232451 research outputs found
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Cassatie in het belang der wet:De in het kader van een pilot gehanteerde werkwijze dat de raadsheer-commissaris beslist dat getuigen worden gehoord door een senior gerechtsjurist, is niet toelaatbaar.
No full textCassatie in het belang van de wet. Bij het Gerechtshof Arnhem-Leeuwarden heeft een pilot plaatsgevonden waarin met instemming van het openbaar ministerie en de verdediging getuigen zijn gehoord door een door de raadsheer-commissaris aangewezen senior gerechtsjurist als bedoeld in artikel 14 lid 1 aanhef en onder b van de Wet op de rechterlijke organisatie. Het Wetboek van Strafvordering voorziet echter niet in die mogelijkheid
The impact of once daily dosing on protein binding of clozapine and norclozapine
No full textPurpose/background: Clozapine and norclozapine are highly protein bound. Currently, clozapine is increasingly prescribed once daily (QD). Higher (once daily) doses may theoretically lead to saturation of protein binding of (nor)clozapine, resulting in increased unbound fractions. This study investigated whether protein binding of clozapine and norclozapine becomes saturated at higher concentrations. Secondly, the correlation between unbound (nor)clozapine fractions and alpha-1 acid glycoprotein (AGP) concentrations was studied.Methods/procedures: From 44 patients taking clozapine QD or twice daily a total of 319 blood samples were collected at different time points within a dose interval. AGP concentrations were measured in samples drawn just before clozapine intake. A validated liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry method was used for quantification of the (nor)clozapine concentrations. Ultrafiltration was used to separate the bound and unbound molecules. The relation between total concentrations and fractions, and between unbound fractions and AGP concentrations were investigated using linear mixed model analysis.Findings/results: There was no significant correlation between total clozapine ( P = 0.270) and norclozapine ( P = 0.678) concentrations and its unbound fractions with total clozapine concentrations up to 1500 μg/L. A statistically significant (negative) correlation between AGP concentrations and clozapine ( P = 0.000) and norclozapine ( P = 0.028) unbound fractions was found.Implications/conclusions: In general, total concentrations remain suitable for therapeutic drug monitoring if clozapine is used once daily. Future research is needed to define if higher total concentrations are warranted in case of lower unbound fractions due to increased AGP concentrations
De keerzijde van intra-EU arbeidsmobiliteit
No full textGeneraties arbeidsmigranten werkten en werken onder gunstige voorwaarden in andere EU-lidstaten, maar intra-EU arbeidsmigratie is niet langer meer zo vanzelfsprekend als het ooit was. Helen Oosterom-Staples staat stil bij de gevolgen van de uitoefening van dit recht in gastlidstaten en herkomstlidstaten. Zo blijkt dat de lusten en lasten van deze arbeidsmobiliteit ongelijk zijn verdeeld, tussen deze lidstaten, tussen verschillende maatschappelijke groepen binnen beide, en tussen EU-lidstaten en derde staten. Een van de reacties van herkomstlidstaten is om het gebruik van intra-EU- arbeidsmobiliteit te ontmoedigen met nationale wetgeving. Twee uitspraken van het Hof van Justitie over een nationale regeling die de intra-EU arbeidsmobiliteit minder aantrekkelijk maakte, ter bescherming van het evenwicht van het socialezekerheidsstelsel, worden geanalyseerd. Deze bijdrage wordt afgesloten met een vraag aan de lezer: Wie moet de prijs van het recht op intra-EU mobiliteit betalen
An introduction to contemporary Italian thought:From posthumanism to cyberfascism
No full textOver the past three decades, Italian thought has emerged as a major field within continental philosophy. But what are the latest developments since Italian theory rose to a peak of popularity in the 2000s? This book offers an accessible and incisive introduction to contemporary Italian thought, revealing above all its continued relevance to some of the most pressing political, social and ethical conflicts today.Broadening the idea of Italian thought beyond biopolitics, An Introduction to Contemporary Italian Thought engages with a number of leading and upcoming philosophers, including Silvia Federici, Rosi Braidotti, Donatella di Cesare, Emanuele Coccia, Sandro Mezzadra, Franco 'Bifo' Berardi and Federico Luisetti. It demonstrates how Italian theory resonates in a wide variety of current debates, from digital technology, pandemics and populism to cyberfascism, environmentalism and decolonization. This not only uncovers the fruitfulness of Italian philosophy but further allows for fresh perspectives on debates dominated by well-trodden and often dated arguments. In consideration of populism, for instance, this book does not so much examine Donald Trump but rather turns to Silvio Berlusconi and Giorgia Meloni, just as its discussions of the digitization of work look beyond Silicon Valley to working conditions in EU and Global South from the perspective of Italian (post)workerism, and the Anthropocene is considered in light of radical zoological egalitarianism as it emerges in contemporary Italian thought.Tackling head-on the complex and porous notion of what constitutes 'Italian thought', Christiaens, De Bloois and De Cauwer bring new understanding to contemporary Italian theory and, with it, novel perspectives on current critical issues
