Ilmu Pertanian (Agricultural Science)
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The Relationships Among Physiological Characters and Productivities of Nine PGL Clones in Medium Land
Get PDFThe objectives of the study were to determine the relationships among the physiological characters and productivities of nine PGL clones in medium land. Field trial was arranged in a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) single factor with three blocks as replications. The treatment was PGL clones, consisting of nine clones, namely PGL 1 PGL 3, 4 PGL, PGL 7, PGL 10, PGL 11, PGL 12, PGL 15, and PGL 17. The observations were done on several variables of physiological characters and productivities. Data were analyzed by using the Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) at 5% levels. If there were significant differences among the treatments, they will be analysed by Duncan Multiple Range Test (DMRT). The relationships among variables were determined using correlation analysis. Results showed that there were wide variations in the stomatal density and width openings and also productivities among the nine PGL clones. Stomatal density and width openings have significant positive correlation with the productivity. PGL 12 and 15 with a denser of stomatal arrangement and wider stomatal openings have higher productivities when compared to other PGL clones, especially PGL 7 with the most loosely stomatal arrangement and narrower stomatal openings
A Study of Carbon Dioxide Emission in Different Types of Peatland Use in Kalimantan
Get PDFStudy of carbon dioxide emissions in different types of peatlands use in Central and West Kalimantan has been conducted in January-June 2006 and January-April 2007. The study represents 4 types of land use in Central Kalimantan as treatment: 5 years for chinesse cabbage, 10 years for chinesse cabbage, 5 years for sweet corns, and 10 years for sweet corns. As for the treatments in West Kalimantan, they include corn field, Aloe vera field, oil palm plantation, and rubber plantation. Carbon dioxide was measured using infrared gas analysis (model EGM-4, PP systems, Hitchin, UK). In Central Kalimantan, the highest CO2 is emitted from sweet corn plants (arable land for 10 years) by 0.79 g CO2/m2/hour, chinesse cabbage plants (for 5 years) by 0.73 g CO2/m2/hour, chinesse cabbage plants (for 10 years) by 0.67 g CO2/m2/hour and, the least, sweet corn plants (for 5 years) by 0.41 g CO2/m2/hour. The highest CO2 emission from West Kalimantan is released from rubber plants at 1.22 g CO2/m2/hour, followed by palm oil plants by 0.96 g CO2/m2/hour, Aloe vera plants by 0.68 g CO2/m2/hour and corn plants by 0.35 g CO2/m2/hour. Groundwater table depth are the most important factors among other factors that influence CO2 emissions. Groundwater table depth indicated a positive correlation with CO2 emissions in all types of peatlands use. C-organic production of sweet corn plants at 11.66 t C/ha/year is higher than that of chinesse cabbage plants at 1.64 t C/ha /year. Corn plants produce organic-C was 11.66 t C/ha/year, equivalent to the amount of loss of C through CO2 emissions by 11.29 t C/ha/year.Keywords: peat, types of land use, carbon, CO2 emissio
Pengaruh Jenis Pupuk dan Tinggi Genangan Air Terhadap Perkembangan Populasi Wereng Batang Padi Cokelat pada Tanaman Padi
