Antropologi Indonesia
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Wanita dan Pendidikan: Sampai dimana Masih Ada Diskriminasi terhadap Wanita?
No full textLegally there is no discrimination against women in the field of education, such as discernable in laws concerning formal education. Schools are generally co-educational; even those schools which initially are meant to enroll only boys (technical schools) or only girls (schools for home economic) are how open to both sexes. However statistical data show that there is a greater percentage of illiteracy among woman...[...]Non-formal education is provided by governmental instances, women's organization and private enterprises as well with a view to increasing the potentials of men and women; enrollment in these courses, arranging from literacy classes to agricultural training and in home economics, is voluntarily. Informal education is received through experiences in the family circle and other social groups, exposure to the mass media and by attending the traditional and modern theater. To what extent discrimination against women is apparent through informal education further social research may be able to reveal
Minahasa: Wanua dan Kawanua, Sebuah Pengantar
No full text"...[...] Istilah wanua atau banua mengacu kepada ruang lingkup kehidupan komunal yang sekaligus memberikan identitas kepada mereka yang berasal dari ruang lingkup itu dengan penyebutan kawanua yang berarti 'teman se-wanua'. Konsep wanua dan konsep kawanua yang menyertainya yang barangkali terjemahan tepatnya adalah 'dunia' (sesuai dengan pendapat Supir (1986); dan merupakan analogi dengan ungkapan seperti 'dunia dagang', 'dunia akademi', 'dunia anak-anak' dan seterusnya) dan 'teman dari dunia yang sama' telah mengalami perluasan cakupan acuannya...[...] bahwa konsep wanua dan kawanua dapat bertahan hingga sekarang tidak lain disebabkan oleh karena keberhasilannya beradaptasi terhadap perkembangan masyarakat Minahasa tanpa menghilangkan makna intinya.
Paradigma Naturalistik dalam Penelitian Pendidikan: Pendekatan Kualitatif dan Penggunaannya
No full textThis article discusses hoe the qualitative approach in the social sciences is applied to the study of education and educational systems. A discussion is given on how the qualitative approach differs from the quantitative approach, with an emphasis on how an understanding of the culture of the people under study becomes of a central importance in the former. Educational institutions must be studied within a wider context, allowing the researcher to identify relevant problem areas that are often deemed irrelevant by quantitative studies using deductive models. It is also noted that research conducted with the qualitative approach requires that the researcher must have sufficient theoretical and conceptual knowledge, as well as knowledge of the methods needed to collect data. 
Dari Bounded System ke Borderless Society: Krisis Metode Antropologi dalam Memahami Masyarakat Masa Kini
No full text Society and culture can no longer be viewed as they have been in the past. Fundamental changes in-group and cultural dynamics provide a new context with implications on how anthropological research must be done. A major change is the shift from the view of societies and cultures as bounded systems to the deterritorialization of culture. The author identifies three stages of change bearing upon agrarian cultures, i.e., market entry, market integration and market expansion. There is a new social reality wherein increasingly intensive mobility is enabled by transportation and communication, thus allowing movement across geographic and cultural boundaries. The author notes that the implications of this are manifold, i.e., a shift in the context for the production of meaning; the problem of the locus of culture; conventional methods of data collection that do not inform the anthropologist on how to handle data available from electronic media; the problem of representation and representativeness; and the matter of determining the unit of analysis in research. 
Menuju Kesehatan Madani
No full text"...[...] Ketigabelas artikel dalam buku ini sesungguhnya dapat dikelompokkan ke dalam dua (2) bagian besar, yaitu masalah pelayanan kesehatan dan masalah kesehatan reproduksi. Ulasan tentang pelayanan kesehatan tercakup dalam tujuh (7) artikel pertama yang sebagian besar didasarkan atas penelitian antropologi kesehatan yang dilakukan penulis di Jawa Tengah. Fokus pembahasan pada profesi perawat di puskesmas memperlihatkan bahwa perawat lebih tertarik untuk melakukan pengobatan pada pasien Puskesmas, dan menyerahkan kegiatan preventif dan promotion pada staf Puskesmas lainnya.
Pengembangan Investasi Modal Sosial dalam Pembangunan
No full textDevelopment in Indonesia has been characterized by a top-down and centralistic model, placing importance upon economic capital and measured by economic growth. The author argues for the importance of developing social capital investment, whereby social capital is seen as the capacity that emerges from mutual trust in society and transmitted through cultural mechanism. He provides two contrasting cases of social capital investment in development: community-based management resource management in South Tapanuli and a Social Safety Net program in North Sumatera. Although both were designed to allow for equal participation in every stage of the program, the latter met with failure because of very high bureaucratic intervention and the absence of trust among participants. On the other hand, the former program proved successful for the opposite reasons, and for the added ability of the community in crafting institutions. 