Informal hierarchy and crowdsourcing team performance:The mediating effect of idea quantity and the moderating effect of team familiarity
No full textAs an informal hierarchy system is widely adopted in crowdsourcing contest communities, hierarchical differentiation has become ubiquitous in crowdsourcing teams. Recent literature suggests that hierarchy can undermine team performance by discouraging low-status members from voicing their potentially valuable insights. In light of this negative effect, we draw on the framework of Motivated Information Processing in Groups (MIP-G) to investigate the mechanism underlying the hierarchy-team performance link as well as how to alleviate the detrimental effect of hierarchy. Based on analyses of archival data collected from an online crowdsourcing contest community, we find that informal hierarchy negatively affects crowdsourcing team performance and idea quantity serves as the mechanism. Furthermore, we show that this negative effect can be attenuated by two types of team familiarity: familiarity established by prior shared working experience and familiarity with hierarchical working relationships. Taken together, we contribute to the literature on crowdsourcing teams, hierarchy, and MIP-G framework
AI governance and taxpayers’ rights in a digital age
No full textThis article addresses the challenges faced by tax administrations, organizations, and policymakers arising from the use of Artificial Intelligence (AI). Several organizations such as the OECD, International Monetary Fund (IMF), Asian Development Bank (ADB), and the European Union (EU) have defined AI, however, finding a single definition is difficult. Therefore, it or its usage will be defined in accordance with the work of the organizations and taking into account the different sectors and stakeholders to which it will apply.Despite the lack of a single definition, using AI affords opportunities for tax administrations to improve compliance and communication with taxpayers. For instance, its multifaceted use in tax administration includes better taxpayer services, profiling, assessing risk of fraud, and other functions. However, there are challenges related to the ethical and legal dimensions associated with the utilization of AI.Considering the above, the main issue explored in this article is how taxpayers’ rights are influenced by the integration of AI in tax administrations. To address this question, this article is structured as follows. The first section provides an overview of the topic of AI and taxation outlining AI definitions, its unique characteristics, and its governance in taxation. Through exploring the existing literature on this topic, the authors aim to identify framework conditions that will enable the broad principles that govern AI while securing that tax authorities operate within defined boundaries, avoid overreach, and simultaneously safeguard the individual rights of taxpayers. Balance between leveraging AI for efficiency gains and preserving the principles of legality and individual rights remains central to this inquiry. The next part of the article demonstrates the relationship between AI in tax administrations and taxpayers’ rights, contextualizing the latter, highlighting their relevance and the effectiveness of the existing instruments in the protection of taxpayers’ rights in the era of AI. The article concludes with a proposal for a new framework for protecting taxpayers’ rights in the digital age
Towards credible corporate net-zero commitments?:On the role of unfair commercial practices law in contesting global value chain greenwashing
No full textCorporate net-zero commitments are voluntary, forward-looking statements regarding a company’s public commitment to reduce greenhouse gas emissions along its global value chain (GVC). These commitments are part of a wider set of strategies that aim at reducing the environmental impact of business operations in GVCs. Whether this particular strategy of greening GVCs can meet that goal fundamentally depends on the credibility of these commitments. Without it, critics say, the pledges amount to nothing less than corporate greenwashing. In this Chapter, I discuss the various credibility concerns of corporate net-zero commitments to identify and critically analyse the potential of unfair commercial practices laws to contest this form of GVC greenwashing. By focusing the analysis on the European legal framework, I demonstrate that such laws offer important relative benefits over other domains of private law in making the corporate commitments credible. They complement and reinforce other public and private regulatory efforts to ensure the adequacy and integrity of these pledges. Unfair commercial practices law therefore constitutes an important legal strategy for regulating sustainability in GVCs, one that corporations in the chain need to recon with when communicating net-zero targets to downstream market actors
