Jurnal Manajemen Hutan Tropika
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Evaluation of the Tourism Management CHSE Protocol during the Covid 19 Pandemic in the Situ Gunung Gede Pangrango National Park Area
No full textThis study aimed to evaluate the Tourism Management CHSE Protocol during the Covid 19 Pandemic in the Situ Gunung Gede Pangrango National Park Area. The framework of the approach used in this research was phenomenology, which was then enriched with the data collection techniques of study documentation, observation, and close-ended questionnaire. The analytical method utilized was the One Score One Indicator Scoring System, an analysis model that was used through developing elaboration of questionnaires in collecting data and evaluating various variables that researchers had determined. Then, two critical issues were examined in the polarization analysis to understand the differentiation between actors, namely polarization of direction and rating scale, and then tested statistically using Kruskal Wallis test to know the polarization significance. Overall, based on the assessment of 189 CHSE indicators, the data shows that the implementation of CHSE in Situ Gunung GGPNP results in a reasonable conclusion or score of 6. When viewed based on stakeholder polarization where the data shows there is no polarization of direction between stakeholders on CHSE management at Situ Gunung. Things are different when viewed in terms of average values, where the study results show the polarization of each actor\u27s attitude scale on the CHSE implementation assessment. The aggressive strategy is carried out by optimizing three crucial aspects: 1) Strengthening CHSE Management Policies and Implementation; 2) Optimizing Ecotourism Carrying Capacity
Nickel Content in Plants and Soil: The Case of Mine Tailing Sites in Bato-Bato Narra Palawan, Philippines
Full text linkForests once deforested through mining losses its rich biodiversity. The re-opening of open-pit mining corporation in 2011, in the small village of Bato-Bato, Narra, Palawan had caused deforestation, floods, and low rice harvest. This study determined the nickel content in topsoil and native dominant plants in mine-tailings. Field data collection and laboratory analysis methods were used in this study. Nickel content in topsoil (2 kg replication-1 site-1) was analyzed using X-ray Flourescence (XRF). Inductively Coupled-plasma–Optical Emission Spectrometry (ICP-OES) determine nickel in dominant plants (200 g replication-1 site-1). Normality of data was determined by Pearson coefficient of skewness test. Significant difference on the nickel content in plant tissues was analyzed using Kruskal Wallis test, analysis of variance, and Tukey post hoc test for nickel in soil. Native dominants are National Seed Industry Council Rice cultivar 218, Philippine Seed Board Rice cultivar 18, and carabao grass. The nickel content in native dominant plants is higher in comparison with the average nickel content in plant tissues and the nickel content in topsoil is high in comparison with the average nickel content a topsoil should contain. Prevention of leaching of nickel during flood is recommended
Harvesting Systems of Private Forests in Indonesia: A Review
Full text linkPrivate forests are spread over almost all the islands of Indonesia. Private forest harvesting has an important and strategic role in improving the welfare of the Indonesian people, especially in rural areas. Therefore, this research presents a review of harvesting systems used in private forests in Indonesia. This research uses literature searching and a statistical database. The basic criteria for selecting a harvesting system of private forest are a timber sales system, low equipment capital costs, and labor-intensive as well as adaptivity to local wisdom. Harvesting of private forests is mainly carried out by small-scale contractors Forest harvesting systems are partly mechanized and non-mechanized. Chainsaw was the cutting tool used for felling, debranching, and bucking. The most commonly used forest harvesting systems are manual and those involving modified motorbikes. Another less common system is conducted with animals, winches, and simple skyline systems. Loggers in private forests are self-taught workers and have not received special training in harvesting techniques, log bucking and wood extraction, and chainsaw maintenance. Improvement of wood extraction techniques is urgently needed, especially in aspects of the operating system, occupational health, and safety in forest harvesting with modified motorbikes, winches, and simple skyline systems.  
