Jurnal Manajemen Hutan Tropika
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Another Law in Indonesia: Customary Land Tenure System Coexisting with State Order in Mutis Forest
Get PDFLocal wisdom has been coexisting with the state system in several places in Indonesia. The Mountain Mutis Nature Reserve in East Nusa Tenggara province is the strict nature reserves, but a customary land tenure system, called suf, exists so far in the nature reserve. The objectives of this study are (1) to organize the historical territorialization process, (2) to clarify the customary land tenure system and activities for livelihoods by local people, and (3) to discuss the challenges of its land tenure system to manage forests sustainably as well as policy methods to harmonize legal pluralism in Mutis Area. Field observation and in-depth interviews with key informants were employed for data collection, and the collected data were analyzed by a qualitative descriptive method. The findings showed the traditional reward and punishment systems regarding extracting non-timber forest products, grazing livestock, and preventing forest fires were working well for sustainable forest management. However, increased pressure on forests due to future population growth appears to have an impact on the traditional system. It also showed the government officers and local people started some discussions to recognize the suf in the formal legal order. However, there were institutional problems to introduce current state systems. Therefore, it is required to flexibly operate or revise the state laws according to the actual situation to harmonize society between state and people
Institutional Impacts on Choice of Traditional Agroforestry-Based Rural Community Livelihood Strategies in Maluku: (Utilization of “Dusung” and Nutmeg in Booi Village, Maluku)
No full textKemampuan masyarakat pedesaan dalam merespon tantangan atau kerentanan sangat bergantung pada adaptasi yang bersifat lokal maupun kelembagaan. Kelembagaan ini terbentuk berdasarkan kebiasaan yang berakar dari pengetahuan lokal maupun pengalaman hidup masyarakat itu sendiri. Pemanfaatan sumber daya perkebunan sebagai agroforestri tradisional pada masyarakat pedesaan berbeda setiap individu sehingga strategi penghidupan yang digunakan untuk menghadapi kerentanan pun berbeda. Penelitian ini bertujuan, untuk menemukan pemahaman mendalam tentang dampak kelembagaan terhadap pilihan strategi penghidupan masyarakat pedesaan melalui pemanfaatan agroforestri tradisional berupa “dusung” dan tanaman pala dengan pendekatan kelembagaan (tradisi, kebiasaan maupun aturan) dan kerangka kerja penghidupan. Penelitian ini dilakukan di desa Booi, Pulau Saparua, Maluku pada bulan Oktober 2016 sampai bulan September 2018. Informan dalam penelitian ini meliputi, Raja (kepala) desa Booi, petani (pemilik lahan perkebunan), anggota masyarakat yang tidak memiliki lahan perkebunan dan badan pemerintah desa. Teknik pengumpulan data melalui wawancara mendalam untuk mendapatkan data primer. Sementara data sekunder bersumber dari berbagai dokumen yang berkaitan dengan penelitian ini. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa, masyarakat desa Booi memiliki berbagai ragam pilihan strategi penghidupan, antara lain: Strategi intensifikasi dan ekstensifikasi, strategi diversifikasi dan strategi “memegang” biji pala. Kehadiran kelembagaan (tradisi, kebiasaan dan aturan) justru memberikan dampak yang signifikan bagi penghidupan masyarakat Booi. Dampak tersebut berupa, jaminan (informal insurance) akses bagi masyarakat Booi yang tidak memiliki aset agar dapat memanfaatkan dusung dan tanaman pala. Kemudian, adanya akses terhadap aset ini memberikan sumbangan terhadap keberlanjutan penghidupan rumah tangga masyarakat desa Booi.
Kata kunci: Kelembagaan, Pilihan strategi penghidupan, Dusung dan tanaman palaThe ability of rural communities responding to vulnerabilities highly depends on local and institutional adaptations. The institutional adaptation is formed based on habits rooted in the community’s local knowledge and life experience. Utilization of traditional agroforestry on rural land is unique for each individual, resulting different livelihood strategies to deal with vulnerability. This study aims to understand institutional impacts on the choice of rural livelihood strategies through traditional agroforestry using an institutional approach (traditions, customs, and rules) and a livelihood framework. This research was conducted in Booi Village, Maluku, from October 2016 to September 2018. The data was collected through in-depth interviews and document studies. Interviews were conducted to key informants such as Raja (head) of Booi Village, farmers (landowners), community members who did not own land, and village governments. The results showed that the community had a variety of choices for livelihood strategies, including intensification, extensification, diversification, and “holding” nutmeg seeds. The presence of institutional impact was also proven to have a significant effect on the livelihoods of the Booi community, for example, in the form of access for the community who did not have assets (informal insurance)
Ecological Aspects and Regeneration of Sugar Palm in the Sasak Community Gardens of Kekait Village, West Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia
Get PDFSugar palm (Arenga pinnata Merr.) is one kind of palm that has multiple benefits on the Sasak community of Kekait Village. Despite its benefit, the information of sugar palm is barely unknown since the farmers depend on the nature cultivation. The Research aimed to analyze ecological aspects: composition, structure, the vegetation distribution, which includes the rate of regeneration and spatial distribution of sugar palm in the Sasak community garden in Kekait Village, West Lombok Regency, West Nusa Tenggara Province. The methods employed in the research is a single plot method with randomly selected. Obtained data are being analyzed quantitatively and qualitatively. The research successfully identified 68 species of 30 families plant. The majority of species are Meliaceae and Anacardiaceae families. The highest IVI from seedlings, saplings, poles, and trees are A. pinnata (52.09%), T. cacao (22.72%), G. gnemon (91.49%), D. zibethinus (80.19%). The vegetation structures showed a well-developed structure. The vegetation distribution in the farmers\u27 garden indicated a clustered pattern within three strata; B, C, and D strata. The regeneration level of A. pinnata categorized as fair sustainable with a clustered distribution pattern. The pattern is affected by the reproduction and distribution of A. pinnata seeds which carried out by Rinjani weasel (Paradoxurus hermaphroditus rinjanicus). 
