Media Kesehatan Masyarakat Indonesia
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Pemanfaatan Pelayanan Kesehatan pada Anak Indonesia: Pengaruh Kemiskinan dan Karakteristik Ibu
Get PDFThe utilization of health care is an important determinant to improve health status, especially for children. However, poverty and parental characteristics especially mothers are important determinants of healthcare utilization for children. This uses the Indonesia National Socio-Economic Survey (SUSENAS) 2017 and Village Potential Statistic (PODES) 2018 to study the effect of that variable on outpatient healthcare utilization for children. The sample in this research is 50.437 children who have health complaints, disrupted activity in the past month, and living with mother. Data analysis was carried out descriptively and using logistic regression. The result showed that one out of three children does not utilizing healthcare for outpatient when sick. Furthermore, logistic regression shows that family poverty has a negative and significant effect on the children’s utilization of healthcare for outpatient in Indonesia (OR=0,79). While maternal education and employment status have a significant and positive effect. This result showed that there are necessary to provide ease access to healthcare for the children in a poor household and to improve maternal empowerment to be able to increase the utilization of healthcare especially outpatient care for children
Efektivitas Suplementasi Vitamin A terhadap Kejadian Infeksi Saluran Pernapasan Akut pada Balita
Get PDFAcute Respiratory Infections (ARIs) is still a cause of high morbidity and mortality in children under five in worldwide and contributes to one third of under-five deaths in developing countries. Vitamin A deficiency is one of the factors causing ARIs. This study aims to determine the effectiveness of vitamin A supplementation in reducing the incidence of ARIs. Unmatched case control study observational research design with quantitative approach, the research subjects were mothers of children under five aged 12-59 months in Ogan Komering Ulu District (OKU), South Sumatra Province. Case and control group sampling with a ratio of 1:3 so that the sample size is 228 people. Data analysis included univariate to calculate the frequency distribution of research subject characteristics, bivariate with chi-square test and multivariate using logistic regression test. The results of studies of children under five who do not get vitamin A twice a year have a 2.1 times greater risk of ARIs than childrens who get vitamin A twice a year. This study concludes that childrens who do not get vitamin A twice a year have a greater risk of experiencing ARIs than childrens who get vitamin A twice a year and based on the magnitude of the risk that can be prevented, supplementation of vitamin A is still effective in reducing the incidence of ARIs in childrens in OKU Distric
Karakterisasi DNA Mikrobiota Usus Bayi pada Persalinan Normal yang diberi ASI dan Susu Formula
Get PDFBreast milk is the best source of nutrition because it contains a variety of healthy compounds and immunity. Several studies of gut microbiota has proven its important role in the development of the immune system. This study aims to characterize the gut microbiota of babies born normally with breastfeeding and formula milk. This research using cross sectional study design with purposive sampling as sampling technique. Samples used were babies born normally as many as 30 infants that divided into two groups namely infants who given breast milk and combinated breastfeeding and formulamilk of 15 infants each. Stool samples were taken by swab technique, the DNA was extracted using a DNA kit continued DNA amplification by PCR with 16SrRNA universal primers then DNA sequencing. Data from DNA sequencer analized using a software of MEGA5 and BLAST attained on the NCBI link. The result showed that the group of infants who were breastfed plus formula milk had more varied intestinal microbiota than the group of infants who were only given breast milk. It can be concluded that intestinal microbiota that dominates the intestines of infants who are given breast milk can be a probiotic in the growth of the baby and the development of the immune system
The Needs for Information and Education Media in Supporting Self-Management of Patients with Diabetes Mellitus
