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Wat is esthetisch counselen? Enkele reflecties bij kunstwerken in de geestelijke verzorging
No full textMartin Walton (2022) heeft het thema esthetisch counselen uitdrukkelijk op de agenda gezet van de geestelijke verzorging. Deze benadering richt zich op de begeleiding van cliënten waarbij bewust tijd wordt besteed aan artistieke, culturele, symbolische en zintuiglijke uitingen. Daarnaast hoort bij esthetisch counselen aandacht voor de natuur, voor de concrete setting waarin het contact plaatsvindt, en voor de non-verbale communicatie. Het betreft dus een bandbreedte aan fenomenen waarbij alle zintuigen geprikkeld worden
Experts, practices, power:The work of international criminal court reform
No full textThis chapter takes the example of the International Criminal Court’s ‘Independent Expert Review’ (IER) of 2020 to reflect on the theory and practice of expert reform work. Taking actor-network theory’s prompt that systems – like international organisations – are neither static nor fixed, but ‘in a perpetual state of forming and reforming’, I read reform neither as rational science nor as a mere reproduction of hegemony, but as the expert reassembly of the ICC’s context, problems, resources, and priorities. In the IER example, the expert work of reform and reassembly effected nothing less than the recalibration of the relationship between the Court and its states parties. Through their work, experts knit together ideas of autonomy and accountability, their training, investigatory processes, documents, and resource and time constraints to centre the efficiency concerns of wealthy states parties in the judicial and prosecutorial function. In this way, expert reform work illustrates the power of expert articulation by putting abstract expectations, ideas, ‘realities’, constraints, and materials into organisational action in deeply distributive ways
The Cautionary Account of Supererogation
No full textThe problem of supererogation has attracted significant attention from contemporary moral philosophers. In this paper, we show that this problem was outlined in different terms in the work of the 11th century Persian philosopher Abu Ali Miskawayh. As well as identifying this problem, Miskawayh also developed a unique solution cashed out in terms of virtue ethics that has not yet been considered in the contemporary literature. We will argue that this solution, which is in its general form independent of virtue ethics, provides a plausible explanation of what makes some acts supererogatory and faces two important advantages over the most popular response to the problem of supererogation, The Sacrifice View. Unlike The Sacrifice View, The Cautionary Account can class acts of benevolence that advance the agent's own interests as supererogatory and easily explain why certain acts of sacrifice are neither permissible nor praiseworthy
The quadratic minimum spanning tree problem: Lower bounds via extended formulations
No full textThe quadratic minimum spanning tree problem (QMSTP) is the problem of finding a spanning tree of a graph such that the total interaction cost between pairs of edges in the tree is minimized. We first show that the bounding approaches for the QMSTP in the literature are closely related. Then, we exploit an extended formulation for the minimum spanning tree problem to derive a sequence of relaxations for the QMSTP with increasing complexity and quality. The resulting relaxations differ from the relaxations in the literature. Namely, our relaxations have a polynomial number of constraints and can be efficiently solved by a cutting plane algorithm. Moreover our bounds outperform most of the bounds from the literature
The Cautionary Account of Supererogation
No full textThe problem of supererogation has attracted significant attention from contemporary moral philosophers. In this paper, we show that this problem was outlined in different terms in the work of the 11th century Persian philosopher Abu Ali Miskawayh. As well as identifying this problem, Miskawayh also developed a unique solution cashed out in terms of virtue ethics that has not yet been considered in the contemporary literature. We will argue that this solution, which is in its general form independent of virtue ethics, provides a plausible explanation of what makes some acts supererogatory and faces two important advantages over the most popular response to the problem of supererogation, The Sacrifice View. Unlike The Sacrifice View, The Cautionary Account can class acts of benevolence that advance the agent's own interests as supererogatory and easily explain why certain acts of sacrifice are neither permissible nor praiseworthy
The effect of transparent unequal penalty rates on safety compliance for different sized businesses
No full textThe present study investigates the relation of procedural transparency and compliance with authorities’ regulations. The underlying assumption is that procedural transparency encourages compliance with regulations. In an incentivized experiment, 666 participants took on the role of a business owner and had to fill in a form and spend a certain amount of their income as compliance costs to adhere to safety rules. In a 2 (Business Size: small vs. big) x 2 (Penalty Rate: equal vs. unequal) x 2 (Penalty Scheme: transparent vs non-transparent) between-subjects design, we investigated whether an unequal penalty rate for small size in contrast to big size businesses had a different effect on compliance when this difference was transparent compared to when it was not transparent. Business income, compliance costs, and audit probability were varied within-subject, over 18 decision rounds. We find that the deterring effect of a higher penalty rate for big size compared to small size businesses under a non-transparent unequal penalty scheme is attenuated when the same information is available. This supports the idea of a backfiring effect and suggest that authorities need to carefully consider what information about their procedures to communicate in order to avoid unintended negative effects of increasing transparency
A scoping review:Understanding brain tumor patients' decisional needs and preferences
No full textBackground Informed, value-based healthcare decisions depend on individuals' decisional needs and preferences. Adequately addressing them may improve decision experience and quality. This scoping review aims to assess study findings on decisional needs and preferences of patients with a brain tumor (PwBT) (glioma, meningioma, brain metastases) throughout the disease trajectory, including findings on decision aids and interventions.Method The methodological framework by Arksey & O-Malley for scoping reviews was used. A systematic search was performed in PubMed.Results We identified 20 studies on decisional needs and preferences of PwBT and 6 studies on decision aids. Most patients prefer a collaborative or active role in decision-making, and they value quality of life (QoL), functional independence, and survival as treatment outcomes. Patients require tailored amounts and types of information and need support maintaining hope, establishing trust, and with diminished medical decision-making abilities. Decision aids focused on information provision or shared decision-making (SDM), with mixed results on patient participation and satisfaction.Discussion SDM could help address PwBT's needs and preferences. QoL and functional independence are crucial yet underexplored factors in decision-making. Further research is needed to better integrate individual patient outcome preferences into SDM and to evaluate tools that support informed and value-based decisions
EEG data of 239 participants during passive viewing of IAPS images in clearly distinct valence categories (positive, neutral, negative) with MatLab scripts
No full textThe dataset contains EEG data (raw and preprocessed) of 239 participants that passively viewed 150 IAPS images in three clearly distinct valence categories (positive, neutral, and negative) based on normative valence ratings. Participants provided subjective ratings for each image. MatLab analysis scripts are included