Government Ecology and the Indigenous Religion of the Suku Anak Dalam: Intersubjective Relations in Forest Conservation in Jambi, Indonesia
Get PDFIntegrating customary-religious values of an indigenous tribe "Suku Anak Dalam” (SAD) and state zoning system in Bukit Duabelas National Park (TNBD), Jambi, Indonesia is a configuration of an intersubjective relationship between government ecology and the religion of indigenous SAD in forest conservation that has not been studied by previous researchers. Hence, this article discusses that intersubjective relationship practice in preserving, maintaining, and protecting sustainable forest by assimilating the SAD\u27s customary-religious values and the state zoning system. Moreover, this article also complements the shortcomings of previous researchers who believe that SAD\u27s cosmology is animistic and proves that the TNBD zoning system\u27s implementation as a cause of the SAD conflict. After conducting the interviews and the observations supported by relevant literature sources, this article shows that the SAD believes that the cosmos is not only inhabited by humans, but there are nonhuman beings such as animals and Badewo who are perceived as a human in which they are believed as social actors in forest conservation. SAD and nonhuman beings live together and contribute to each other and have a mutual relationship to life sustainability in the forest or so-called indigenous religion. Besides, the article also found that the TNBD zoning system is not the primary cause of the SAD conflict, rather the dynamics process in integrating state zoning and indigenous custom-religious spaces between the TNBD offices and the SAD
Ecosystem Restoration Policy in Production Forest and Its Implementation in Indonesia
No full textThe issuance of the Ministry of Forestry Regulation (Number SK 159/Menhut-II/2004) on Ecosystem Restoration in Production Forest marked a paradigm shift in production forest management in Indonesia from timber to ecosystem-based. By 2019, the Ministry of Environment and Forestry (MoEF) has issued 16 ecosystem restoration concessions (ERC) in production forest totaling 622,826 ha, or only 21% out of the 3 million ha of MoEF\u27s target. Although this policy was considered a breakthrough and it garnered significant attention, currently, there is no comprehensive assessment on the development of ERC policy and its impacts on achieving MoEF\u27s target. Applied a combination of policy content, process, and implementation analysis, and rational policy analysis, this research examined the gaps in ER policy and implementation and identified policy space to pursue necessary policy improvement. The findings suggested that existing policy remains inadequate to support the implementation of ERC from the licensing process to performance evaluation. This study has identified the need to revise the applicability of regulations to facilitate the objectives of ERC as a management unit, and the objective of ecosystem restoration in the production forest. Revisions include ecological, social, and economic aspects using available policy space that supported by the coalition of actors within the Ecosystem Restoration Working Group.Restorasi ekosistem pada hutan produksi memungkinkan upaya restorasi dilaksanakan pada hutan produksi dan dipandang sebagai solusi potensial untuk memulihkan hutan produksi yang telah terdegradasi parah akibat pemanfaatan kayu yang tidak berkelanjutan. Terbitnya Peraturan Menteri Kehutanan No. SK 159/Menhut-II/2004 tentang restorasi ekosistem pada hutan produksi menandai perubahan paradigma pengelolaan hutan produksi di Indonesia dari sebelumnya yang berbasis pemanfaatan kayu menjadi berbasis ekosistem. Namun analisis isi kebijakan menemukan bahwa sebagian besar aturan restorasi ekosistem masih sangat berorientasi pada pemanfaatan kayu. Padahal, sebagian besar dari keenam belas unit manajemen restorasi ekosistem yang saat ini beroperasi di Indonesia, tidak bertujuan untuk memanfaatkan kayu. Kajian ini menemukan perlunya merevisi aturan perundangan yang berlaku saat ini untuk mengakomodasi beragam tujuan bisnis unit manajemen restorasi ekosistem termasuk tujuan utama restorasi ekosistem pada hutan produksi yang meliputi aspek ekologi, sosial, dan ekonomi. Kebijakan dan regulasi tersebut harus memberikan ruang inovasi yang luas bagi para pemegang ijin karena saat ini model restorasi ekosistem pada hutan produksi berskala besar belum ada. Ruang kebijakan untuk mendorong perbaikan kebijakan dan regulasi restorasi ekosistem pada hutan produksi telah tersedia yang didukung oleh koalisi aktor dalam Kelompok Kerja Restorasi Ekosistem
Diversity of Amphibians and Reptiles in Various Anthropogenic Disturbance Habitats in Nantu Forest, Sulawesi, Indonesia
Get PDFThe Nantu Forest in Gorontalo Province, Sulawesi, Indonesia holds one of the few remaining pristine habitats in the island. The reserve is surrounded by human habituation which provide opportunity to study the impact of forest lost on biodversity. In addition, data on Nantu mostly focused on big mammals, as there is no previous herpetofauna survey at the area. Sampling of amphibian and reptile was conducted in June 2013 and in May–June 2014 using Visual Encounter Survey method, glue traps and transect sampling in seven different sites at the eastern part of Nantu. We categorized four habitat types based on human disturbances: high disturbed habitat (HDH), moderate disturbed habitat (MDH), low disturbed habitat (LDH) and pristine habitat (PH). A total of 680 individual amphibians (4 families; 17 species) and 119 individual reptiles (9 families; 29 species) were recorded. Species richness and species composition for amphibians and reptiles differs according to the level of human disturbances. Low level disturbances habitat demonstrated the highest diversity of amphibians and reptiles, whereas as expected, high distubed habitat showed the lowest diversity. Anthropogenic pressures in forest will decrease species richness of amphibian and reptiles. Although most amphibian and reptiles will be able to persist in low disturbances habitat, forest-dependent species will be lost when pristine forests are disturbed