Get PDFPenelitian ini telah dilakukan menggunakan kombinasi 2 faktor: jenis pupuk (kompos gulma siam dan pupuk konvensional), dan tingkatan pengairan (air tergenang terus-menerus (5 cm), air macak-macak (0 cm), dan intermitten. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa secara umum perlakuan dengan kompos gulma siam memberikan hasil yang lebih baik dibandingkan dengan penggunaan pupuk konvensional. Perlakuan kompos dengan sistem pengairan macak-macak memberikan hasil yang terbaik pada semua perlakuan yang diberikan, walaupun menunjukkan perbedaan yang nyata hanya pada variabel berat basah tanaman (66 ± 4, 50 g), lama hidup nimfa dan imago Nilaparvata lugens. Lama hidup nimfa yang paling panjang terdapat pada perlakuan kompos macak (21,33 ± 3,21 hari), walaupun tidak berbeda secara nyata dengan perlakuan yang lain, namun berbeda secara nyata dengan perlakuan konve genang (14,67 ± 0,58 hari). Pada stadia imago lama hidup yang paling singkat adalah pada perlakuan kompos macak (9,33 ± 0,58 hari) dan yang paling panjang adalah pada perlakuan konve genang (14,67 ± 2,08 hari).Kata Kunci: Nilaparvata lugens, pupuk, tinggi genanga
Induksi Partenokarpi Pada Tiga Genotipe Tomat Dengan GA3
Get PDFBuah tomat pertenokarpi (tanpa biji) sangat sesuai sebagai bahan utama dalam industri pengolahan tomat agar efisiensi waktu, tenaga dan biaya. Penelitian bertujuan untuk mengetahui efek penyemprotan (konsentrasi-frekuensi) GA3 terhadap partenokarpi dan karakteristik buah tomat. Penelitian dilaksanakan dengan perlakuan penyemprotan GA3 yaitu ppm (K0), 20 ppm sekali semprot (K1), 30 ppm sekali semprot (K2), 20 ppm tiga kali semprot (K3) dan 30 ppm tiga kali semprot (K4), pada Gamato 3 (V1), ‘Kaliurang 206’ (V2) dan ‘Intan’ (V3). Larutan GA3 disemprotkan pada tandan bunga satu hari sebelum bunga pertama mekar pada setiap tandan. GA3 disemprotkan selang tiga hari sekali untuk tiga kali penyemprotan. Perlakuan diatur dalam Rancangan Acak Kelompok Lengkap (RAKL) dengan tiga blok. Data dianalisis dengan analisis varian model kontras orthogonal dengan tingkat kepercayaan 95% menggunakan perangkat lunak SAS 9.1. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan penurunan jumlah biji per buah dipengaruhi oleh genotipe. Gamato 3 merupakan genotipe yang paling responsif dengan menghasilkan biji/buah mendekati nol. Penyemprotan GA3 20 ppm tiga kali telah mencukupi untuk menghasilkan buah tanpa biji pada Gamato 3. Penyemprotan GA330 ppm tiga kali meningkatan kadar PTT namun cenderung menurunan ukuran dan kekerasan buah.Kata kunci : GA3, jumlah biji, padatan terlarut total, partenokarpi, toma
Keragaman dan Kelimpahan Musuh Alami Hama pada Habitat Padi yang Dimanipulasi dengan Tumbuhan Berbunga
Get PDFPenelitian lapangan secara terbatas telah dilakukan untuk mengetahui dampak keberadaan tumbuhan berbunga pada kelimpahan dan keragaman artropoda termasuk serangga musuh alami padi. Dua perlakuan, yaitu ditambah tumbuhan berbunga dan tanpa tumbuhan berbunga diaplikasikan di lahan penelitian Fakultas Pertanian UGM di Banguntapan, Bantul, Yogyakarta, dan masing-masing perlakuan diulang tiga kali. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa tumbuhan berbunga meningkatkan keragaman artropoda termasuk serangga musuh alami secara signifikan, serta memberikan hasil padi yang cenderung lebih tinggi, di samping juga mampu menurunkan insiden serangan hama, misalnya penggerek batang padi.Kata Kunci : tumbuhan berbunga, musuh alami, keragaman, kelimpaha
Pengaruh Irradiasi Sinar Gammapada Pertumbuhan Kalusdan Tunas Tanaman Gandum (Triticum aestivum L.)
