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The Standardization of Ethanolic Extract of Tahongai Leaves (Kleinhovia hospita L.)
No full textExtract is basic material for herbal drug. The formulation of herbal drugs requires consistent of biological activity, a consistent chemical profile, or simply a quality assurance programs that can be achieved by standardizing extracts. The leaves of tahongai (Kleinhovia hospita L.) have been traditionally used in Komering tribes as phytotherapy to cure the inflammation related diseases including cancer, furuncles, polyps and tonsillitis. The aim at this study was to standardize the quality of tahongai leaves ethanolic extract by determining the specific and non specific parameters of ethanolic extract of Tahongai leaves (Kleinhovia hospita L.). The Preliminary phytochemical analysis revealed presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, tanins, and steroids in extract. The result of specific parameters extracts showed that the organoleptic properties of ethanolic extract of tahongai leaves were thick, brownish black in color, has characteristic odor, astringent with slightly bitter taste, the water and ethanol soluble extractive content were 19.263% ± 0.95 and 18.30% ± 0.51 respectively. The non specific parameters of tahongai leave ethanolic extract showed the density of extract was 1.413 g/mL ± 0.04, the water content value of 21.16% ± 0.55, total ash content 15.64% ± 0.75, acid insoluble ash content 8.282% ± 0.28, Pb contamination content 3,67 ppm, Cd contamination content <0,0043 ppm, total bacteria contamination 90.5 x 101 colony/g, and the total mold and yeast contamination of 1 x 101 colony/g
On the Influence of Enso And IOD on Rainfall Variability Over The Musi Basin, South Sumatra
Full text linkThe southern Sumatera region experiences one rainy season and one dry season in a year associated with seasonal change in monsoonal winds. The peak of rainy season is occurring in November-December-January during the northwest monsoon season, while the dry season comes in June-July-August during the southeast monsoon season. This study is designed to evaluate possible influence of the coupled ocean-atmospheric modes in the tropical Indo-Pacific region, namely the El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and the Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD) on the rainfall variability over the catchment area of the Music Basin, South Sumatera. The ENSO and IOD occurrences were reflected by the variability of sea surface temperature (SST) in the tropical Pacific and Indian Ocean, respectively. During El Niño and/or positive IOD episode, negative SST anomalies cover the eastern tropical Indian Ocean and western tropical Pacific including the Indonesian seas, leading to suppress convective activities that result in reduce precipitation over the maritime continent. The situation is reversed during La Niña and/or negative IOD event. The results revealed that the high topography area (e.g. Bukit Barisan) was shown to be instrumental to the pattern of rainfall variability. During the 2010 negative IOD co-occurring with La Niña event, the rainfall was significantly increase over the region. This excess rainfall was associated with warm SST anomaly over the eastern tropical Indian Ocean and the Indonesian seas. On the other hand, extreme drought event tends to occur during the 2015 positive IOD simultaneously with the occurrence of the El Niño events Investigation on the SST patterns revealed that cold SST anomalies covered the Indonesian seas during the peak phase of the 2015 positive IOD and El Niño event
Accumulation of Some Heavy Metals in Flavoparmelia caperata and Usnea dasypoga As Air Quality Bioindicator in Palembang City
No full textFlavoparmelia caperata and Usnea dasypoga lichen for the first time was used to assess the concentration of heavy metals in the air in Palembang City. 5 heavy metals Cd, Cu, Pb, Fe, and Zn were measured using the transplant method. Both samples of lichen were collected from Gununghalu, Bandung. The lichen was transplanted at 7 points on the roadside, after 8 weeks, samples were collected and analyzed using SSA. The concentration of heavy metals accumulated in F. caperata was Fe> Cu> Zn> Pb> Cd, on U. dasypoga was Fe> Zn> Cu> Pb> Cd. The results showed that both types of lichen were very suitable to be used as an air quality bioindicator. The EC ratio of both transplanted samples showed higher levels of accumulation in U. dasypoga with a significant accumulation rate on Pb metal followed by Cu, Cd, Zn, and Fe. Furthermore, dendrogram showed clustering based on the concentrations of heavy metals accumulated at each station due to differences in density and vehicle type. This indicated that the metals have the same source which derived from emissions of motor vehicles, road construction activities, and other local anthropogenic activities
The Definite Positive Property of Characteristic Function from Compound Geometric Distribution as The Sum of Gamma Distribution
