Jurnal Manajemen Hutan Tropika
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Optimizing DNA Extraction and Selecting Suitable Regions for Biodiversity Assessment: A Study on Shorea leprosula
Full text linkThe extraction method plays a crucial role in obtaining high-quality DNA samples, which is indispensable for various molecular biology techniques and analyses, enabling a deeper comprehension of genetic information and biological processes. The objectives of the study were: a) to optimize the chloroplast DNA extraction protocol by comparing modified CTAB methods and GeneAid for both leaf and wood samples of Shorea leprosula, a major commercial timber species, and b) to identify a suitable cpDNA region that exhibits variability and universality across taxa. Total DNA was analyzed by gel electrophoresis followed by Sanger sequencing to determine the amplification success. The results revealed that trnL intron, trnL-trnF, and trnG yielded readable sequences of the expected length (maximum 586 bp, 480 bp, and 908 bp, respectively), while the rps 16 intron failed to assemble a contig. The petL-psbE region provided long readability for reverse sequences (769 bp) but not for the forward sequence (195 bp). Higher successful DNA extraction was achieved from the leaves compared to the woods. The lower sequencing quality may be attributed to suboptimal primer design, the structural features of the regions resulting from extensive repetitive sequences, and the suboptimal condition of the extraction method in eliminating wood chemical compounds
Diversity of Collembola on Various Post-Rehabilitation Land Covers
Full text linkThe success of rehabilitation has altered environmental conditions from critical land to new habitats for living organisms. One of the representative and sensitive mesofauna to environmental changes is Collembola. Various vegetation cover almost all of the rehabilitation area, which has impacts on microclimate and soil quality as important factors to Collembola existence. This study investigated the diversity and abundance of Collembola and its relation to environmental factors on various land covers, including teak, grass, and mixed stand land cover. Data were collected in an observation plot of 20 m × 20 m using purposive samples, including environmental measurements, Collembola collection, and soil samples for physical and chemical analysis. The results showed that different land covers affected the abundance and diversity of Collembola, even though the statistical analyses of TLC, GLC, and MLC were not significantly different. However, TLC has a higher litter thickness and organic material than the other land cover types. A few families of Collembola, such as Cyphoderidae, Brachystomellidae, Katiannidae, Isotomidae, Oncopoduridae, and Isotogastruridae, show their correlation to climatic and edaphic factors in a certain land cover
The Potential Ecological Impact of Oil Palm Agroforestry as Term of Improvement for Restoring Harapan Rainforest
Full text linkAround 20.000 ha of forestland in the Harapan Rainforest, Jambi Province, Indonesia, is currently under encroachment by local communities. Local communities encroach on forest land converted into oil palm plantations. Expanding oil palm plantations into forest areas led to biodiversity loss and massive carbon emissions. The annual net carbon emissions of oil palm transformation from the forest in Indonesia is around 12.41–25.83 ton-1 ha-1 year-1. Oil palm agroforestry is considered to be able to increase carbon sequestration and the biodiversity level. CRC-990/EFForTS has established an oil palm agroforestry experimental plot in Jambi Province, Indonesia, namely B11 plot. This study compares the carbon sequestration and biodiversity level between oil palm monoculture and agroforestry. The data collected in this study was obtained from the CRC-990 experimental plots. We collected data on the CRC-990 oil palm agroforestry plot in 6 plots of 40 m × 40 m and 6 plots of 20 m × 20 m. We chose the location and theme of this research because, until now, no research has been conducted yet to calculate the potential carbon absorption capacity and biodiversity level of oil palm agroforestry patterns in B11 plot. This study uses an allometric equation and IPCC guidelines to estimate biomass and carbon sequestration. SNI 8014 is used to evaluate the biodiversity level. This study found that oil palm agroforestry has more significant carbon sequestration. Increasing intercropping in oil palm agroforestry will increase the amount of carbon sequestration. This study also found that oil palm agroforestry has a higher biodiversity level. The species diversity of oil palm agroforestry is moderate, while oil palm monoculture is low. These potential ecological impacts can be considered an initial step in restoring the Harapan Rainforest. It is important to choose appropriate intercrops and proper management to increase the successful implementation of oil palm agroforestry
Distribution of Stingless Bee (Trigona spp.) from Meliponiculture in South Sumatra Province, Indonesia
Full text linkThis study aims to determine species distribution by observing the stingless bees cultivated by the community in South Sumatra Province using meliponiculture. By visiting boxes and studying the entrance and characteristics of stingless bee hives at each research location, bee samples were obtained in six districts or cities where beekeepers exist. The study was conducted from January 2023 to May 2023. The type of bee species was identified in each culture box, the diameter of the entrance was measured, and the diameters of the honey pot and brood cell pot were measured. A descriptive analysis was performed to gain an overview of each entrance and nest. Based on the identification results, eight different varieties of stingless bees were discovered. Each research site had an unequal distribution of the eight varieties of bees. Lepidotrigona terminata, Heterotrigona itama, Lophotrigona canifrons, Geniotrigona thoracica, Tetrigona apicalis, Tetragonula testaceitarsis, Tetragonula fuscobalateata, and Tetragonula laeviceps are examples of stingless bees. Variations in the size of identified stingless bees affect the size of the hive, brood cell, honey pot, and entrance. The nest, brood cells, honey pot, and entrance grow in proportion to the size of the stingless bee. Differences in the form and size of the entrance can also distinguish between species