Positive Law of Environment and John Ruggie Principles: Between Legal Text and Norms
Full text linkThe aim of this research is to examine the application of the Guiding Principles for Business and Human Rights, that is Protection, Respect and Recovery in the implementation of the Law on Environmental Protection and Management (Environment Law). In 2015 the government issued the Presidential Regulation Number 75 of 2015 regarding to the National Action Plan for Human Rights 2015-2019 (NAP Human Rights). In 2020 the government is simplifying laws and regulations with the new concept of legal drafting that is the Omnibus Law of which government stated the law of which be familiar as Job Creation Law. One of the simplified clusters is the Environment Law. The findings show that many amended legal norms in the Environment Law are inconsistent with and even contradictory to the NAP Human Rights. Research is carried out normatively by paying attention to legal issues in social media as legal material, as well as reviewing scientific literature related to the topic of issues, laws and regulations, and court decisions. The conclusion from the research is that the Guiding Principles of United Nations for Business and Human Rights bind Judges in enforcing the Environment Law even though these principles are still at the level of the National Action Plan and have not yet entered into the level of legislation
The Use of Forest Refugia by Ungulate After the 2015\u27Fire in Tesso Nilo National Park, Riau-Indonesia
Full text linkWildfires in Indonesia 2015 burnt forests in many protected areas, including remaining forests in Tesso Nilo National Park. We investigated the extent to which 2015\u27s wildfires affect the remaining habitat and the spatial distribution of ungulates in the park by using satellite images to identify burnt and unburnt forest patches. Habitat conditions and the presence of ungulates indicated by the number of ungulate signs were compared between burnt and unburnt areas. The fire devastated trees at different rates depending on tree life form stages. We found that younger trees were more vulnerable to fire. The abundance of ungulates did not differ significantly between burnt and unburnt areas, but all vegetation characteristics were significantly different (Mann-Whitney U-test p-value < 0.05). We surmise that food such as new shoots or leaves, particularly at the edge of burnt areas, attracted ungulates out of unburnt areas. The remaining forest is relatively small, and the park is under continued pressure from illegal conversion, so any further loss of remaining forest as refugia will likely harm the ungulate population. We recommend that management should prioritize the preservation of remaining pristine habitat and the reduction of fire suppression, especially during the dry season
The Role of Natural Capital in Surviving Periods of Crisis: A Case Study of the Nglanggeran Village Community
Full text linkThe sustainability of tourism-based livelihoods can be threatened when a crisis occurs. Thus, people’s resilience during crisis is a significant factor for people to maintain livelihoods as it is a contributing mechanism for people to escape from crisis. This research examines how the Nglanggeran community sustains their livelihoods by utilizing their natural resources as a strategy to survive Covid-19 pandemic between 2020 to 2021. This study uses an ethnographic approach. The data collection process was carried out through participant observation and in-depth interviews with 14 former migrant workers and who now live in Nglanggeran village. The focus of the analysis in this study is the strategy of the Nglanggeran community in maintaining their livelihoods by utilizing their land. The analysis process uses thematic analysis. People who own paddy fields are more likely to survive than those who plant trees for timber on their land. What the Nglanggeran community does is important in maintaining their resilience and as a survival strategy for the local community. Tourism activities do not have to displace traditional livelihood activities on local people\u27s land, rather land use can be optimized to support sustainable livelihoods. While they can optimalise land use, this does not increase their quality of life. They have survived but their livelihoods remain vulnerable.
 
Structure and Characteristics of Fuelwood Supply Chain in Yobe, Nigeria
Full text linkFuelwood commercialization activities provide a source of livelihood in Nigeria. Despite its economic significance, the industry has been kept out of the formal economies due to a lack of supportive data on the structure and characteristics of the industry. This study investigates the structure of the supply chain and examines the chain actors\u27 roles and functions to understand the issues within the supply chain activities. Data were collected through key informants\u27 interviews and observations. The study found that fuelwood business activities were conducted formally by licensed actors and informally by non-licensed actors. Benefits received and issues experienced by actors were related to the formality of the business. Heavy reliance on natural forests for fuelwood production among chain actors can add pressure on the forest resources and ecosystem. Therefore, significant intervention is needed for the industry which includes policy and programs related to fuelwood plantation and management, government support, licensing education, and collaborations among all stakeholders to improve supply chain activities.
 
Does Gap Opening and Planting to Rehabilitate the Degraded Tropical Natural Forests Affect the Forest Composition and Structure?
Full text linkBy 2020, there were 33.4 million ha of degraded forests in Indonesia. If it is not rehabilitated, there will be land-use changes that significantly affect its biodiversity and environment. Gap opening and planting is an important silvicultural regeneration method to rehabilitate degraded tropical natural forests. We studied the subject in a 10 ha degraded lowland tropical natural forest in Central Borneo, Indonesia. The study aims to compare the composition and structure of degraded tropical natural forests before and after gap opening and planting. The methods used consist of 1) gap opening and planting with a proportion of the total gap area to the total degraded natural forest area of 40%; 2) vegetation analysis to assess the composition and structure of forest. The results showed that the gap opening and planting activities led to a decrease in the density of seedlings, saplings, poles, and trees, and cause loss of two species at seedling level and one species at sapling level. The analysis results of the stand structure and species composition, index of species diversity, species evenness index, and community similarity index before and after gap opening and planting of the degraded forest in the study area of 10 ha showed that there is no changes of these variables. These results showed that the use of the gap opening and planting method in the rehabilitation of degraded forests is able to maintain the stability of species composition and stand structure, species diversity, species evenness, and forest communities. In conclusion, the study provided significant empirical results on the composition and structure of degraded tropical natural forests before and after gap opening and planting, which would be instrumental for the development of rehabilitation strategies. It is recommended that the rehabilitation of degraded tropical natural forests in Indonesia can be carried out using the gap opening and planting method.