Get PDFTujuan utama pemuliaan tanaman adalah memperbaiki varietas yang sudah ada guna mendapatkan varietas yang lebih baik atau unggul. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui kisaran Lethal Dosis 20 (LD20) dan 50 (LD50) pada kalus gandum varietas Dewata yang diradiasi sinar gamma. Keberhasilan perlakuan irradiasi sinar gamma sangat ditentukan oleh sensitivitas genotipe tanaman. Penelitian ini dilakukan mulai bulan Juli-Desember 2011 di Laboratorium kultur BB-Biogen dan PATIR BATAN. Percobaan disusun secara faktorial dalam lingkungan Rancangan Acak Lengkap 1 x 4, dengan 3 ulangan. Faktor pertama adalah genotipe gandum Dewata. Faktor kedua adalah dosis irradiasi sinar gamma yaitu 0; 7,5; 15; 22,5; dan 30 Gy. Peubah yang diamati pertumbuhan kalus dan persentase tumbuh tunas. Data dianalisis menggunakan Program SAS 9.1. LD20 dan LD50 ditentukan menggunakan Program Best Curve-fit Analysis. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa dosis irradiasi berpengaruh nyata terhadap penghambatan pertumbuhan kalus gandum. Persentase hiduptunasmenurun sejalan dengankenaikan dosis irradiasi.Kelangsungan hiduptunasmenurun drastis bahkan tidak tumbuh sama sekali dan berwarna albino pada dosis 30 Gy. Persentase hidup tunas tertinggi pada dosis 15 Gy. Persentase tumbuh kalus tertinggi terdapat pada dosis 7,5 Gy. Semakin tinggi dosis iradiasi yang digunakan, maka persentase tunas yang tumbuh semakin sedikit atau daya regenerasi semakin rendah. Peningkatan keragaman genetik kalus gandum terdapat pada perlakuan irradiasi antara LD 20 dan LD 50 yaitu dosis iradiasi sinar gamma 15 – 22.5 Gy. Model dosis lethal terbaik untuk pertumbuhan kalus berbentuk kuadratik dengan persamaan Y = 86,28 – 6,47 x + 0,13 x2, LD20 = 0,99 Gy dan LD50 = 6,41 Gy. Sedangkan untuk persentase kalus yang bertunas dan mampu bergenerasi mempunyai persamaan berdasarkan persentase tumbuh kalus Y = 100,28 – 0,87x - 0,05 x2, LD20 = 13,14 Gy dan LD50 = 24,00 Gy.Kata kunci: Gandum (Triticum aestivum), lethal dosis, irradiasi sinar gamma
The Implementation of Geographic Information System for Agricultural Commodities Data Inventory and Land Condition Information in Kudus Regency
No full textABSTRACTIndonesia as an agricultural country needs to ensure the provision of sustainable agricultural land as the main source of income for the majority of its people by fostering the implementation of the principles of efficiency, sustainability, and self-reliance as well as environmentally sound in agricultural land-use. On the other hand, the high population growth of the country (1.4 to 1.5% per year) as well as the economic and industrial development resulted in the degradation and conversion of agricultural lands that hamper the carrying capacity nationally in maintaining independence and food security.Based on this background, system and methodology developed land suitability mapping using spatial and temporal approach. The goals to be achieved is, first of agricultural land suitability analysis is based on the type of agricultural commodities and climate information, both the alignment evaluation of agricultural land use and spatial planning of the area, the third degradation analysis and mapping of agricultural areas based on data for 1990-2010, the four evaluation Spatial Plan (Spatial), and fifth strategies and policies appropriate to the land use for sustainable agriculture and backup. The methods used in this study include descriptive survey, analysis of spatial and temporal data using statistics G*. Range of values used for the classification of documents using agroecological zone guidelines. Keywords: modeling, mapping, spatial, temporal, G * statistic
The Use of Gliphosate Herbicides on Growth, Yield and Residue of Corn
