7 for foreground selection. After two generations of backcrossing, the positive alleles of Hd2 gene from Nipponbare had successfully trans-ferred into Code. The plant number CdNp_29 in BC2F2 popula-tion had the highest genome recovery of 82.7%. The twelve BC2F3 plants were selected for self-pollination to generate BC2F4. These selected lines that carried the Hd2 gene were screened in the greenhouse for the evaluation of heading date and agronomic traits. All improved lines had Hd2 gene similar to the donor parent Nipponbare. The heading date of the breeding lines ranged from 73 to 89 days (Code 85 days) or fill the third criterion of rice maturity that is 103-104 days compared to Code of 116-119 days, whereas their agronomic performances were similar with that of Code. Application of MABc for im-proving rice early maturity has accelerated the development and selection in early generation of superior lines having genetic background of Code. It is expected that the newly developed lines of Code will be utilized to increase rice production in Indonesia