Antropologi Indonesia
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Developing an Indigenous Modernity: Changing Birth Practices in Bali
No full textWacana akademis internasional tentang modernitas seringkali mengasumsikan modernitas bersifat universal dan homogen. Tulisan ini membantah asumsi tersebut melalui penelitian tentang medikalisasi kelahiran di Bali. Tiga tempat utama untuk melahirkan-rumah keluarga laki-laki, klinik lokal, dan rumah sakit umum daerah-memperlihatkan peningkatan derajat 'modern', namun banyak staf medis masih mengakomodasi praktik-praktik kelahiran tradisional. Sebagai contoh, keyakinan tentang kemampuan Kanda Mpat - empat spirit pelindung setiap bayi - diakomodasi, bahkan di rumah sakit sekalipun. Perawatan secararitual terhadap Kanda Mpat berlanjut; dan pengetahuan tentang Kanda Mpat secara umum meningkat. Tulisan ini menjelaskan bahwa keberlanjutan dan penyesuaian praktik-praktik kelahiran terhadap lingkungan baru memperlihatkan tidak adanya suatu pertentangan antara tradisi asli dan modernitas global. Wanita-wanita Bali menciptakan versi mereka sendiri tentang modernitas pada saat kelahiran
Simposium Internasional Jurnal Antropologi Indonesia: Membangun Kembali ‘Indonesia yang Bhinneka Tunggal Ika’: Menuju Masyarakat Multikultural
No full textRubrik berita kali ini masih memuat informasi lanjutan tentang resume panel-panel yang digelar pada acara Simposium Internasional Jurnal ANTROPOLOGI INDONESIA ke-3 tanggal16-19 Juli 2002, di Universitas Udayana, Bali. Selain resume dari sebagian sebagian panel tersebut, disajikan pula berita tentang Workshop on Visual Anthropology dalam rubrik berita in
Si Unyil Anak Indonesia
No full textThis article illustrates the process of reformulating Indonesian identities in the new "Si Unyil" program, decisions made, their background and consequences. The new Unyil appears for an ideal: parents miss an educational children television program. Production team seemed to believe that this ideal is not blocking their needs for profit. The question is 'who is the real audience?', 'Children or their parents?'. When reproduced, "Si Unyil" series is problematic. In one hand, the old Unyil is no longer fit the new television industry. Countryside setting is not interesting for the advertisement, so in the new series Unyil lives in a suburb area, place for middle class, the most potential market. Sarong and Malay's hat, wore by old Unyil, now are being replaced by unbuttoned shirt and backpack. The old Unyil played hide and seek and ate traditional cake, now Unyil plays videogame and eats ice cream. But this is an old legendary program for Indonesian children, how do they put the Indonesian context
Gagasan Tentara, Kata-kata Media Nasional, ‘Kenyataan’ Massa Rakyat Indonesia
No full textRegarding Indonesian recent extensive and intensive regional and communal violence, TNI, the Indonesian National Army-as one of the most responsible (and capable) state apparatus to deal with it-in fact, almost has not done something substantial. Or, violent actions in contemporary Indonesian (multicultural) societies, perhaps, have never been a legitimate monopoly of supposedly a modern state. Based on critical analysis of news and images disseminated by contemporary mass media in modern Indonesia, this paper tries to deconstruct a myth. It is a (anthropological) myth of presuming that thoughts (and identity), words (and language) and reality (and imagination) were different things; and that those three things were related one to another hierarchically. After the 'fall' of the New Order military regime in 1998, and even in its most chaotic period, since early year of 2000, TNI innocently and ironically has manipulated the myth in order to maintain its hegemonic (dual function) power in dealing with the Indonesian common people's expressions of looking for human rights and justice. Although, this paper likely does not believe any longer in the usual existing idea and practice of democracy that remains focus on making accountable the exercise of (military) government power. History of political economy has brought with it a fundamental change in the form of expanding business and financial power-modern audio-visual mass-media included. Cornering certain ironic contemporary typical Indonesian politico-economic and cultural representations, hopefully, this article would remind the readers on the allures and threats of a modernization which parades and sells out words, thoughts, and reality so recklessly