Full text linkIn this expository article we survey characterization of compound geometric distribution as the sum of gamma distribution. The characterization of this compound distribution is obtained by using the property of characteristic function as the Laplace-Stieltjes transform. The property of definite positive characteristice function of compound geometric distribution as the sum of gamma distribution is explained by analytical methods as the quadratic form of characteristic function
On the Infinitely Divisible of Meixner Distribution
Full text linkThe log-returns of most financial data show a significant leptokurtosis. For the better fit we showed a special levy process which is called the Meixner process. The Meixner distribution belongs to the class of infinitely divisible distribution chracterized by using characteristic function and it was proposed as a model for represented efficiently of the log-returns of financial data. The perfect fit of underlying Meixner distribution performing by using goodness of fit test
Fabrication of Thermoplastic Elastomers (TPE) by Using Emulsion Method as an Alternative Material For Vehicle Bumper Protector
Full text linkResearch on Fabrication of Thermoplastic Elastomers (TPE) by Using Emulsion Method as an Alternative Material For Vehicle Bumper Protector aims to produce of the thermoplastic elastomers by emulsion method with variation of composition ratio of polypropylene grafting and Maleic Anhydride (PP-g-MA)(mL) : latex (mL) : glycerin, to have strong tensile strength results according to British Plastic Federation standard 0.5 – 2.4 (N/mm2) standard for bumper material elongation maximum of 22.62%. Emulsion method was used as sample preparation which is grafting polypropylene (PP) with Maleate Anhydride (MA) then continued with PP-g-MA Emulsion Making and Natural Rubber Latex Density. The observation technique of the test is done by FTIR PP-g-MA analysis, stability test, TPE visual analysis, TPE surface morphology using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) tool and TPE tensile strength test. The results of FTIR analysis is that the samples closest to the carbonyl value of C = O with the highest absorption were without glycerine samples 1703.48 cm-1 with the absorption of 94.84% and carbonyl C-O 1219 cm-1 with the absorption of 95.19%. The stability testing of density values reaches the standard of the Plastic Federation of 0.91 - 1.30 g/mL, for samples having the highest and stable density values up to the seventh day of observation is a sample of PP-g-MA: Latex (75:25) which is 1.059 g/mL. In the SEM test on the PP-g-MA sample: Latex (75:25) with a average diameter pores size of 1.408 μm and the smallest diameter pore size of 0.728 μm. The highest value of tensile strength occurred in the sample with the comparison of PP-g-MA: Latex (75:25) 1,175 N/mm2 and a maximum elongation of 22.62%
Non-Destructive Measurement of Green Bitter Gourd Quality Component Using Near Infrared Spectroscopy (NIRS)
Full text linkThe quality component measurement of horticultural products becomes more important to achieve better quality products also to obtain uniform product. Recently, measurement by non-destructive methods turns out to be more needed, because consumers become more selective and demand producers to develop a quick, effective and accurate quality assessment system. Near Infrared Spectroscopy (NIRS) can measure plant contents quickly, relatively economical in a bigger scale, and importantly non-destructive. The measurement of quality components of green bitter gourd, such as firmness, water content, total soluble solid, and color, are important but have not been widely conducted. This research was conducted from June to August 2013 at Post Harvest Laboratory, Faculty of Agriculture, Padjadjaran University, Sumedang, Indonesia with PLS regression modeling method. The results show R-value and standard error of 0.91 and 0.47 for water content, 0.93 and 1.03 for firmness, and 0.95 and 0.49 for a* value of fruit color
Antidiabetic Activity Test of Ethanolic Seri Leave’s (Muntingia Calabura L.) Extract in Male Rats Induced by Alloxan
Full text linkAntidiabetic activity test of ethanol extract of seri leave (Muntingia calabura L.) rats induced by alloxan has been done. Male wistar albino rats are used as animal models which divided into 6 groups, normal group (aquadest), negative control group (Na CMC 0,5%), positive control group (glibenclamide 0,43 mg/200 gBB), and 1, 2, and 3 treatment groups (ethanol extract of seri leave 65, 130, dan 260 mg/kgBB). Rats blood glucose level after induced intraperitoneally by alloxan 130 mg/kgBB can be stated as diabetes when >200 mg/dL. Preprandial blood glucose levels are measured using DTN-410-K photometer, on day 0, 5, 10, and 15. The average result of AUC0-15 and percentage of decreasing blood glucose level for positive control group are 2732,5 and 37,43%, and 3 treatment groups (65 mg/kgBB, 130 mg/kgBB, and 260 mg/kgBB) 3105 and 28,90%; 2962,5 and 32,16%; 2810 and 35,66%. This point indicated that the ethanol extract of seri leave has an antidiabetic activity and there is no significant difference compared with glibenclamide (p<0,05). Percentage of blood glucose decrease level the third treatment group there is no significant difference compare with positive control group. According to the relation between percentage of blood glucose decrease level with dose, value of ED50 of ethanol extract of seri leave is 692,424 mg/kgBB