Phosphorus Availability Affecting the Diversity of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi (AMF) in the Artisanal Gold Mining Area
Full text linkArbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) diversity is influenced by biotic and abiotic factors. Several studies have shown the presence of AMF in ex-gold mining areas with low soil fertility and heavy metal accumulation. The purpose of this study was to analyze the diversity of AMF species in artisanal gold mining areas. The experimental design used is randomized group design with two treatment factors: the interval distance range from tailings disposal point (A) and the vegetation type (B). Interval distance treatment consisted of two levels (A1: 0-10 m and A2: 10-20 m). Vegetation type treatment (B) consists of three levels (B1: Theobroma cacao, B2: Mangifera indica, B3: Artocarpus heterophyllus). Some types of AMF spores found are Acaulospora sp. 1, Acaulospora sp. 2, Acaulospora sp. 3, Acaulospora sp. 4, and Acaulospora sp. 5. The index of species richness and diversity of AMF species in the artisanal gold mining area is low. The existence of AMF symbiosis with plants in artisanal gold mining areas is also indicated by the presence of colonization in the roots of T. cacao, M. indica, and A. heterophyllus with a low to medium category. Pearson correlation test results showed that AMF species diversity index and P availability were not correlated (r = -0.204, p-value = 0.699). Pearson correlation test results also show that AMF colonization and P availability are not correlated (r = -0.756, p-value = 0.082). Although not correlated, based on the graph, it can be seen that the higher the available P element, the smaller the index value of species diversity and AMF colonization
Pioneering Conservation Efforts with Crowdfunding Scheme for the Sumatran Tiger Conflict
Full text linkHuman-wildlife conflicts present significant challenges in conservation efforts. This study delves into the effectiveness of crowdfunding, intervention mechanisms, and communication initiatives in addressing the human-wildlife conflict, specifically concerning the sumatran tiger. By leveraging data from NGO web platforms, exploratory documentation, national records, and a broad spectrum of literature reviews, we aimed to unravel the nuanced dynamics of these initiatives in the conservation framework. Our findings indicate that while crowdfunding platforms such as the sapu jerat campaign offer innovative fundraising avenues, the harmonized efforts of communication strategies and robust intervention mechanisms create lasting impacts. This study underscores the essence of multifaceted approaches, stressing the value of stakeholder collaborations, including NGOs, local communities, and governmental agencies. Furthermore, this research accentuates the increasing role of digital tools in enhancing conservation efforts, suggesting a paradigm shift in contemporary conservation strategies. Hence, this study offers invaluable insights for conservationists, decision-makers, and NGOs aiming to optimize their strategies in the context of human-wildlife conflicts. At a more detailed level, the intervention mechanisms of the Sumatran Tiger Project demonstrate the importance of adaptive management, inter-agency collaboration, and sustainable financing as key components. This study highlights that the combination of technology, community involvement, strategic planning, and effective storytelling can provide a sustainable future for the sumatran tiger.
 
Development Strategy of Potential Non-Timber Forest Product Commodities in the Boti Indigenous Community, Indonesia
Full text linkThe Boti indigenous community on Timor Island utilizes non-timber forest products for their daily lives, but there is a lack of information about their potential and sustainable use, which requires an empowerment initiative for them. This study aims to investigate the potential and utilization of NTFPs while also formulating an NTFPs development strategy in Boti Village. A combined method, including literature review, plot measurement, socio-economic surveys, and interviews, was used to collect data. NTFPs were evaluated for their potential using the importance value index; their utilization was studied through an ethnobotanical survey; and an NTFP development strategy was formulated utilizing a SWOT-PESTLE analysis. The results show that three types—candlenut, tamarind, and lac tree—dominate among the 13 species of the NTFPs. NTFPs are used for various purposes, such as medicinal, natural dye weaving, and selling to raise household income. The NTFPs development in Boti village needs to be prioritized, with a focus on increasing the added value of NTFPs through funding, facilitation, technological assistance, planting and preserving, collaborating more, and enforcing formal and customary rules. The results can be used as a baseline or reference for sustainable NTFP management and the empowerment of the Boti indigenous community.
 
Edge Effect on Bird Community in Ternate, North Maluku, Indonesia
Full text linkThe edge is a meeting place between two ecosystems, or it can also be interpreted as a boundary where two habitats meet and interact. The presence of edges can create an edge effect and increase richness and species abundance. In the present study, we analyzed how edge and vegetation diversity affect a) bird communities and b) how birds respond to edges. Observation plots were placed in jamblang stands and coconut plantations (edge and interior). Bird communities were observed using point counts with a fixed radius of 25 m, and the distance between plots was 50 m. A survey of vegetation diversity was conducted using a combination of the transect and plot methods. The research showed that the highest species richness and diversity of birds (128 individuals of 18 species) and vegetation (168 individuals of 20 species) were found at the edge, although there were only slight differences in the number of species in each habitat. This was influenced by the structure and composition of the vegetation at the observation site. Nevertheless, this proves that the edge effect shapes the composition of bird communities. There are 9 species of bird can be mapped into 4 response models: generalis neutral, generalist edge exploiter, specialist edge exploiter, and edge specialist