Jurnal Manajemen Hutan Tropika
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Integrating Multi-Variable Driving Factors to Improve Land Use & Land Cover Classification Accuracy using Machine Learning Approaches: A Case Study from Lombok Island
No full textAccurate classification of land cover is essential for effective land management and environmental monitoring. This study aimed to enhance land cover classification for Lombok Island using advanced machine learning algorithms. The models employed include Random Forest, Gradient Boosting, Decision Tree, and Naive Bayes, integrating a wide range of variables, such as Landsat satellite imagery, spectral indices, physiographic, climatic, and socio-economic data. Among these, Random Forest demonstrated the highest model accuracy at 82%, followed by Gradient Boosting at 80%, Decision Tree at 73%, and Naïve Bayes at 61%. In field validation assessments, comparing the predictions of these machine learning models with ground truth data, Random Forest was the most reliable, achieving an overall accuracy of 88%. This superior performance is largely due to the multi-variable approach, which allows the model to mitigate issues like cloud cover in satellite images. The key variables that significantly influenced the land cover classification on Lombok Island include proximity to settlements, temperature, and distance to roads. These results provide essential insights for land management strategies, enabling policymakers and stakeholders to make informed decisions on sustainable development, urban planning, and environmental conservation in rapidly changing landscapes
Total Ecosystem Carbon Stock (TECS) in Various Tropical Forest Ecosystems of South Sorong Regency, Southwest Papua Province, Indonesia
Full text linkThe significant uncertainty concerning the role of South Sorong’s tropical forests ecosystem in the global carbon cycle is the lack of adequate data on the total carbon content of all their components. This study aimed to fill this data gap by total carbon stock in six South Sorong, Southwest Papua, and Indonesia forest ecosystems. The above-below-ground (root) carbon stock was calculated using several published allometric equations. The walkey and black and loss-on-ignition method analysed soil carbon stocks. Aboveground live c-stock ranged from 51.9 to 105.5 Mg C ha-1 and soil c-stock from 52.91 to 1,124.3 Mg C ha-1, representing the two most significant C components in all plots. The C in litter (10.5 to 49.9 Mg C ha-1), dead and downed wood (0.2 to 2.9 Mg C ha-1) and roots (9.2 to 58.2 Mg C ha-1) accounted for less than 5.3% of the total C. The total ecosystem carbon stock ranged from 213.0 to 1,217.4 Mg C ha-1. More C was found in the peat swamp forest in six forest ecosystems, where deeper soil (organic sediment) was the main support factor. Both DLFE and PSFE are unique ecosystems that need to be considered in their management so that we can benefit from those present in local, regional, and global communities
Integrating Indigenous Knowledge into Sustainable Forest Management for Climate Change Adaptation and Mitigation Strategies: Case from Southern Slopes of Mount Slamet, Indonesia
Full text linkFrequent natural disasters and extreme weather increase the vulnerability to climate change in rural communities living near forests. Climate change adaptation and mitigation strategies related to forest management should consider indigenous knowledge in accordance with local community conditions and needs. This study aimed to investigate the indigenous knowledge of forest management to cope with climate change challenges. The research was conducted in April - May 2024 in the southern slopes of Mount Slamet, Central Java (i.e., Gununglurah, Sokawera, and Sunyalangu Villages). The research approach uses Participatory Learning Action with descriptive-quantitative analysis based on interpretive and critical sociology. This study revealed that indigenous knowledge comprises three types of forest management. Firstly, the community categorized the forest into three types of space: sacred conservation forests (Tabet), protected forests in steep areas, and production forests using agroforestry. Secondly, the schedule of forest management activities was based on the traditional seasonal calendar (Pranatamangsa). Thirdly, plant types were selected based on their functions, i.e., productions, conservations, and spirituals
Determinants of Cashew Agroforestry Adoption Among Smallholder Farmers in the Gambia: Implications for Resilient Farming Systems
Full text linkAlthough agroforestry effectively addresses uncertainty, risk, and shocks, its adoption is slow among rural smallholder cashew farmers in the Gambia. This study investigates the factors influencing cashew agroforestry (AF) adoption through a household survey of 250 farmers from seven villages in the Kombo East District, West Coast Region. The adoption determinants were analyzed using a logit regression model and grouped into five categories: a) household preferences, b) resource endowment, c) risk and uncertainty, d) biophysical factors, and e) institutional factors. The study identified 28 factors, including demographics, experience, wealth, environmental threats, awareness, support, and climate change, as significantly influencing AF adoption. Despite recognizing the potential benefits of AF, farmers face constraints such as insufficient funds, poor-quality seedlings, limited extension services, lack of farmland, and low climate awareness. This study’s findings offer important insights for addressing the slow adoption of cashew AF in the Kombo East district, with potential relevance for similar regions in the Gambia and beyond. It offers insights for developing policies and programs to promote and accelerate AF adoption, enhance resilience in local farming systems, improve adaptive capacity, and provide diverse livelihood and socioeconomic benefits
