Jurnal Manajemen Hutan Tropika
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A Three Decades Assessment of Forest Cover Changes in The Mountainous Tropical Forest of Timor Island, Indonesia
Get PDFThe Mutis Timau Forest Complex (MTFC), a remained mountainous tropical forest area in Timor Island, located in Indonesia and Timor-Leste border region, tends to decrease gradually. Unfortunately, declined forest area and their rates are not explained by reliable spatial and quantitative information. This study attempts to assess the extent and rate of forest cover changes in the MTFC during the last 30 years. We used Landsat images on three different dates: 1987, 1999, and 2017. Then, we applied a hybrid classification approach that combines the application of Forest Canopy Density model-obtained from four biophysical indices and supervised classification-maximum likelihood classification to generate land cover maps. Finally, we detected forest cover change by comparing land cover map in different years. Results illustrated that the extent and annual rate of deforestation, forest degradation, forest regrowth, and afforestation during 1987–2017 were 2,232 ha (0.36%), 4,820 ha (1.10%), 1,475 ha (0.69%), and 1,252 ha (0.40%), respectively. Such results are important for the MTFC authority to establish appropriate plan and strategies in forest management activities and can be used to support some policies/programs for combating deforestation and forest degradation
Effects of Indole Acetic Acid (IAA) and Indole Butyric Acid (IBA) to The Growth and Rooting of Ironwood (Eusideroxylon zwageri Teijsm. & Binn.) Air Layering
No full textDue to over exploitation, the population of Eusideroxylon zwageri is decreasing drastically. One simple technique to conserve the last remaining genetic resources of E. zwageri is by air layering. The experiment was divided into two. The experiment was conducted from July 2018 to February 2019. The first experiment was conducted using branches that grew from coppices while the second experiment using twigs that grew from normal adult trees. Randomized Block Design was applied with three replicates. The treatments were consisted of nine concentration of auxin namely 0 ppm of auxin; 1, 000 ppm; 1,500 ppm; 2,000 ppm and 2,500 ppm of IAA and 1,000 ppm; 2,000 ppm; 3,000 ppm and 4,000 ppm of IBA. The result of experiment shows that the IBA growth regulator seems to be more effective in regulating growth and rooting of E. zwageri air layering compared to IAA. Results for air layering which was taken from coppices revealed that 1,000 ppm of IBA obtained the best results. Air layering of branches taken from coppice is possible even without any additional growth regulator. While, air layering of twigs which was taken from normal trees revealed that the best treatment is 3,000 ppm of IBA
Food Security Status in Agroforestry Landscapes of Way Betung Watershed, Indonesia and Molawin Dampalit Sub Watershed, Philippines
Get PDFIndonesia and Philippines are homes of biodiversity in Southeast Asia. In recent years, however, there has been a decline in biodiversity brought about by land use change. This condition poses threat on the food security of communities around the watersheds. The type and volume of main food items depend on the ecological and physiological conditions of the watersheds, in this case, Way Betung and Molawin Dampalit. When edible food is sufficient and available in an area, there is higher livelihood that the communities are food secured. This paper argues based on research which has been conducted in May to November 2015 that the food security of communities in the selected agroforestry landscapes in Way Betung and Molawin Dampalit have moderate. Levels of its food security based on four dimensions, namely: food availability, food accessibility, food stability and food utilization. Amounted 261 Indonesia farmer’s respondents and 106 Philippine’s respondents mentioned that the farm households generally practice agroforestry where the production of short-term and medium-term agricultural crops, woody perennials and livestock are deliberately combined. The type of crops grown by the farm households contribute to the level of food security
The Implication of Spatial Ecology Dependence on Spatial Arrangement in Boundary Area
No full textLand use changes in upstream cause flooding in the middle and downstreams so that appropriate spatial planning is required. The study aims to (1) analyze the forest management in ecologycal region percpective community, unilateral and bilateral on the boundary areas of Indonesia and Timor Leste, (2) analyze dependence of spatial-ecology with income farmers, and (3) analyze descriptively the spatial planning of border regions. The data used were secondary and primary data which were obtained from Indonesia and Timor Leste. Primary data sampling technique using multistage sampling, namely cluster sampling for the sample village representing the upstream, middle, and downstream of the watershed; while the sample of farmers using purposive sampling. The analysis used was descriptive analyisis which was used to analyze management of forest in ecologycal region on boundary area. Then, the spatial durbin model was used to analyze the dependence effect of spatial-ecology on farmer income in transboundary watershed. The spatial durbin model showed that farmers’ income in the downstream of transboundary watershed will be reduced because patterns of farming on upperstream transboundary watershed tends to be exploitative. This implication required administrative and spatial ecology perspective in boundary spatial planning.
