Antropologi Indonesia
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Dimensi Adat dan Dinamika Komunitas Dayak di Kalimantan Timur
No full textAdat is Indonesian concept for customary law, a living law practiced by people in their communities. For decades after independence of Indonesia in 1945, the role of adat was gradually changed and replaced by national legal laws. It, however, did not really abolish the existence of adat in daily practices of particular communities. Since the 1998 Reformation, adat has been becoming a central academic and policy discussions as the changing of political system in Indonesia introduces regional autonomy policy in the regency level. Adat, since then, is extensively used to various activisms and practices. For examples, the indigenous people movement employs the term ‘masyarakat adat’ to replace ‘indigenous people’; and as it appears in some regencies, adat is used as the basis for developing new local regulations. Our findings in Kutai Kartanegara, East Kalimantan, indicated that adat is used to represent at least five ideas with different meaning and degree of obedience. Adat in our discussion refer to traditional inventions in a community, re-creation of the old Kutai Sultanate regulations, local regulations issued by local governments, agreements between parties when an event occurs, and strategies developed by activists to dealing with power. Although they are contesting and competing in everyday life, we argue that it was aimed mainly for the sake of practicality rather than for ideological reasons
Laporan Penelitian Pendahuluan: Perubahan Masyarakat Desa di Daerah Gayo, Kabupaten Aceh Tengah
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Transformasi Wereng Batang Cokelat dari ‘Hama Tidak Penting’ Menjadi ‘Hama Elite’ Pada Ekosistem Padi Sawah di Pulau Jawa: Sebuah Pembahasan Etnografi Multispesies
No full textThis paper aims to situate the transformation Brown Plant-Hopper (BPH) in broader issues of wetland rice socio-agroecosystem management in Java. By considering multispecies ethnography, this paper argues that the transformations of BPH from "unimportant insects" into "elite dangerous pests" is a consequence of the complexity of the interplay between biological processes and social processes in the context of managing biotic and abiotic elements in rice farming ecosystem. In this context, wetland rice ecosystems (sawah) is a unique social and biological space where multi-species actors interact with one another, directly or indirectly. Thus, the transformation of BPH insects is the result of aggregate of events on a different time and spatial scale. It is a continuation of everyday acts, and it is long term consequences, as well as of global and local processes. The data used for this paper obtained through interviews, field observations, and literature studies. During the data collection process, the author interacts with farmers, scientists, government officials, and activists