Journal of Mechatronics, Electrical Power, and Vehicular Technology
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Increasing efficiency of a 33 MW OTEC in Indonesia using flat-plate solar collector for the seawater heater
No full textThis paper presents a design concept of Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion (OTEC) plant built in Mamuju, West Sulawesi, with 33 MWe and 7.1% of the power capacity and efficiency, respectively. The generated electrical power and the efficiency of OTEC plant are enhanced by a simulation of a number of derived formulas. Enhancement of efficiency is performed by increasing the temperature of the warm seawater toward the evaporator from 26˚C up to 33.5˚C using a flat-plate solar collector. The simulation results show that by increasing these a water temperature up to 33.5˚C, the generated power will increase up to 144.155 MWe with the OTEC efficiency up to 9.54%, respectively. The required area of flat-plate solar collector to achieve the results is around 6.023 x 106 m2
Experimental review of distance sensors for indoor mapping
No full textOne of the most important required ability of a mobile robot is perception. An autonomous mobile robot has to be able to gather information from the environment and use it for supporting the accomplishing task. One kind of sensor that essential for this process is distance sensor. This sensor can be used for obtaining the distance of any objects surrounding the robot and utilize the information for localizing, mapping, avoiding obstacles or collisions and many others. In this paper, some of the distance sensor, including Kinect, Hokuyo UTM-30LX, and RPLidar were observed experimentally. Strengths and weaknesses of each sensor were reviewed so that it can be used as a reference for selecting a suitable sensor for any particular application. A software application has been developed in C programming language as a platform for gathering information for all tested sensors. According to the experiment results, it showed that Hokuyo UTM-30LX results in random normally distributed error on measuring distance with average error 21.94 mm and variance 32.11. On the other hand, error measurement resulted by Kinect and RPLidar strongly depended on measured distance of the object from the sensors, while measurement error resulted by Kinect had a negative correlation with the measured distance and the error resulted by RPLidar sensor had a positive correlation with the measured distance. The performance of these three sensors for detecting a transparent object shows that the Kinect sensors can detect the transparent object on its effective range measurement, Hokuyo UTM-30LX can detect the transparent object in the distance more than equal to 200 mm, and the RPLidar sensor cannot detect the transparent object at all tested distance. Lastly, the experiment shows that the Hokuyo UTM-30LX has the fastest processing time significantly, and the RPLidar has the slowest processing time significantly, while the processing time of Kinect sensor was in between. These processing times were not significantly affected by various tested distance measurement
Comparison between RLS-GA and RLS-PSO for Li-ion battery SOC and SOH estimation: a simulation study
No full textThis paper proposes a new method of concurrent SOC and SOH estimation using a combination of recursive least square (RLS) algorithm and particle swarm optimization (PSO). The RLS algorithm is equipped with multiple fixed forgetting factors (MFFF) which are optimized by PSO. The performance of the hybrid RLS-PSO is compared with the similar RLS which is optimized by single objective genetic algorithms (SOGA) as well as multi-objectives genetic algorithm (MOGA). Open circuit voltage (OCV) is treated as a parameter to be estimated at the same timewith internal resistance. Urban Dynamometer Driving Schedule (UDDS) is used as the input data. Simulation results show that the hybrid RLS-PSO algorithm provides little better performance than the hybrid RLS-SOGA algorithm in terms of mean square error (MSE) and a number of iteration. On the other hand, MOGA provides Pareto front containing optimum solutions where a specific solution can be selected to have OCV MSE performance as good as PSO
Optimal selection of LQR parameter using AIS for LFC in a multi-area power system
No full textThis paper proposes a method to optimize the parameter of the linear quadratic regulator (LQR) using artificial immune system (AIS) via clonal selection. The parameters of LQR utilized in this paper are the weighting matrices Q and R. The optimal LQR control for load frequency control (LFC) is installed on each area as a decentralized control scheme. The aim of this control design is to improve the dynamic performance of LFC automatically when unexpected load change occurred on power system network. The change of load demands 0.01 p.u used as a disturbance is applied to LFC in Area 1. The proposed method guarantees the stability of the overall closed-loop system. The simulation result shows that the proposed method can reduce the overshoot of the system and compress the time response to steady-state which is better compared to trial error method (TEM) and without optimal LQR control
Optimized object tracking technique using Kalman filter
No full textThis paper focused on the design of an optimized object tracking technique which would minimize the processing time required in the object detection process while maintaining accuracy in detecting the desired moving object in a cluttered scene. A Kalman filter based cropped image is used for the image detection process as the processing time is significantly less to detect the object when a search window is used that is smaller than the entire video frame. This technique was tested with various sizes of the window in the cropping process. MATLAB® was used to design and test the proposed method. This paper found that using a cropped image with 2.16 multiplied by the largest dimension of the object resulted in significantly faster processing time while still providing a high success rate of detection and a detected center of the object that was reasonably close to the actual center
A hybrid PV-battery/diesel electricity supply on Peucang island: an economic evaluation
No full textRenewable energy technologies are currently under a dynamic cost development. This case holds especially for solar technology that has reached price levels that were unimaginable until a short time ago. It also holds for battery technologies the application of which is related to the increasing usage of photovoltaic energy converters and the growing interest in electric vehicles. With the decreasing prices more and more possible application cases of renewable energy technologies become economically viable. A case study was done for a location on a small island located on the west tip of Java. The levelized electricity cost of a hybrid electricity supply system composed of a solar generator and battery in combination with the existing diesel generators was compared to the electricity generation cost of the existing system. Two different battery options were taken into account, lead-acid batteries and lithium-ion batteries. The results of this study can give a rough orientation also for other locations with similar characteristics
Modeling and design of cooperative braking in electric and hybrid vehicles using induction machine and hydraulic brake
No full textIn mixed-mode braking applications, the electric motor / generator (M/G) and hydraulic pressure valve are controlled to meet the driver’s braking demand. Controlling these braking elements is achieved by modulating the current generated by the M/G and adjusting the fluid pressure to the wheel brake cylinders. This paper aims to model and design combined regenerative and hydraulic braking systems which, comprise an induction electric machine, inverter, NiMH battery, controller, a pressure source, pressure control unit, and brake calipers. A 15 kW 1500 rpm induction machine equipped with a reduction gear having a gear ratio of 4 is used. A hydraulic brake capable to produce fluid pressure up to 40 bar is used. Direct torque control and pressure control are chosen as the control criteria in the M/G and the hydraulic solenoid valve. The braking demands for the system are derived from the Federal Testing Procedure (FTP) drive cycle. Two simulation models have been developed in Matlab®/Simulink® to analyze the performance of the control strategy in each braking system. The developed model is validated through experiment. It is concluded that the control system does introduce torque ripple and pressure oscillation in the braking system, but these effects do not affect vehicle braking performance due to the high frequency nature of pressure fluctuation and the damping effect of the vehicle inertia. Moreover, experiment results prove the effectiveness of the developed model