Menelusuri Jejak Kehidupan Keturunan Arab-Jawa di Luar Tembok Keraton Yogyakarta
No full textThe assimilation between Arabic in-migrants from Hadramaut with Javanese noble women has been taking place since the 13th century. Some of their offspring has identified themselves as Arabic Indonesians, especially after Independence, while a proportion of them have chosen to associate themselves with their local Javanese relatives. The latter even has lost their Arabic cultural identity, and as a result, has become Javanese. This article tries to explain why such a phenomenon has materialized using a family case of a Javanese trah-Javanese version of a clan-who has been living outside the Yogyakarta court. By tracing the family lineage; attitude -both culturally and politically- and life-style of certain trah's figures as Javanese in the context of larger meso-institutional and macro-structural systems, this article argues that the fading away of Arabic identity among the offspring of this particular trah could be attributed to two contextual political economic relations between the Dutch and the Javanese rulers in two different eras. The first one was before the Dipanegara war when the relation was mainly economic, namely the Dutch as the trade-corporate (VOC); and the second was afterwards during which time the Dutch managed to consolidate their full total-grip as a colonial power. Furthermore, this article argues that the attitude of the Dutch and the way they treated the offspring this particular Arabic-Javanese court families, and their generational impact, could only be understood within the larger contexts of the day. Key words: trade capitalism; social relation; political economic power. 
“It’s the Matter of One’s Feeling:” Gender, Desire and Identity among Female Same-Sex Relationship in Globalised South Sulawesi
No full textFokus dalam artikel ini adalah pada isu gender, seksualitas dan identitas diantara lesbian di Makassar (Sulawesi Selatan). Diskusi dalam artikel ini menyangkut bagaimana perempuan 'menjadi lesbian', bagaimana mereka mengkonseptualisasikan diri hunter dan lines, bagaimana lesbian menegosiasikan identitas gender mereka dalam konteks norma heteroseksual yang dominan, dan bagaimana seks dan seksualitas ditampilkan. Ini diillustrasikan dengan sejumlah studi kasus dari interaksi dengan hunter dan lines. Argumentasi dalam artikel ini adalah bahwa posisi subjektivitas lesbian telah secara relatif dipengaruhi oleh diskursus global. Akan tetapi, hunter dan lines menciptakan norma-norma unik berdasarkan norma-norma orang-orang di sekitar mereka (seperti 'budaya pop, agama, keluarga, media massa dll.). Kata kunci: Lesbian, hunter, lines, feminin, maskulin, gender, seksualitas, identitas. 
Contesting Womanhood in Two Indonesian Islamic Organizations
No full textSejak tahun 1980an, Indonesia mengalami kebangkitan Islam dalam bentuk praktik-praktik keagamaan yang lebih ortodoks, partai-partai politik Islam yang berkembang, dan kelompok-kelompok mahasiswa Muslim yang berperan penting dalam gerakan reformasi 1998 yang menjungkalkan presiden Soeharto. Namun gerakan Islam di Indonesia juga amatlah beragam dan banyak perbedaan berporos pada isu-isu gender dan perempuan. Tulisan ini akan membahas dua organisasi, yaitu sebuah LSM Islam liberal dan sebuah partai politik Islam konservatif, dengan mengkaji perseteruan dalam keyakinan-keyakinan mereka mengenai gender dan perempuan. Meskipun kedua organisasi mengambil anggota-anggotanya dari lingkungan yang sama, yaitu kelas menengah perkotaan, namun keyakinan politiknya mewakili dua aliran utama dalam gerakan Islam di Indonesia. Dalam tulisan ini kajian difokuskan pada bagaimana dua organisasi dan orang-orang yang terlibat di dalamnya melakukan maneuver dalam konteks sosial dan politik Indonesia yang belum mantap dan dalam peralihan. Secara khusus, perbedaan dan persamaan ideologi gender di antara keduanya mengungkapkan bagaimana pentingnya isu-isu gender dan seksualitas bagi gerakan Islam kontemporer di Indonesia. Tulisan ini berdasarkan penelitian etnografi pada tahun 2002-2003 dan 2005, dan merupakan bagian dari disertasi tentang Islam dan aktivis hak-hak perempuan di Jakarta. Kata kunci: Indonesia, Islam, gender, perempuan, feminisme, womanhood. 