Local Community’s Knowledge and Perception towards Freshwater Turtle Conservation in Southern Sumatra, Indonesia
Full text linkThe conservation of freshwater turtles relies on local knowledge and perceptions. This phenomenon is especially significant for communities located near turtle habitats. This study aims to investigate the influence of local communities\u27 knowledge and perceptions of freshwater turtles on their attitudes, behaviors, and the resulting conservation outcomes for these species. Knowledge encompasses the empirical understanding of turtle species, their ecological roles, and conservation statuses. Perceptions encompass the subjective beliefs, attitudes, and values influenced by culture that communities hold regarding these species. The research was carried out in three river systems of southern Sumatra, involving interviews with 133 participants through a semi-structured approach that included closed and semi-open questionnaires, alongside a recollection method utilizing photographs as a tool. Identification was successful for only 8 of the 12 depicted turtle species, and merely one-third of the freshwater turtle eggs were identifiable. The most widely recognized species include the ambiona box turtle (Cuora amboinensis), Malaysian giant turtle (Orlitia borneensis), soft-shelled turtle (Amyda cartilaginea), and black marsh turtle (Siebenrockiella crassicollis). While most perceptions indicated a favorable attitude towards freshwater turtle conservation, negative behaviors persist that may adversely affect turtle populations
Species Diversity of Trees with Traditional Medicinal Uses: A Core-Buffer Zone Comparison in a Biosphere Reserve
Full text linkGiam Siak Kecil-Bukit Batu, a UNESCO Biosphere Reserve, uses a zoned management approach, including core, buffer, and transition zones. The core zone prioritizes biodiversity conservation, buffer zones mitigate human impacts, and transition zones focus on sustainable development. The diversity and density of medicinal tree species in the core and buffer zones of this reserve were investigated. It was hypothesized that the core zone would support greater diversity and density of medicinal trees than the buffer zone. Standardized plot sampling was conducted using 1-ha plots, each subdivided into 25 subplots (20 m × 20 m). Trees with a diameter at breast height exceeding 10 cm were inventoried, measured, and identified, with voucher specimens collected for herbarium confirmation. A total of 52 medicinal tree species from 27 families and 36 genera were recorded. Species richness was higher in the buffer zone (39 species) than in the core zone (29 species). These findings underscore the ecological significance of buffer zones in conserving medicinal tree diversity and providing sustainable resources for local communities. The observed species richness in the buffer zone challenges the conventional assumption that core zones harbor higher biodiversity, highlighting the need for further research on sustainable resource management in buffer zones
Factors Affecting Bird Diversity in the Wetlands of Muara Gembong, Indonesia
Full text linkMarshlands and backswamps are among the threatened habitats in Indonesia, along with mangroves, particularly in Java due to area development and land conversion. Muara Gembong is one of the remaining wetlands in Java and serves as one of the last refuges for the bird community in wetlands, particularly mangrove and marsh-associated birds. We observed bird communities and collected eleven habitat variables in three habitats, namely mangrove, marsh, and fishpond, to see which variable affects bird abundance and diversity most. We found out that the total number of plant species, along with the number of tree, understory, and shrub species, were the strongest factors affecting bird diversity in Muara Gembong. Separate analysis in each habitat, however, reveals that different abiotic factors also strongly correlate with bird diversity. Vegetation correlates strongly with bird diversity in mangroves and marshes, while pH and turbidity play a strong role in bird diversity in fishponds
Species Distribution Model and Conservation of Mentaok (Wrightia javanica) in Indonesia
Full text linkThe Alas Mentaok was a forest dominated by the mentaok tree (Wrightia javanica) that once existed in Yogyakarta, Java Island, Indonesia. This forest has cultural and historical value, as it is believed to be the first location to establish the Mataram Islam Kingdom in Java in 1582 AD. This study utilized species distribution models (SDMs) to investigate the species distribution pattern and assess its latest conservation status in Java and the Lesser Sunda Islands, Indonesia. The methodology used involved collecting occurrence and environmental data of W. javanica, conducting species distribution modeling using the maximum entropy algorithm, evaluating the model\u27s accuracy, and performing an independent assessment of the area of occupancy (AOO) and extensive occurrence (EOO) using the geospatial conservation assessment tool (GeoCAT). While the number of suitable habitat areas for W. javanica in Yogyakarta is projected to decrease by 2100, the islands of Sumba and Timor are anticipated to experience an increase in the suitable habitat areas for the species during the same year. The analysis of BIOCLIM 34 indicates the mean moisture index of the warmest quarter plays a vital role in the current and future projections. AOO calculation in GeoCAT places this species in the endangered (EN) category, particularly within our regions of interest in Java and the Lesser Sunda Islands. Overall, a full assessment combining a habitat suitability model with current conservation status information would provide a more comprehensive understanding of mentaok\u27s habitat preferences and current conservation status in Indonesia