Get PDFDiabetes mellitus is a chronic disease that has a very high morbidity and mortality rate. This disease cannot be cured but can be controlled with good self-management. This research supports the need for appropriate information and educational media in supporting the self-management of patients with diabetes mellitus. This research is qualitative and quantitative. The sample of this study was 105 people with diabetes. Data collection was conducted from July to November 2019 at 7 Puskesmas in Padang City, namely: Nanggalo, Lapai, Alai, Andalas, Ambacang, Kuranji, and Pauh, with interview questions and interviews. Qualitative data processing techniques with coding and data validity by triangulation and analyzed using data reduction, data presentation, and analysis. Quantitative data analysis uses SEM (Structural Equation Model) analysis with the Lisrel 8.7 program. The results showed that the informants were elderly (56-65 years), 60% had good self-management quality, 65% actively participated in chronic disease management programs, 49.5 did not have cellphones. All aspects of self-management, namely blood sugar testing, physical exercise, taking medicine, diet and health education, can be used as educational material. Research information shows the fact most still need information about self-management of diabetics and in the form of conventional media. Informants who use phones that are approved for Android-based self-management applications
Pengaruh Pemberdayaan Wanita terhadap Pemilihan Penolong Persalinan pada Tenaga Kesehatan Terampil
Get PDFThe Maternal Mortality Ratio (MMR) in Indonesia has estimated 305 deaths per 100,000 live births in 2015. A large effort needed to reach SDG’s target of 70 maternal deaths in 2030, by increasing Skilled Birth Attendant (SBA) use. An increase in autonomy and women\u27s empowerment were expected to be able to increase the role of women in decisions related to their health. This study examined the relationship of women’s empowerment with SBA use in Indonesia using the 2017 DHS. The number of samples in this study was 14,835 women aged 15-49 who had one or more children born, and were married or living together with their partners. Women’s empowerment indicators used in this study were educations, participation in decision-making, negotiating safer sex, and attitude towards wife-beating. Data analysis was performed using binary logistic regression analysis. Overall, women’s empowerment indicators except for participation in decision making significantly influenced SBA use even after controlled by sociodemographic characteristics. The results of this study indicated that the increased SBA use during childbirth can be done by increasing women\u27s empowerment, including through education and delaying the age of marriage. Well-targeted policies can be carried out by identifying factors that increase SBA use
Perilaku Swamedikasi pada Perokok di Indonesia
Get PDFSelf-Medication practices are considered to be a quick solution in treatment when a person can not access the formal health services, but on the other hand, this behavior can cast up the economic burden and health losses if not properly monitored. Meanwhile, smoking is seen as a negative behavior, which can also cause a double burden, both in terms of increased expenditure also has a negative effect on health. This study aims to describe self-medication behavior among smokers in Indonesia and the determinants that influence it. This study is a quantitative study using secondary data from the Indonesia National Socio-Economic Survey (SUSENAS) in 2017. The observation unit is individuals, and the sample criteria are smokers with the probability of doing self-medication due to health problems. The number of analyzed samples was 53.317 respondents. Descriptive analysis is used to see the prevalence of self-medication among smokers. Logistic regression is used to see the determinants that influence a smoker\u27s decision to make self-medication. The results of the follow-up analysis showed that most smokers did Swamedikasi (75.99%). The level of education (p=0,005) and ownership of health (p=0,000) insurance has a significant effect on self-medicated behavior. Through this research, it is expected to be material for learning and advocating about behavior in seeking treatment for smokers
Commuting Patterns and Health Problems of Commuters in Regional Tourist Destination (Case Study in Denpasar Greater Area)
Get PDFCommuting has become a global phenomenon in various metropolitan cities in the world, including Denpasar. Denpasar is the center of tourist destinations for Indonesian and foreign tourists. This condition makes Denpasar a business and economic center for residents in the surrounding area. Conditions have encouraged an increasing number of commuter workers in Denpasar from sub-urban areas. The people are facing several problems such as traffic, air, noise, thermal pollution, and long duration of commuting. This study aims to analyze the relationship between commuting patterns and health problems among workers in Denpasar metropolitan areas in Indonesia. This study analyzed by using secondary data of the Sarbagita (Denpasar, Badung, Gianyar, and Tabanan) Commuter Survey 2015 from CBS Indonesia. Sample study: commuter workers aged 15-65 years with inclusion criteria are commuters passive commuting with all types of transportation except bicycles/walking. The sampling method used two stages of cluster sampling. The final sample was 652 persons. Statistical analysis used binary logistic regression. The study shows that around one-third of commuters have commuting-related health problems. Health problems are more perceived by formal workers, low incomes, and low-educated. This study shows that distance and transportation mode had correlated with health problems (OR=1.71). Motorcycle and private car users have more health problems than public transportation (OR=2.49; OR=3.13). The impact of commuting for com-muter health can be minimized by providing public transportation that is fast, safe, comfortable, and inexpensive. Local government must encourage the use of public transportation for commuters through campaigns from a public health perspective
