Journal of Earth Energy Engineering
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Determining Factors of Energy Intensity in the Manufacturing Industry of Provinces in Indonesia
Full text linkEnergy is vital to Indonesia's economic activities in various sectors. Energy plays an important role in the sustainability of the economic structure, which includes is the manufacturing industry. However, limited natural resources are one of the challenges for policymakers. Although energy conservation policies have been implemented in Indonesia since 1982, their enforcement in the manufacturing industry sector has not been solutive in supporting the development of the manufacturing industry in all regions. This study aims to determine the relationship between the development of energy intensity and economic growth in 26 provinces of Indonesia, using the growth and share analysis method from the data the authors have obtained. The results showed that the paper and printed goods, cement, and non-metallic minerals industries are the sub-sectors with high energy consumption. Then, Riau, DKI Jakarta, and West Java provinces are in the dominant quadrant for economic growth, but their energy intensity is in the low/slow quadrant. This indicates that industries in these three provinces have efficient use of energy
Geothermal Well Casing Design with High Temperature and Corrosive in Q Field
Full text linkCasing design is the most crucial phase of drill a geothermal well. As most of problems could be prevented beforehand by having an excellent well casing design. Prior and present well problems may be assessed to enhance casing design mitigate leading causes and its relationship to well casing. This research is about geothermal well casing design by analyzing in advance the problems that the casing may encounter during drilling and production through NPT & casing damage analysis. The purpose is to construct design depth and grade of geothermal well casing from the effects of axial, hoop, and thermal stress, as well as corrosion. The method used is to analyze the NPT from the available DDR data of the wells and then analyze the damage that occurs to the production wells which then the results of these analysis’ become recommendations for of the next well casing design. The results show Well FDL-33 will use tie-back system with surface casing 20” K55 133 ppf at 350 mMD with semi-premium connection, production casing 13-3/8” L80 68 ppf at 1475.8 mMD with premium connection, production tieback casing 13-3 /8” L80 68 ppf at 300 mMD with premium connection, and production liner 9-5/8” L80 40 ppf at 2695.3 mMD with semi-premium connection
Analysis of Liquid Loading and Sandness in Gas Wells A1, A2 And Their Correction with The Plunger Lift Method in Field B
Full text linkThe inability of the gas to lift liquid to the surface causes liquid to accumulate in the downhole, this event is called liquid loading, and sand deposits at the bottom of the well are caused to be swept away by the gas flow. If a well has liquid loading and sandification, well production will decrease and even the well will die. For this reason, it is necessary to carry out a predictive analysis of the well and a method to overcome the problem of liquid loading and sandiness using a plunger lift.Liquid loading is not always easy to identify, because the well is still producing significantly. The method used in the petroleum world to identify liquid loading is the "Turner et al" method. The plunger is a piston-type device that moves freely in the tubing and according to the inside diameter of the pipe, rising when the well pressure is sufficient to lift it and moving back down due to the force of gravity. The plunger lifting system uses gas pressure buildup in the well to lift the accumulated liquid column out of the well. The researcher conducted a liquid loading analysis on well A1 and well A2. From the results of the study it was identified that well A1 did not experience liquid loading, because the calculation results showed that the well's critical gas flow rate was 3.3 MMSCFPD which was less than the actual gas flow rate of 5 MMSCFPD. Well A2 is experiencing liquid loading, because the results of the calculation of the well's critical gas flow rate are 3.6 MMSCFPD, while the actual gas flow rate in the field is 3MMSCFPD.After removal of fluid and sand from the bottom of the well, the production rate of the A2 gas well increased to 5 MMSCFPD
The development of geothermal energy as a renewable power plant