Unwelcome Guests: Relations between Pengungsi Maluku Utara and Their Hosts in Sulawesi Utara
No full textThis paper looks at the deteriorating relations between the population of Sulawesi Utara and the approximately 35,000 internally displaced people (IDPs) who fled there from the neighboring province of Maluku Utara. These IDPs first began arriving in large numbers in November of 1999 when communal violence broke out on the islands of Ternate and Tidore in Maluku Utara. They continued arriving until the violence came to a halt in June of 2000.Initially, relations between the two groups were positive. However, the extended presence of 35,000 IDPs created several problems, including a decrease in wages and an increase in housing costs. Negative perceptions of IDPs and jealously over IDP aid have created further misunderstandings. Additionally, IDP experiences with locals have led them to distrust the local population. On a few occasions these tensions have broken out into violence, and some fear this is a foreshadowing of the future should large numbers of IDPs decide to stay in Sulawesi Utara. This paper examines the relationships between these groups, as well as some of the efforts made by international NGOs to address these issues
‘Austronesian Cosmopolitanism’ and Indonesia as a Politico-Economic System
No full textBased on data from fieldwork in Flores, this article suggests an indigenous form of tolerance and suppleness as the model for a new form of multiculturalism in Indonesia. Many studies of nationalism have criticized the perspective that developing nation-states need 'strong nationalism. However, if we step out of this hegemonic preoccupation, we come to realize that the relevant question is not how Indonesia can keep its unity but on what conditions Indonesia can function well as a politico-economic system, keeping diverse areas incorporated in the post-modern and global contexts at present and in the future. In Flores, people have been traversing real and imagined borders since the time of the Austronesian migration and the age of Southeast Asian maritime commerce. Even after independence, Flores has had direct transnational linkage through the Catholic network and recently quite a few Catholic priests and candidates from Flores have been sent abroad. Due to the development of global capitalism, many people from mountainous areas in central Flores also go to Malaysia as low-paid labourers, and they accommodate well to the new situations. As illegal labourers, Florenese people develop social ties with the people whom they meet overseas. Even when they are arrested and forced to come home from Malaysia, they are never stigmatized in their home village. I would like to name tentatively this principle of social adaptability and political flexibility, which also orders life in Florenese villages, 'Austronesian cosmopolitanism'. I further suggest that this Austronesian principle of political flexibility could prove a useful model for the Indonesian nation-state as it struggles to adopt a new political model that prevents the escalation of retaliatory violence and allows the country to continue as a politico-economic uni
from the Law of Primitive Man to the Socio-Legal Study of Complex Society
No full textTulisan ini menyajikan garis besar perkembangan antropologi hukum sejak munculnya karya H.Maine pada akhir abad ke-19 hingga masa kini. Dalam uraian tentang sejarah subdisiplin ini dari sudut pandang empiris-historis, penulis mengetengahkan adanya beberapa fase utama dalam perkembangan antropologi hukum beserta karakteristik pokoknya, yakni fase akhir abad ke-19, awal abad ke-20, dan akhir tahun 1960-an. Pada awal tulisannya, penulis menyatakan bahwa sejarah itu senantiasa mengalami perubahan-perubahan dan kesinambungan. Antropologi hukum juga bervariasi sepanjang sejarah perkembangannya. Dalam periode sejarah yang berbeda, berkembang asumsi-asumsi teoritis, minat perhatian, serta metode yang berbeda pula. Karena itu, patut dihindari adanya upaya pencarian untuk suatu sifat yang hakiki dan esensial dari antropologi hukum, serta interpretasi yang tepat "apakah" antropologi hukum itu. Penulis membahas pula hubungan antara antropologi hukum dan ilmu hukum, tema sentral dalam penelitian subdisiplin ini, perlunya kombinasi metode antara antropologi hukum dan sosiologi hukum walau tetap ada pembedaan bidang akademis diantara keduanya, dan relevansi praktis dari subdisiplin ini.