Jurnal Manajemen Hutan Tropika
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Implementation of Access and Benefit Sharing in Indonesia: Review and Case Studies
No full textThe Nagoya Protocol on Access and Benefit-Sharing (ABS) was adopted in 2010, but Parties have been facing many challenges to implement the Protocol. The objective of this paper is to provide information on the current status of the ABS implementation in Indonesia, and to present some case studies for drawing the lessons learned. Information was collected through desk study and a Focal Group Discussion involving 25 resource persons from various stakeholders. There were many institutions related to ABS, but unfortunately some key functions for ABS were still not assigned to a specific institution(s). For law and regulations, there was no law and regulations specifically created for ABS (except Law no. 11/2013 on the Ratification of the Nagoya Protocol), but many existing laws and regulations can be used to address various issues related to ABS. From three case studies presented, it was clear that there were many constraints and challenges to implement the Protocol. The institutional arrangement as well as law and regulations are very crucial to ensure a fair and equitable sharing of the benefits derived from the use of genetic resources, under Nagoya Protocol
The Examination of The Satellite Image-Based Growth Curve Model Within Mangrove Forest
Get PDFDeveloping growth curve for forest and environmental management is a crucial activity in forestry planning. This paper describes a proposed technique for developing a growth curve based on the SPOT 6 satellite imageries. The most critical step in developing a model is on pre-processing the images, particularly during performing the radiometric correction such as reducing the thin cloud. The pre-processing includes geometric correction, radiometric correction with image regression, and index calculation, while the processing technique include training area selection, growth curve development, and selection. The study found that the image regression offered good correction to the haze-distorted digital number. The corrected digital number was successfully implemented to evaluate the most accurate growth-curve for predicting mangrove. Of the four growth curve models, i.e., Standard classical, Richards, Gompertz, and Weibull models, it was found that the Richards is the most accurate model in predicting the mean annual increment and current annual increment. The study concluded that the growth curve model developed using high-resolution satellite image provides comparable accuracy compared to the terrestrial method. The model derived using remote sensing has about 9.16% standard of error, better than those from terrestrial data with 15.45% standard of error
Fertilization Effects on Early Growth, Aboveground Biomass, Carbon Storage, and Leaf Characteristics of Eucalyptus pellita F. Muell. in South Sumatera
No full textFertilization is one of the nutrient management efforts that play an important role in improving the productivity of plantation forests. It was conducted to provide adequate nutrients for the plant at the initial growth period when the availability of soil nutrients is very limited. The optimum dose of fertilization for each plant is different depending on its requirement, climate, and soil properties. This study investigated the influence of fertilization on early growth, aboveground biomass, carbon storage, and leaf characteristics in Eucalyptus pellita in the sixth months after field establishment. An experiment comprising four treatments of fertilization, i.e., 0, 75, 133, and 167 kg ha -1 of triple superphosphate 46% P2O5 was set up using randomized complete block design with five replications. Four indicators were selected to evaluate the early growth of E. pellita, namely survival rate, height, the collar of diameter, and crown projection area. Aboveground biomass and carbon storage of E. pellita were estimated in each component, covering stem, bark, branches, and leaves. The leaf characteristics of E. pellita were described by individual leaf area, individual leaf dry weight, specific leaf area, and leaf area index. Results showed that the different treatment of fertilization did not have a meaningful effect on survival rate, individual leaf area, and specific leaf area. The treatments presented a substantial effect on other indicators such as height, diameter, crown projection area, aboveground biomass, carbon storage, individual leaf dry weight, and leaf area index. Despite the fact that the highest mean of height and collar of diameter were observed in the dose of 167 kg ha -1, the greatest average of aboveground biomass and carbon storage were noted in the rate of 133 kg ha -1. Nevertheless, this study did not find a highly different performance of E. pellita between both treatments statistically
The Role of Tourism in Development: A Dilemma Between Economic Growth and Mangrove Forest Degradation (A Case Study of Regencies/Cities in North Maluku Province)
No full textThe establishment of the Morotai Island Regency as one of the 10 National Tourism Strategic Areas and Special Economic Zones is a central government strategy to accelerate the development of regencies/cities in North Maluku Province, which are still classified as underdeveloped regions in Eastern Indonesia. This study aims to analyze the influence of tourist arrival rate, price, human development index, and tourism promotion policy on economic growth by using regression of panel data of fixed-effect model (FEM) based on the feasible generalized least square (FGLS) VI method in eight regencies/cities in North Maluku Province during the period of 2012–2017. This finding shows that tourism development was closely related to economic growth, both in the short and long term. However, the development of tourism facilities and other supporting tourism facilities on the coast by coastal landfill had sacrificed the growth of coastal mangrove forests. Therefore, the local government is encouraged to issue regional regulations on the implementation of sustainable tourism businesses and educate the local community and visitors to play a role in protecting the environment of tourist destinations sustainable.