Full text linkGeothermal energy is a sustainable and ecologically beneficial energy source, it is believed that Indonesia alone has 40% of the world's geothermal energy reserves of roughly 28.000 MW. The Indonesian government expects the geothermal power plant installed capacity to reach 10.000 MW by 2025. However, the installed capacity remained at 1.739 MW until 2014. Aside from that, the Indonesian government has made significant investments to expand the geothermal sector through different current rules. This research aims to determine the absorption of geothermal energy as an alternative to power generation and many elements of the associated hurdles, such as natural and human resources. In addition, this paper also creates new model parameters that significantly improve model performance. Analysis of system dynamics methods and modelling and simulation methods are used for fast and accurate results. According to a literature analysis done by collecting secondary data from journals and associated research publications, existing conditions are judged insufficient to meet the installed capacity of geothermal energy with a target of 3.458 MW in 2025 based on simulation results of forecasts through 2050. Factors impeding progress include the government's lack of coordination and implementation difficulties. Furthermore, because the financial sector was redirected to cope with the economic crisis, the pandemic scenario in 2020 was one of the impediments. Based on these criteria, the optimum solution was sought by expanding installed electricity capacity and raising the selling price of geothermal power with a target of 24.5% and electricity output of 13.263 GWh
4-dimensional seismic interpretation to monitor CO2 injection in carbon capture & storage project of Sleipner field, North Sea, Norway using inversion method
Full text linkSleipner is the world's first commercial Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS) project, located off the coast of Norway, with the goal of reducing carbon emissions by capturing CO2 and storing it in a utsira saline aquifer sandstone reservoir capable of storing up to 600 billion tonnes of CO2. The CO2 injection in these projects increases year after year, so the CO2 development must be monitored to see the distribution pattern and its implications for the reservoir zone. The purpose of this research is to calculate and model the CO2 distribution resulting from acoustic impedance inversion using 4-dimensional inversion, to calculate the repeatability from seismic data between baseline and monitor using the Normalized Root Mean Square attribute. In the processing, baseline and monitor data must be matched in the overburden zone using a cross-equalization process so that the inversion process. The results revealed a correlation between the two seismic data sets (baseline and monitor) with the classification of Reasonable Repeatability, and CO2 distribution in a securely stored reservoir that spreads laterally and does not leak
4D Seismic Inversion and Rock Physic Modeling to Monitor CO2 Injection at Carbon Capture and Storage Project in The Utsira Formation, Sleipner Field, North Sea, Norway
Full text linkCarbon Capture and Storage (CCS) is used at Sleipner Field due to the implementation of a carbon emission tax off the coast of Norway. This project causes the fluid at the Utsira Formation as a reservoir to be replaced by CO2, so the elastic property of the reservoir rock will change. Because of that, the 3D seismic survey was carried out in 1994 (baseline) and re-acquisition in 2001 (monitor) to observe CO2 distribution and changes in rock properties. This study aims to monitor the distribution of CO2 as well as changes in reservoir rock's acoustic and elastic parameters. This research performed the cross-equalization, 4D Seismic Inversion model-based, and rock physics modeling process. From data processing, obtained information that CO2 spreads laterally, then moves to the northeast and does not penetrate the overburden. Also, we get the NRMS value of 0.443068 and the cross-correlation value of 0.907426. 4D Inversion results reveal a change in the reflector at the reservoir zone, as indicated by the velocity pushdown caused for a decrease in seismic velocity owing to CO2. In addition, rock physics modeling provides that changes occur in bulk modulus, Vp, Vs, density, and AI. From the process, there are differences in AI values where the Inversion results show a decrease in AI values of 2.9%, while rock physics modeling shows a 12% reduction
Investigation of experimental study of biomass performance of wood pellets, palm shells, and rice husk in vacuum pressure gasification system