Religious Conflicts and a Culture of Tolerance: Paving the Way for Reconciliation in Indonesia
No full textIndonesia yang berideologi Pancasila, dikenal sebagai suatu bangsa yang toleran meski memiliki aneka sukubangsa, budaya dan agama. Akhir-akhir ini, isu dan realitas konflik antaragama dan antarsukubangsa semakin merebak. Simbol-simbol keagamaan acapkali dimanipulasi oleh kelompok-kelompok tertentu. Manipulasi semacam itu yang melahirkan konflik-konflik agama turut menantang khasanah budaya Indonesia yang toleran, yang telah sekian lama diakui dan dijunjung tinggi. Semangat toleransi itu di antaranya dibangun diatas landasan ideologi nasional Pancasila dan khasanah budaya lokal seperti pela gandong dari Ambon atau budaya rumah adat dari Flores. Dalam artikel ini penulis berargumentasi bahwa manipulasi simbol-simbol agama tidak akan pernah dapat menyelesaikan konflik-konflik agama dan sukubangsa yang terjadi, baik di Ambon maupun tempat-tempat lain diIndonesia. Bertolak dari teori bandul toleransi antaragama (pendulum swing theory of religious tolerance), penulis berargumentasi bahwa pendekatan budaya sebagaimana dikaji dalam studi kasus tentang 'budaya rumah adat Keo' dari Flores Tengah dan peristiwa Kupang (1998) dapat menjadi acuan untuk belajar dari pengalaman. Lebih lanjut, otonomi agama,baik di tingkat institusi maupun personal, merupakan suatu kondisi mutlak untuk mempertahankan Indonesia sebagai suatu negara kesatuan. Agama tanpa otonomi, dan bahkan yang secara sengaja dipolitisasi oleh sejumlah elite politik dan kelompok-kelompok fanatik, akan secara mudah menyulut terjadinya konflik-konflik agama. Pemerintah Indonesia, pemimpin-pemimpin agama dan para penganut aneka agama seyogianya menyatakan rasa 'sesal dan tobat', bila mereka ingin membuka jalan ke arah rekonsiliai dan melanjutkan kehidupan yang harmonis sebagai suatu negara kesatuan
Profesionalisme TNI di tengah Transisi Politik
No full textThe Indonesian Armed Force (Tentara Nasional Indonesia, TNI) has for decades been the instrument used by those in power to endorse and hold their powerful positions. As a consequence, the Indonesian Armed Force has not only lost its professionalism, but also its quality and competence. A professional army can only be established in the condition of a democratic political life. In this article the author describes the situation in Indonesia nowadays, i.e. the transition towards democratization. In this process, the most important agenda is to return the main function of the Indonesian Armed Force in line with the need and the will of Indonesian people, i.e. to guard the nation sovereignty and territory. However, the author also recognizes the other functions the armed force has to carry out. In relation to this, the article examines how the professionalism of the Indonesian Armed Force can be formed in the midst of a political transition process. The author proposes several steps to be taken, i.e. to revise or replace the legislation about the state's defense policy; revise the armed force's doctrine so as to accommodate the people's needs; revise the legislation on the police force to enable the police to guard the civil order, strengthen the law, and avoid the outside intervention; as well as to allow the armed force's members to choose their representatives in the general election
Kebijakan Otonomi Daerah: Otonomi Pendidikan dalam Perspektif Sosial Budaya
No full textIt unfortunately reveals that regional autonomy, and so to education autonomy as an integral part of it, as reflected through UU No.22 Tahun 1999 has not touched the very basic of cultural values and process of democracy, one core element it should significantly contain with. Central as well as regional policy makers and politicians, especially, have spent much their time to physical need and financial balancing debates between central and locals and deliberately forget the intrinsic cultural issue of the term, that is democracy as a cultural value formation process. Taking our current national education situation into account this article tries to introduce some cultural principles education autonomy should aim at. Based on holism in cultural approach education autonomy should pay attention seriously to strengthening community support to education
Entikong: Daerah Tanpa Krisis Ekonomi di Perbatasan Kalimantan Barat–Sarawak
No full text"...[...] Entikong, salah satu daerah yang berbatasan dengan negara Malaysia, merupakan daerah yang merespon krisis ekonomi secara berbeda dari sebagian besar daerah di tempat lain. Jika sebagian besar wilayah negara Indonesia mengalami 'kebangkrutan' akibat krisis ekonomi, sebaliknya, masyarakat di daerah perbatasan ini justru meraup keuntungan. Masyarakat Entikong justru menginginkan tetap berlangsungnya krisis ekonomi, karena hal itu membuat semakin bergairahnya kehidupan mereka. Harga jual komoditi pertanian, perkebunan, kehutanan, dan keperluan barang sehari-hari melalui lintas batas antarnegara relatif tinggi. Hal itu terjadi karena selisih kurs yang sangat tinggi. Bahkan, harga barang yang dibeli dari warga negara Indonesia jauh lebih murah daripada harga barang yang sama di Malaysia. Faktor itulah yang mengakibatkan masyarakat Malaysia bersedia membeli barang-barang Indonesia. Faktor pendukung dari keuntungan masyarakat Entikong itu berkaitan dengan fasilitas sarana dan prasarana di Entikong yang relatif memadai. Warga Indonesia atau warga Malaysia tidak terlalu sulit mencapai garis perbatasan sebagai titik pertemuan mereka untuk melakukan interaksi. Selain itu, tingkat ekonomi warga Malaysia relatif lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan tingkat ekonomi warga Indonesia. Warga negara Indonesia pun mampu menawarkan komoditi dengan kualitas yang tidak terlalu rendah dan harga bersaing dengan barang-barang yang diperjualbelikan di Malaysia. Bahkan, tingkat harganya sangat rendah dipandang dari sudut kacamata ekonomi Malaysia."