Healthcare utilization and costs for cardiovascular diseases across different levels of bundled payment adoption in general practice: A data linkage study
No full textBackground: Bundled payments for patients with cardiovascular diseases (CVD) aim to enhance primary care utilization in the Netherlands.Objective: This study assesses changes in healthcare utilization patterns and costs for CVD between 2014 and 2019, while investigating the potential association with bundled payment adoption.Method: We studied patients at very high risk for CVD with routinely recorded nationwide healthcare data, using an observational study design. Multilevel logistic- and gamma regressions were conducted to assess healthcare utilizations patterns between 2014 and 2019, and the impact of bundled payments on the likelihood of receiving medical specialist care and the height of associated costs.Results: The odds of medical specialist involvement declined over time for the 152,591 unique patients included in our study. Practices with a higher level of bundled payments had lower odds of medical specialist involvement. Medical specialist costs did also significantly decrease between 2014 and 2019, and patients in practices with the highest level of bundled payments had significantly lower medical specialist costs. When general practice costs were included however, healthcare costs per patient stayed the same, both over time and stratified by use of bundled payments.Conclusion: Our findings suggest an association between bundled payments and specialized healthcare use, potentially facilitating the transition to primary care. While we found no evidence for costs savings, our findings do suggest that due to bundled payments more patients are actively monitored
What has been the impact of western governments’ laws and policies on the mental health of asylum seekers and refugees?:A Systematic-narrative hybrid literature review
No full textThis article reviews research on the causal impact of Western governments’ laws and policies on the mental health of asylum seekers and refugees. The systematic-narrative hybrid literature review yielded 34 studies using quantitative, qualitative and mixed methods approaches, focusing almost exclusively on restrictive and deterrence-oriented measures. The synthesis shows that, over the last two decades, Western governments’ laws and policies around detention, access to basic rights, asylum procedure, and reception have had a substantial and almost exclusively negative impact on the mental health of protection seekers. Based on our findings, we urge legislators and policymakers to consider the long-term consequences and costs of the laws and policies they introduce, within and beyond the realm of mental health. In addition, we highlight the need for more research on governmental measures that are likely to have a positive impact on the mental health of asylum seekers and refugees
‘You are shaken awake!’:a qualitative study on using virtual reality to understand patients’ experiences
No full textPurpose of the article: Medical professionals may get to appreciate the experience of patients, without being patients themselves. This study explored whether VR technology can be useful for teaching medical professionals about patient experiences.Materials and methods: A VR movie was made, showing a fictitious but realistic patient experience. Nineteen medical professionals, selected by a non-probability sampling method, saw this movie. Focus group discussions and interviews were held afterwards. Data were thematically analyzed with independent coding. Codes and (sub)themes were discussed within the research team.Results: Immediately after viewing, medical professionals felt ‘shaken awake’ and after several weeks, they maintained a heightened awareness of patient experiences in their daily practice. The VR movie was seen as a valuable teaching tool, despite the passive viewer role. The VR movie made them aware of three aspects of the doctor-patient relationship: a) paying attention, b) a person-centered approach, and c) building confidence.Conclusions: A VR movie helps medical professionals to ‘see’ and ‘feel’ what patients experience. The character in the VR movie is unable to respond to the fellow characters, underlining the passivity of patients. VR-glasses can be an easy way to encounter what others experience, although a blended learning approach, using passive patients’ roles with VR-technology and active participation with role play methods, is recommended