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Is the apparent global stilling effect on wind power generation an artefact of sampling rate? Evidence from high-frequency observations in the UK
No full textHigh-resolution wind data is critical when assessing the phenomenon known as global stilling. Global stilling is the observed reduction in wind speeds due to climate change. Understanding the phenomenon is crucial due to the potential impact on wind power. Using the wind speed and wind power generation data from the Lancaster University Meteorological Station and wind turbine, analysis of the trends and the rate of change for wind speed under different sampling regimes provided an insight into the change in wind speed patterns. More importantly, daily estimated wind power generation was compared to 10-min turbine power generation data to assess the importance of high-resolution data in wind power analysis. The opposing patterns of the 10-min and daily data highlight the importance of high-resolution wind speed data for global stilling research and policymaking. The large spatiotemporal variability of wind speeds combined with the non-linearity of wind power generation necessitates high-resolution data
Beyond the numbers : The role of people and processes in central bank forecasting
Full text linkWe complement the previous discussions of Bernanke’s review of the Bank of England’s forecasting activities and highlight directions for future research that are relevant to central banks and the wider forecasting community. Decisions in central banks, such as monetary policy ones, are hardly algorithmic and are often influenced by policy and current soft contextual information, introducing challenges into evaluating and specifying forecasts. The use of alternatives to standard econometric models is highlighted in the Bernanke report and other commentaries in this series. These methodological alternatives require both more research, to be validly applied and evaluated, and a cultural shift for those with forecasting responsibilities in central banks. Critically, uncertainty estimates in central bank forecasts are hardly purely model-based. How this is done and how to best communicate it to stakeholders and counterparties are fertile areas for research with potentially important implications for market participants. Finally, while academic research often focuses on large, well-funded central banks, there is a significant opportunity to help smaller, less-resourced institutions
InGaAs/GaAsSb Type-II superlattices grown on InP substrates for extended short-wave infrared photodetectors
Full text linkThis thesis aims to explore the application feasibility of type II InGaAs/GaAsSb superlattice (T2SL) based on InP substrate epitaxial growth in extended shortwave infrared (e-SWIR) light detectors with a cut-off wavelength of more than 2.5 μm. The device structure was analysed by high-resolution X-ray diffraction (XRD), and the results showed that the superlattice had good crystallization quality and layer periodicity. Photoluminescence (PL) experiments further revealed the bandgap properties of the absorbing layer, with emission wavelengths consistent with the designed cut-off wavelength. The prepared PIN light detector exhibited a wide spectral response in the range of 2.25 to 6 μm, with a peak response between 1–1.5 μm, and its cut-off wavelength was consistent with the PL results, demonstrating the effectiveness of the type II InGaAs/GaAsSb SL absorbing layer. Compared to commercial devices, the best performing device in the A1769 wafer exhibited higher photo response intensity, but the response curve has slight fluctuations, which may be due to insufficient material uniformity. These results indicate that InP-based type-II InGaAs/GaAsSb superlattices have application potential in high-sensitivity e-SWIR light detectors, but they still need to be further optimized in terms of material uniformity and device fabrication process
‘The new world’ in retrospect : Cupitt, Nietzsche, Wittgenstein
Full text linkThis article examines the relationship of Don Cupitt’s thought to that of Friedrich Nietzsche and Ludwig Wittgenstein, particularly as articulated in the final episode of Cupitt’s Sea of Faith television series and in the accompanying book. It suggests that this has a significance beyond its place in the wider television series. In particular, it helps us to understand a recently articulated paradox regarding Cupitt’s ambivalent influence on the later theologians of ‘radical orthodoxy’. It also helps us to understand the later, quite different direction taken by Cupitt’s own thought. In the wake of Cupitt’s recent death, this article seeks to locate the wider significance of his thought through a snapshot of his thinking at a particular time and its relationship to other significant philosophers
Sensitivity of the Hyper-Kamiokande experiment to neutrino oscillation parameters using accelerator neutrinos
No full textThis paper describes the analysis to estimate the sensitivity of the Hyper-Kamiokande experiment to long-baseline neutrino oscillation parameters using accelerator (anti)neutrinos. Results are presented for the CPV discovery sensitivity and precision measurements of the oscillation parameters , , and . With the assumed Hyper-Kamiokande running plan, a CPV discovery is possible in less than three years in the case of maximal CPV and known MO.In the absence of external constraints on the MO, considering the MO sensitivity of the Hyper-Kamiokande measurement using atmospheric neutrinos, the time for a CPV discovery could be estimated to be around six years. Using the nominal final exposure of protons on target, corresponding to 10 years, with a ratio of 1:3 in neutrino to antineutrino beam mode, we expect to select approximately 10000 charged current, quasi-elastic-like, muon neutrino events, and a similar number of muon anti-neutrino events. In the electron (anti)neutrino appearance channels, we expect approximately 2000 charged current, quasi-elastic-like electron neutrino events and 800 electron antineutrino events. These larges event samples will allow Hyper-Kamiokande to exclude CP conservation at the significance level for over 60% of the possible true values of