A Case Study: Negative Effects of Unscheduled Appointment System to Physiotherapists and Paediatric Patients
Get PDFCommunity-Based Rehabilitation (CBR) units are growing in developing countries, including Indonesia. However, patient safety measures in CBR units have not yet been conducted, especially regarding flexible, unscheduled appointment system. This study aims to evaluate the unscheduled appointment system as a cause of errors in the care delivery of a CBR unit for children with disabilities in Makassar city. This case study conducted 278-hours observations and three structured interviews. The observation findings, encoded interview findings, field notes, and self-reflective notes were triangulated and link thematically. Four key findings were illustrated in an explorative model. The CBR unit implements a day-based scheduling system without time slots. Working in this system, the therapists experienced random visits, long waiting times, and excessive workload as a result of this flexible scheduling system. Significant risks of human errors and patient safety were revealed due to these consequences. As flexible scheduling systems produce more negative effects to the therapists and children, it is suggested that a CBR unit or a health care unit implement a scheduled appointment system with timeslots to achieve prudent healthcare
Penggunaan Alat Pelindung Diri dan Keracunan Pestisida pada Pekerja di Perusahaan Penyemprot Hama
Get PDFThe pest control service industry is one of the industries in the field of pest control services, especially those in residential areas that use pesticides that can be harmful, especially for pest sprayers. The purpose of this study was to determine the use of Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) with pesticide poisoning in workers in pest spraying companies. This study used a cross-sectional design with a sample of 30 people spraying pests at PT Zeta Prima Lestari with a total sampling method. Univariate, bivariate analysis, and statistical tests use coefficient contingency. Measurement of serum cholinesterase levels was carried out at Borromeus Hospital Bandung. The results showed the characteristics of the respondents most respondents aged 21-30 years (63.3%), working period of more than 1 year were 43.3%, smoking habits (70.0%), the duration of exposure were mostly more than 5 hours per day (90%), there were still those who did not use PPE in full (3.3%) and the BMI of respondents in thin and fat conditions was 26.7%. Statistical test results showed that the variable use of PPE is associated with serum cholinesterase levels (p = 0.0001), but age (p = 0.573), years of service (p = 0.245), smoking habits (p = 0.506), length of exposure (p = 0.735), BMI (p = 0.540) and Hb levels (p = 0.690) are not related. Based on research results that pest sprayers who use PPE in full will be better protected from exposure to pesticides. The recommended recommendation is to monitor the use of PPE before work and periodic serum cholinesterase checks on pest sprayers
Analisis Survival pada Penderita Gagal Ginjal Kronik dengan Komorbiditas Diabetes Melitus
Get PDFChronic Kidney Disease (CKD) is a global public health problem with an increasing prevalence and incidence of kidney failure a poor prognosis and high treatment costs. CKD is the leading cause of death globally, the biggest cause of CKD is comorbidity with diabetes mellitus. the highest mortality occurred in the first 6-12 months undergoing hemodynamic which is 33%. The purpose of this study was to determine the age, sex, hemoglobin level, and survival time of CKD patients undergoing hemodialysis based on diabetes mellitus comorbidity. The study design was a prospective cohort, with a sample of 159 respondents. The study used data from the daily report of the hemodialysis unit Abdul Moeloek Hospital in Lampung Province, responded is new patients undergoing hemodialysis were then observed for 12 months. The analysis used a survival analysis with Cox regression. The results showed an average survival of 5 months, death occurred (event) by 47.8%, patients with CKD with Diabetes mellitus comorbidity 27.7%. Hemodialysis respondents type of female (55,3%) and male (44,7%), age less than 60 years 64.4%, hemoglobin levels less than 7 mg% (severe anemia) 28.4%. Statistical test results obtained sex p=0.602, age p=0.582, anemia p=0.567, and a history of diabetes mellitus (p=0.001 with α=0.05, (Risk Ratio=2.3). CKD Patients with comorbidities with diabetes Mellitus they are should better maintain health with a protein diet and control blood sugar