Get PDFThe objective of the research was to determine the effect of glyphosate herbicides on growth and yield of corn. This experiments was conducted at Sindang Barang Farm, Bogor from April to August 2013. This experiment used a Randomized Block Design with one factor namely dose of active ingredient glyphosate herbicide. The experiment consisted of 5 treatments such as control, and herbicide with doses 3, 4, 5, and 6 l ha-1. Plot size was 4 x 4 m, with plant spacing of 70 x 20 cm. Plots were treated on week before planting. Growth and yield of corn were influenced by herbicide treatments. Herbicide treatment at doses of 4 l ha-1 to produce seed growth, number of leaves, plant height, and leaf area the highest compared with other treatments. Similiar results also occur in the yield parameters of corn. Increased herbicide doses above 4 l ha-1 lower the better outcomes observed that variable growth and yield of corn. Based on glyphosate residue analysis indicated that each treatments contained residues of glyphosate. Herbicide treatment doses of 6 l ha-1 showed the highest residual value compared with other treatments. Based on glyphosate residue analysis in this research is still below the minimum limits of residue
Physiological Characters and Yield of Tea Shoots at Some Age of Production Pruning and Altitude
Get PDFABSTRACT Altitude in the tea plantation effect physiological processes of the tea plants. That will effect pruning time of tea plant. Therefore, this research is carried out to find: 1) Physiological process of tea plant grow in different ages of pruning and altitudes, 2) Optimum age of pruning at differentaltitude. The research was carried out in tea plantation in Inti PT Pagilaran Batang from July to November 2010. The research was conducted in Oversite design using 2 factor, hight place of plantation area (altitude) i.e 700-900 m asl (above sea level), 900-1100 m asl, 1100-1350 m asl and age of prune i.e 1-year after pruning, 2-years after pruning, 3-years after pruning and 4-years after pruning. All the combination treatment was replicated in 3 blocks. The observation were done on several variable of physiologi, growth and yield.All data were analyzed by variant analysis of oversite (multilocation) levels of 5%, followed by Duncant multiple range test level of 5% if there was significantly different in varian analysis.The results showed that at an The 3-years after pruning tea plants showed the lowest characters in fresh and dry shoot weight. Its pointed out bynumber of accumulative pecco shootthan 1, 2 and 4-years after pruning. Then in altitude of 900-1100 m asl and 1100-1350 m asl the 3-years after pruningthe tea plants showed the higher characters in fresh and dry shoot weight.Its pointed out by number of accumulative peccoshootthan the age of 1, 2 and 4-years after pruning.Decline in crop production occurs at the age of 4-years after pruning, marked by number of accumulative pecco shoots, weight per pecco shoot and length of internodia is lower.Key words: tea, pruning, altitude, ecophysiology of te
Performance of Agro-Morphology and Genetic Parameter of 12 Rice Genotypes at Lowland Rice Irrigation
Get PDFABSTRACTResearch to study performance of agro-morfology and genetic parameters of twelve rice genotypes at lowland rice irrigation was conducted at Giripeni, Kulon Progo, Yogyakarta, during the wet season of November 2011 to February 2012. Twelve rice genotypess, namely Inpari 1, Inpari 2, Inpari 3, Inpari 4, Inpari 5, Inpari 6, Inpari 7, Ciherang, Dodokan, Silugonggo, Situ Bagendit, and IR64 were arranged in a randomized complete block design in three replications. Seedling of 15 days was planted in legowo 4:1, with one seedling per hill, spacing of 25 x 12,5 x 50 cm, in plot size of 5 x 10 m2. Time application and dosage of fertilizer were :1) Three days before planting with 2 t/ha organic, 2) Five days after planting with 300 kg/ha Phonska, 3) At 21 days after planting with 100 kg Urea/ha; and 4) At 35 days after planting with 100 kg Urea/ha. Data indicated that Inpari 3, Inpari 5 and Inpari 1 yielded 7.55; 7.44; and 6.98 t ha -1 respectively, and significantly higher than that of the best check variety Ciherang (6.26 t ha-1 ). Broad genetic variabilities were found for grain yield, panicle number per hill, filled grain per panicle, and total grain per panicle. High heritability estimate was found for 1000-grain weight, filled grain per panicle, total grain per panicle, panicle number per hill, plant height, and maturity. Genetic and phenotypic correlation between filled grain per panicle and yield, total grain per panicle and yield, and panicle number per hill and yield showed significantly different.Key words : agro-morphology, genetic parameter, rice genotype, lowland irrigatio