The Physiochemical Condition of Mangrove Ecosystems in The Coastal District of Sulamo, Kupang, East Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia
Get PDFVarious rehabilitation and restoration of mangrove forests have been done, but there have not been any significant results. The main reason for the various failures in this activity is that the effort is not based on scientific data such as the suitability of the physicochemical conditions of mangrove habitats along the beach coast of Sulamo District. The purpose of this research is to analyze the condition of salinity, the thickness of mud, and the beach slope of the selected mangrove locations Oeteta, Pariti, Beringin, and Pitai beaches. The salinity conditions show variations, ranging from 19 ppm to 42.33 ppm. The thickness of the mud shows the highest value at 79.11 cm and the slope of mangrove coastal 1–4%. This research shows that the condition of the mangrove ecosystem in the coastal district of Sulamo is still suitable for mangrove growth. This research provides a basic overview of mangrove ecosystem conditions located on the beach coast of the Sulamo district as the basis for planning rehabilitation programs and mangrove restorations in the research area
Factors Causing Failure of the REDD+ Program Implementation in Central Kalimantan
Get PDFDeforestation becomes a crucial issue in the context of climate change. Deforestation in Southeast Asia is more serious than in Amazonia and Central Africa due to forest clearing done for economic activities such as agriculture and timber production. Among the ASEAN countries, Indonesia contributes to the biggest number. In order to solve this issue, Indonesia cooperates with the Government of Norway to implement the Reducing Emission from Degradation and Deforestation Plus (REDD+) program. The program is implemented in several regions in Indonesia as pilot projects. One of them is in Central Kalimantan. Although many resources are spent to support the success of the program in Central Kalimantan, it seems that the program does not successfully solve the problem for Central Kalimantan Province suffers high degradation and deforestation. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the causes of failure in implementing the REDD+ program in Central Kalimantan by using the bottom-up implementation model. This study applied a qualitative method. The informants in this study were government and non-government agents involved in the REDD+ implementation in Central Kalimantan, such as Lembaga Dayak Panarung, Aliansi Masyarakat Adat Nusantara of Central Kalimantan, and Wahana Lingkungan Hidup Indonesia. Data were collected using interview and observation. Collected data from interview and observation were supported by secondary data. This study found that there are two major problems causing the failure of REDD+ implementation. The first problem is different perceptions between the communities. They thought that the REDD+ program was a project that only benefited to certain groups. Furthermore, the practice of bad forestry governance triggers bad implementation
Institutional Performance of Mining Reclamation in Forest Areas of East Kalimantan
Get PDFThe Indonesian Government accommodates the development of mining sector conducted in forest area based on Forestry Law Number 41/1999 by the scheme of Forest Leasehold License. Reclamation is required to remediate the degraded land caused by mining activity to restore forest structure and function. This study aimed to analyze the implementation of mining reclamation in East Kalimantan forest areas based on its institutional performance. This study is a descriptive qualitative study that implemented the institutional framework of Situation-Structure-Behavior-Performance. From the study, we found that there are 143,804.89 ha of forest area borrowed by 90 units of Forest Leasehold License for coal and mineral mining in East Kalimantan with reclamation progress reached 41.35% over the disturbed areas. Based on institutional performance analysis, it is identified that the challenges in mining reclamation in East Kalimantan forest areas related to regulation, low sanction enforcement, lack of budget, human resource and economic incentives, and the absence of low-cost technology for mining reclamation monitoring and evaluation. Therefore, development of proper regulations is urgently required to improve stakeholder behavior while enhancement of human resource, technology, and law enforcement are also urgent to improve institutional performance of mining reclamation.Keywords:
Ritual Capital for Rural Livelihood and Sustainable Tourism Development in Indonesia
Get PDFSustainable livelihood approach has been a strategic approach that can improve the economy of rural communities and create harmonization of socio-cultural, economic, environmental and political development through policies. However, it is holistic and contextual, enabling the existence of different capital characteristics formed based on the community\u27s culture. The Indonesian context shows that customary rituals of the community in Kakara and Limau villages in North Halmahera Regency are forms of capital that mobilize claims and access to capital such as natural, human, physical, financial, and social capital. This article aims to describe the ritual capital in rural livelihood for sustainable tourism development. Key informants involved were leaders of community, traditions, religion and rural government and they were interviewed to obtain in-depth information about the ritual capital. The results indicate that the ritual capital was integrated with the rural tourism development, enhancing the capabilities of the customary community in the Kakara and Limau Village to access other capital. This finding supports the argument explaining that ritual capital is a livelihood asset in the context of tourism development in North Halmahera Regency, Indonesia.
Effects of Competition on The Crown Width Allometry for Dominant Trees on Good Sites of Vegetative Clonal Teak (Tectona grandis Linn. f.) in Java, Indonesia
No full textThe vegetative clonal teak is fast-growing, exhibits relatively uniform growth, and is sensitive to crown competition. The crown width dimension correlates positively with the size of the diameter (CW allometry). We investigated the effects of competition on CW allometry for dominant trees on good sites and the prediction accuracy of CW allometry. The data were measured during 2015–2017. The Hegyi index with a fixed 30° search cone method was used to measure competition. The scatter plot of all observations was used to identify the general pattern of CW over diameter, and competition index with both diameter and CW. The data were classified into three groups, ignored, free, and occurred competition data sets. Moreover, the occurred competition data set was categorized into three levels: low, medium, and heavy. The power model was used for parameterization of CW allometry. The dispersion of CW over diameter for all observations exhibited a moderate positive correlation, as well as the competition index with both diameter and CW. For the ignored-competition data set, the CW allometry was able to describe approximately 37.2% of observed CW. Interestingly, however, the prediction accuracy increased to 44.6% for the free competition data set. In contrast, the capability of the CW allometry for the occurred competition data set declined sharply to 9.1%. Among the occurred competition data sets, the heavier the subject trees competed, the lower the CW allometry explained the variations. However, the CW allometry was completely not able to describe the observed CW in the heavy competition level