A bench experiment to investigate the time available to replace a near‐depleted E‐size nitrous oxide cylinder when using a ‘mobile manifold’ supply system
No full textExploring the Potential of Microphenomenology for Understanding and Designing for Lived Experience of Mindful Eating
No full textThe increasing interest in HCI around the body and embodied experiences has led to the development of novel technologies and methodologies to actively align with and leverage these aspects. The design of health technologies often relies on behavioral metrics, such as in the case of designing eating/food-related technologies. This reflection paper explores the potential of micro-phenomenology, which is a rigorous first-person methodology to examine lived experience, to understand, and inform the design of mindful eating technologies that engage everyday embodied experiences in the context of HCI
SBND-PRISM: Sampling Off-Axis Neutrino Fluxes with the Short-Baseline Near Detector
No full textThe Short-Baseline Near Detector (SBND), the near detector in the Short-Baseline Neutrino Program at Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, is located just 110 m from the Booster Neutrino Beam target. Thanks to this close proximity, relative to its 4 m 4 m front face, neutrinos enter SBND over a range of angles from to approximately , enabling the detector to sample variations in the neutrino flux as a function of angle-a technique known as PRISM, referred to here as SBND-PRISM. In this paper, we show how muon- and electron-neutrino fluxes vary as a function of the neutrino beam axis angle and how this can be exploited to expand the physics potential of SBND. We make use of a model that predicts an angle-dependent electron-neutrino excess signal to illustrate this effect, such as oscillations. We present how SBND-PRISM provides a method to add robustness against uncertainties in cross-section modeling and, more generally, uncertainties that do not depend on the spatial position of neutrino interaction inside the detector. The fluxes, along with their associated covariance matrices, are made publicly available with this publication
Motion graphics as an educational tool that supports learning English vocabulary by Chinese students
Full text linkMotion graphics are a valuable tool for enhancing English vocabulary learning in primary schools, possessing the potential to increase student engagement and clarify concepts. However, a significant gap exists between their pedagogical potential and practical application. Existing implementations result in superficial content digitisation, encourage passive viewing, and cause cognitive overload. While existing research demonstrates the positive learning effects of motion graphics, there is a dearth of specific design guidelines to help practitioners overcome these challenges. Focusing on the context of Grade 2 English vocabulary instruction in Chinese primary schools, this study seeks to answer the question: How can motion graphics as an educational tool be designed to support English vocabulary learning for Chinese primary school children in a classroom setting? Adopting Educational Design Research as its overarching framework, this research employs qualitative methods, including semi-structured in-depth interviews and visual analysis, through a three-phase methodology of contextual inquiry, iterative design, and expert evaluation. The research yields three key findings: 1) it reveals a core ‘reconciliation paradox’, a tension between designing for cognitive efficiency, which requires simplicity, and for learning motivation, which thrives on novelty; 2) it uncovers a dual challenge in visual expression: the need to effectively connect abstract symbols with concrete understanding for students, and the finding that this connection collapses when the content is culturally inappropriate, thereby increasing cognitive load; 3) it finds that extraneous cognitive load arises not just from on-screen design, but from a lack of visual coherence across media, between the digital interface, the physical environment, and paper-based materials. This research culminates in three corresponding core design frameworks: 1) a Dynamic Regulatory Model proposes a method to address the paradox, guiding designers to make strategic decisions on both macro-level timing and micro-level design; 2) a framework for Constructing Effective Instructional Visual Expression advocates for synergistic decision-making, matching representational modes (abstract vs. concrete) with pedagogical goals while ensuring content is culturally and experientially relevant. 3) a cross-media ‘Visual Grammar’ for Reducing Cognitive Load expands the concept of clarity from a static on-screen issue to a dynamic, structural system of cues that creates a coherent learning path. This research contributes an evidence-rooted, context-driven set of design guidelines deeply embedded in the realities of Chinese primary school classrooms. It fills the gap between educational theory and design practice by translating abstract teaching needs into actionable strategies. The guidelines empower designers to create more pedagogically effective motion graphics
Optimization of Queueing Systems Using Streaming Simulation
Full text linkWe consider the problem of adaptively determining the optimal number of servers in an M/G/c queueing system in which the unknown arrival rate must be estimated using data that arrive sequentially over a series of observation periods. We propose a stochastic simulation-based approach that uses iteratively updated parameters within a greedy decision-making policy, with the selected number of servers minimising a Monte Carlo estimate of a chosen objective function. Under minimal assumptions, we derive a central limit theorem for the Monte Carlo estimator and derive an asymptotic bound on the probability of incorrect selection of the policy. We also demonstrate the empirical performance of the policy in a finite-time numerical experiment