Antropologi Indonesia
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Expressing Chinese-ness: An Alternative Imagery among Young Chinese Indonesians
No full textAfter the 1998 reformation, Chinese Indonesians become more open in expressing their identity in the public sphere in everyday life. However, a pivotal moment for Chinese Indonesians began with Ahok’s engagement with the political life, even though he then tripped in a political ploy that finally turned off Chinese collective hope for equality. On the one hand, anti-Chinese sentiment was reproduced as a tool for political segregation. On the other hand, young Chinese Indonesians are actively expressing their identity and political preferences through social media. We argue that the expressions shared publicly by young Chinese Indonesians might portray a different reflection of identity which is closely related to the political changes of the contemporary Indonesian society. Through their public expressions, new imagery of Chinese Indonesian was created as an alternative to the state-forced imagery on their Chinese-ness. This paper elaborates on how the current imagery produced and reproduced by young Chinese Indonesians through new mediums of social media in response to the continuous political conflict in their daily life
Rethinking the Politics of Difference in Indonesia
No full textWhilst Indonesia was founded on the principle of Bhinneka Tunggal Ika, the politics of difference has not prevailed as the governing principle in law, society and polity. Instead, domination of the powerful has claimed of assuming the right to govern. During the Suharto’s New Order, the military dictatorship dominated Indonesia for more than three decades with complete impunity whereas in the post‐reformasi era, majority‐minority paradigm seems to rule the country. In both contexts, the rule of law has never been the top priority. Rather, the state of exception, as Carl Schmitt coins, governs and even condones the majority‐minority paradigm. As result the Indonesia’s diversity in ethnicity, religion and class has been subjected to the domination of the majority and its narrative. Papua is one of the cases
Bergerak dalam Diam: Budaya Penguasaan dan Kontestasi Sumber Daya Hutan Lebakbarang
No full textThis article discusses the contestation over forest resources between Perhutani, as an agent of state, and Lebakbarang forest community. The disputes of perspectives and different interests concerning the forest have led to social conflict. The frictions of colonial history and state control over forest in Java also contribute to the long-drawn social conflict. To support the explanation of the forest resources contestation in Lebakbarang, this article presents historical and ethnographic data collected through a fieldwork and literature study. Using Foucault’s approach of governmentality, it tries to understand the forms of Perhutani’s control culture which has implications for the dispute over forest resources in Lebakbarang
Disintegration from Within and Open Indonesian Identity
No full textThis article analyzes various primordialistic conflicts coupled with ethnic and religious sentiments that occurred in the post-New Order Indonesia. It uses secondary data collected from various sources of literature. The analysis uses a cultural study approach that specifically focuses on the theory of essentialism and anti-essentialism concerning ethnicity and identity. Essentialism understands ethnicity and identity as a construct anchoring on a fixed and timeless value, while anti-essentialism understands it as a discursive in nature. By discussing the essentialist vis-à-vis anti-essentialist view in constructing state–religion relations in present day Indonesia, this article tries to reveal the underlying construct of Indonesian identity behind the tensions and conflicts between different ethnic and religious groups. It aims to offer an open construction of Indonesian identity as a strategy to neutralize the tendency of national disintegration from within
Harmoni Lanskap Spiritual dan Kontestasi Komoditas di Gunung Kawi
No full textIn understanding spiritual landscape, human ideas and practices in dealing with something sacred was considered to be connected with history or memory, cosmology, livelihood, power, and social dynamics. These aspects appeared to create structures and agents entangled around something that was considered sacred. Through a study on the sacred sites of Gunung Kawi, this article wants to show how an awareness of spiritual landscape producing and co-existing with commodification practices. Through the intertwined of those two logics—spiritual landscape and commodification—a lot of things in Gunung Kawi, both human and non-human, were behaving as an agent and an object at the same time. The sacred was then created through the interaction between landscape and human framed by spirituality and commodity
Papua Under The State of Exception
No full textThe paper argues that in post-Suharto's Indonesia, Papua remains under Carl Schmitt's state of exception in which law is suspended to allow executive power of the state to reign with little restrictions. The structure of domination has become much more complex as it no longer consists of dichotomy of the state authority and Papuan resistance movements. Rather, it colludes with the power of market, the monopoly of the powerful over natural resources as well as penetration of Wahhabism that undermines the existing cultural and social cohesion of the Papuans. The domination of the executive power of the state remains pervasive in the form of re-militarisation of Papua. The power of the market has placed Papua and Papuans under control of the economy elite who rules the game especially when it comes to land acquisition and extraction of natural resources. The politico-economy structure of domination has been exacerbated with the new phenomenon of Wahhabism that has undermined the cultural and social cohesion of the indigenous and non-indigenous Papuans. All these elements only affirm that the state of exception rules Papua as a frontier