Quality of Genetically-Improved Acacia auriculiformis For Renewable Short-Rotation Wood-Energy
Get PDFTo be viable, fast-growing energy plantations must be large in volume, harvested at early age, and maximized calorific value which linked to heartwood proportion. This study examines 38 families in the second generation (F2) progeny trial of Acacia auriculiformis for energy. Heartwood proportion, calorific value and lignin content were assessed at ages 22, 30, 35, and 40 months. Wood samples from around 300 selected individuals of observed ages from all families were examined. Quality was based on heartwood and sapwood development until reaching the commercial requirement of >33% for lignin content and >4,500 cal g-1 for calorific value. When required quality has been obtained at particular age, assessment of biomass was carried out from all final individuals in the progeny test. Heartwood proportion varies among families. Heartwood possesses higher values than sapwood in lignin content and calorific value. Individuals with higher heartwood proportion are preferred. Both wood types only reached the required quality for solid wood energy after 3.5 years, however lignin content at much early age are appropriate for wood pellet and briquette. Selection improves heartwood proportion and quality from the first generation (F1) into F2 with an increase of 52% at three years. Mean annual increments at 3.5 years is 43 m3ha-1yr-1.
Comparison of Nyamplung Plant Establishment: Direct Seeding, Bare-root, Blocked Media, and Containerized Seedlings
No full textNyamplung (Calophyllum inophyllum L.), a native multipurpose tree species, produces good general-purpose timber, biodiesel, and medicine. The most widely used method of establishing the species is transplanting nursery-grown containerized seedlings. The research was aimed to compare the success of plant establishment methods, including direct seeding, direct seeding using seed pellet, bare-root seedling, containerized, and blocked media seedlings. Randomized block design with three blocks was set up for evaluation of field performances including seedling survival, height, collar diameter, root development, and biomass at nine months old. The estimated cost based on 1000 target plants in each method was calculated. Seedling grown up on blocked media and containerized media had the highest field performances (survival, growth, and biomass) followed by bare-root seedlings. Direct seeding using seed pellet tended to have better root formation, especially in tap root length, tap root biomass, and bellow-ground biomass. Based on the cost estimation, direct seeding was twice lower compared to transplanting of containerized and blocked media seedlings. However, planting of blocked media and containerized seedlings was more effective in rapidly growth and establishing canopy, but need higher cost. Whereas direct seeding using seed pellet was more cost efficient. Direct seeding using seed pellet was a promising alternative method for plant establishment of nyamplung
Natural Regeneration Population of Batang Rattan (Calamus zollingeri Beccari) in Nupabomba Village, Production Forest Area, Central Sulawesi
No full textThis research aimed to obtain information on the abundance and natural regeneration population of Calamus zollingeri Beccari and identify dominant trees in the site. The study used the descriptive method with a survey technique. A transect of 520 m consisting of 13 plots of 20 × 20 m was established. The number of individuals, the lengths, and diameters of the stems for the seedlings, young, semi-mature, and mature cutting rattan were recorded along with the surrounding vegetation. Relative density, the frequency of rattan plants and trees were summed to obtain the important value index (IVI) of each growth rate. The results showed that the natural regeneration population was quite abundant, i.e. 738.46, 296.15, 132.69, and 25.00 stems ha-1 for seedlings, young, semi-mature, and mature rattan, respectively as a response to logging in which a number of the seedlings tended to increase after logging. The trees associated with C. zollingeri were Baccaurea rasemosa, Celtis philippensis, and Fagraea fragrans. The existence of seedling regeneration is a guarantee to the sustainability of C. zollingeri in the future. Therefore, forests with rattan need to be developed to improve the preservation, utilization, and conservation of its genetic resources, as well as enhancing the community awarenes
Ecological Impacts of Oil-Palm Plantation on Butterfly and Bird Species Diversity
Get PDFThe expansion of oil-palm plantations in Indonesia is often blamed as the driving causes of deforestation and impacts on environmental changes including the destructed biodiversity. Our understanding regarding environmental impacts on biodiversity is still limited. We address this issue by examining the diversity of butterfly and bird species under two type habitat conditions in Central Borneo. We calculated the butterfly and bird species number, richness, evenness, similarity, and composition inside the established oil-plantation area comprising four large-scale plantations and seven smallholding plantations, as habitat after plantation establishment. In comparison, we did so similarly inside secondary forest and shrubs, as habitat before oil-palm plantation establishment. Our results revealed that the habitat after plantation establishment exhibited a higher number of butterfly and bird species than the habitat beforehand. However, the richness, evenness, and similarity indices for the species revealed variations, which were affected by dominant species in two habitats. The establishment of oil-palm plantation brought about significant impacts on the composition of species and affected the species similarities between two habitats. The oil-palm plantation landscape and reserved forest vegetation were essential in supporting diversity and ecological role of species on habitat condition after oil-palm plantation establishment