The Polarization of Orientation on Cultural Land Utilization for Ecotourism Development Amongst the Local in Bali Aga of Mount Lesung Region
Get PDFThe ownership transfer and conversion of cultural lands are a long-standing crucial issue in the dynamics of tourism development in Bali, so efforts to build a harmonious orientation among stakeholders in creating sustainable cultural land utilizations are important. For that matter, this research was conducted to study the phenomenon of polarization orientation on cultural land utilization of ecotourism development in Bali Aga. The assessment of cultural land sustainability was conducted using One Score One Indicator Scoring System analysis, with research aspects including ownership, economic, ecological, socio-cultural and spatial aspects. Besides, the polarization of stakeholder orientation was measured through perception, motivation, and preference, then, it was analyzed using Kruskal Wallis and Dunn Tests. The results of One Score One Indicator Scoring System analysis showed that the community has implemented various principles of sustainability in the utilization of cultural land in the Bali Aga region. The sustainable cultural land utilization in the Bali Aga region has not been fully achieved because the stakeholder orientation on various aspects and assessment criteria still experience polarization. Although the polarization orientation is still at the level of polarization scale, it can trigger future problems if the polarization is not well minimized by various stakeholder elements
The Institutional of Local Community and Stratification of Land Ownership in Surrounding Community Forests in Bogor
No full textManagement of forest resources cannot be separated from the character attributes of the community. In the arena of community forest action, access to forest resources, which is a people\u27s livelihood, is an important element. The study aimed to analyze the performance of the local community attributes towards community welfare and examine the stratification of community land ownership. This research was carried out in the qualitative descriptive analysis. The results of the analysis showed that 41.56% of the community forest farming groups classified as land-owners. Based on the strata of land ownership showed that 70% in the third strata, which was land-ownership of less than 0.5 ha. This study concluded that the institutional of local community was relatively low because not effective in regulating community behavior. These indicated by the low performance achieved on the welfare of the community, the low ownership of the area of arable land, and the level of welfare of the local community falls into the category of poor and low community education. 
Optimizing Household Economic Resource to Lessen Population Pressures on Villages around Kerinci Seblat National Park Bengkulu Province
Get PDFVillages around Kerinci Seblat National Park (Taman Nasional Kerinci Seblat, TNKS) have experienced population pressure. This condition which if not addressed immediately will encourage the community around the TNKS to enter and encroach the forest to meet their household needs. This is getting worse along with the finding that the community around TNKS also does not have many alternative sources of income. For this reason, designing strategies for optimizing household economic to lessen population pressures are noteworthy. Focus group discussion (FGD) and analysis hierarchy process (AHP) was applied to design and to determine development strategy for household economic empowerment and twenty-five key informants including fifteen farmer households were interviewed. The AHP results conclude that the production aspect is the most important that needs to be given priority in the development of plantation production. This conclusion is based on its highest relative priorities (weights), i.e., 0.298. Of the three programs identified and using weight result of AHP, community seed assistance is the most important program in the development of plantation production (weight of 0.494). The seed assistance program is the most important compared to providing soft loans (weight of 0.29) and expanding to production inputs accessibility (weight of 0.216). Meanwhile, human resource development aspects are the most attractive strategy for food crop production development, especially rice, with a weight of 0.325. Aspects of human resource development are more focused on improving farmer knowledge in cultivation than marketing and post-harvest handling aspects. Optimization of pekarangan resources is directed to the development of the chicken farm (weight = 0.274) focused on improving the production aspect (weight = 0.328). Among three priority programs, day-old chicken assistance (weight = 0.512) is more needed than access to soft loans (weight = 0.242) and feed programs (weight = 0.246)