No full textThe development of biomass-based renewable energy has received extra momentum due to the petroleum/coal-based energy crisis and global warming. Vacuum suction gasification is capable of creating combustible, power-generating synthesis gas. In this vacuum suction gasification, palm shells biomass and wood pellets performed better than rice husks. The production of synthetic gas was stable. It ran for 6.5 hours straight for the ability of palm shells and wood pellets to maintain sustainable temperatures in the reactor to maintain the gasification reaction. Rice husk was not suitable for this type of gasification. It did not maintain a suitable temperature for the gasification reaction to perform well. Value of heat losses in the lining of the reactor was large, more than 2,000 watts which might be the factor that prevented the rice husk from running well. Water was sprayed onto biomass at the reactor’s input to increase its hydrogen content. Oil palm shells responded well to this treatment. It produced better syngas output sustainably. The wood pellet was not responded well to water spray. It crumbled into small pieces. Rice husk is not responded well either. Syngas produced by the reactor was burned and used to boil water. In this gasification system, palm shells and wood pellets had apparent heat values of 5.62 kW and 5.41 kW, respectively. The efficiency of palm shells and wood pellets results in performances of 29.20 percent and 29.96 percent, respectively
Special Issue: the International Conference on Upstream Energy and digitalization (ICU-PERTAIN) 2022
No full textThis is an international conference organized by Universitas Pertamina collaborated with Universitas Islam Riau as publishing partner through Journal of Earth Energy Engineering (JEEE) and Journal of Geoscience, Engineering, Environment, and Technology (JGEET). The theme of the International Conference on Upstream Energy and digitalization (ICU-PERTAIN) 2022: “Upstream Industries and 4.0 things to overcome the challenges in a low carbon world”. This theme means identifying the key challenges and opportunities of implementation upstream technology and utilization of big data, data science, machine learning, IoT, and many more to achieve national production target and strive to energy transition
Identification of Reservoir Distribution Using Extended Elastic Impedance (EEI) Inversion in the "Z" Field of the Kutai Basin
Full text linkThis research was conducted using EEI inversion on seismic data in Z Field, Kutai Basin. The EEI inversion is effectively used to determine the reservoir distribution by eliminating the angle limit on the elastic impedance to the Chi angle so that it can be correlated with petrophysical parameters that are sensitive to lithology and fluids. The data used in this study are well data, checkshots, horizons, and partial-stack angle gather 3D seismic data. The data obtained is processed to obtain the target zone first based on log interpretation. Based on data processing, the target zone is obtained at 1513 m to 1531 m. Sensitivity analysis was conducted to determine the sensitive parameters, which can separate the lithology of the formation. In the sensitivity analysis, the most sensitive log to separate lithology is the Vp/VS log, which can separate sandstone, shale, and coal. Furthermore, the EEI inversion analysis was carried out to obtain the most suiTable model for the inversion, the Based Hard Constraint model was obtained with a correlation reaching 0.997 and an error value of 0.078. Based on the EEI inversion, the target zone in the Z-field at a depth of 1258 ms - 1269 ms with a sandstone reservoir in the EEI range of 6000 (m/s)(g/cc) - 7500 (m/s)(g/cc) which spreads from northeast to south. The distribution of the sandstone reservoir is surrounded by coal with a range of EEI 7500 (m/s)(g/cc) - 12000 (m/s)(g/cc), and also the distribution of shale in the EEI range of 7500(m/s)( g/cc) - 9200(m/s)(g/cc)
Production optimization in Well A and Well B using electric submersible pump (ESP)
Full text linkThis research discusses the optimization of production carried out in Well A and Well B. The two Wells are production Well with three production layers (multilayer) that have different characteristics for each layer. Based on the performance evaluation of the production Wells, it’s known that Well A and Well B are no longer able to produce naturally (natural flow). Therefore, it’s necessary to have an artificial lift in order to be able to produce.The artificial lift method used for Well A and Well B is to install an electric submersible pump (ESP), because based on the screening criteria of artificial lift, both Wells can use an electric submersible pump. It’s known that Well A has an absolute open flow (AOF) value of 5840 stb/d and Well B of 3874 stb/d. The production optimization carried out has a production target of 70% of the absolute open flow value. Therefore, the selection of the electric submersible pump for each Well must have an operating flowrate that is in accordance with the production target of the two Wells and must perform a sensitivity test on the selected electric submersible pump to obtain the optimal scenario. So that, the electric submersible pump design for Well A is REDA D4300N with operating frequency of 60 hz and 156 stages, while for Well B is REDA DN3100 with operating frequency of 70 hz and 188 stages