Kolektif sebagai Institusi Kebudayaan Alternatif di Perkotaan Jawa: Telaah Infrastruktur Sosial
No full textCollectives as a non-formal cultural institution began to emerge and widespread at around the 1998 Reformation. As a new form of cultural movement in Yogyakarta, collectives were different to formal cultural institutions, such as museums and art galleries, which mostly depend on financial support from the government, corporation, or some individual patrons. This article discusses the contemporary cultural organization domain with the case of collectives based in Yogyakarta. Some groups with characteristics of collectives were initiated in the urban sphere and run by young people. We comprehend this activism of collectives as a ‘cultural acts’ (laku budaya)—they ran various cultural activities continuously in fine arts, visual arts, music, food issues, and the practices of ‘knowledge production.’ Cultural acts collectivism could be identified through their creative and liberatory works oriented toward the creation of art works and/or critical publications. Their works were experimental and frequently expressed through various mediums. Likewise, the spaces they used were generally not tied to a strict administrative framework as in various formal cultural institutions. This ethnography intends to present the history and dynamics of the collectives of cultural acts in Yogyakarta, both as a group and individuals, which stood on the spirit to represent alternative ideas, resistance, and liberation as the basis to their values. In addition, it also discusses how the collectives of cultural acts took tactical means through social, cultural, and political functions to promote their values to the public
Telaah Kritis terhadap Pendekatan Ekoteologi dalam Upaya Pelestarian Hewan Liar di Minahasa
No full textThe environmental theology approach, known as ecotheology, attempts to make people aware of their actions towards the natural environment through a theological framework. Its basic assumption departs from the idea that the dogma of hierarchical construction of the universe is the dominant factor in influencing ethical relation between humans and the natural world surrounding them. Within the framework of the dogma, humans are given a special mandate to maintain other creations. This article argues that ecotheology’s approach in conserving wild animals in Minahasa is still trapped in the ontological model of dualism. It is characterized by humans’ special status compared to other creations. It has the potential to negate other ethical choices that depart from different ontological models. Therefore, this approach will find it difficult to answer the question of why in on ontological model there are two contradictory ethical actions: on the one side, conservation, and on the other, exploitation. As an alternative, ecotheology first needs to understand the complexities of human motivation and action and then abstract it within theological framework
Menelusuri Akar Konflik dan Kebijakan Damai di Tanah Papua
No full textViolent conflicts that have been occurring in the Land of Papua since 1965 indicate no signs of coming to an end, even compounded by repression, discrimination, and marginalization of indigenous Papuans. This article aims to trace a number of studies of the Papuan conflict and its consequences to encourage the peace process. In addition, it aims to identify the gap between knowledge about the Papua conflict produced by researchers and the government policy to resolve the conflict. This research uses literature study. These studies were selected due to their focus on the asymmetrical power relations between the state and the people of Papua and the social context of research in the post-1998 Reform period that allowed the transformation of the independent Papua movement into a non-violent political movement. It argues that a number of social studies have identified the root causes of the Papua conflict and provided a variety of alternative peaceful solutions. However, a number of policies to make peace in Papua have failed, since the policymakers tend to base their policies on the political ideology of nationalism and the construction of colonial knowledge, namely 'civilizing' Papuans
Politics of Difference: Ethnicity and Social Class Within The Indonesian Middle Class in Digital Era
No full textToday the issue of ethnicity is considered ‘weaker’ compared to religious issues, particularly after the 2017 Jakarta Governor Election which was followed by the emergence of the so-called 212 Movement. Nevertheless, the fact shows that it’s as strong as ever. The issue of socio-economic gap between ethnic groups is complicated by digital divide between those with access to social media and those without. Information and opinion are mostly constructed by surveys conducted among those with access to internet or social media. As such, group differences are not marked by poverty per se like the previous era. Politics of difference has been dictated by new type of ethnicity, namely class-based ethnicity. In this article I would like to discuss this topic within the context of the changing Indonesian middle class and their approach to religiosity as a defining trait of their identity