Indonesian Journal of Pharmacy
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Anti-Acne Mushrooms: A Review
Get PDFAcne is a common chronic inflammatory skin disease in which the skin pores are clogged with oil and dead skin cells. Acne is the second most common skin disease after dermatitis. Many factors influence the appearance of acne, such as skin disease, environmental hygiene, lifestyle, androgen hormones, inflammation, and stress, including the surface microflora of the skin and the colonization of acne-causing bacteria. Mushrooms are now offered as an alternative and complementary therapy for acne. This review aimed to evaluate natural sources of fungal origin for preventing and treating acne caused by bacteria. This review presents the application of several mushrooms in the management of acne. Electronic databases such as Web of Science, PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar were reviewed to identify the anti-acne effects of mushrooms. Based on the literature review results, it can be concluded that mushrooms have good potential as anti-acne by providing barriers to the growth of acne-causing bacteria, namely S. aureus, S. epidermidis and P. acnes. The ethanol extract of Shitake mushroom (Lentinula edodes) showed activity on P acnes and S epidermidis bacteria with an average inhibition zone of 13.4 mm and 15.33 mm, and was the most sensitive with a MIC value of 256 πg/mL. Warm water extract and Tris buffer extract of the Black Ear fungus Auricularia polytricha) showed activity on S. aureus bacteria with an average inhibition zone of 11.66 mm and the most sensitive with a MIC value of 5 πg/mL. At the same time, the hexane extract and methanol extract of red ear mushrooms (Auricularia auricula Judei) showed activity on S. aureus bacteria with an average inhibition zone of 28.6 mm and 25.3 mm and a sensitive MIC value of 0.78 mg/mL. In conclusion, several fungi can be used to manage acne caused by bacteria.
 
Age-Specific Patterns in Biologic and Targeted Synthetic DMARDs Discontinuation and Drug-Specific Risks
Get PDF This study aims to analyse and delineate the predictor factors linked to the likelihood of treatment failure, encompassing adverse drug reactions (ADRs) or inefficacy. The specific focus of this investigation is on elderly Malaysian rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients undergoing therapy with biologic and targeted synthetic disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs). An observational, prospective longitudinal study on individuals with RA used Cox proportional hazards regression to compare treatment failure risk due to ADRs or lack of effectiveness across age groups. To ensure contributing factors related to treatment failure, adjustments were made for factors such as age, gender, disease duration, comorbidities, smoking, DAS28, and steroid use. In a cohort of 270 patients, 32.2% were classified as elderly. The elderly group exhibited higher RA disease activity, measured by DAS28 ESR, compared to the younger population (mean DAS28 ESR 6.748 versus 5.916, p<0.001). Regarding treatment, elderly individuals were more likely to receive biologic and targeted synthetic DMARDs as monotherapy rather than combination therapy (52.9% versus 47.1%, p = 486), with non-TNF inhibitors being more prevalent than TNF inhibitors (50.6% versus 37.9%, p = 0.040). Notably, the administration of targeted synthetic DMARDs in the elderly showed a significant negative association with treatment failure compared to TNF inhibitor therapy (adjusted HR: 0.12, 95% CI: 0.038, 1.265, p<0.001) after adjustment. Noteworthy predictors of failure in both biologic and targeted synthetic DMARD therapies, encompassing comorbidities, polypharmacy, smoking, corticosteroid use, and gender, were discerned. The utilisation of targeted synthetic DMARDs among elderly RA patients suggests a potentially more suitable and secure treatment option compared to biologic DMARDs. The identified predictors hold potential significance for guiding clinical decisions, particularly in the context of considering the discontinuation of biologic and targeted synthetic DMARDs in patients
Methyleugenol enhances the anticancer effect of chemotherapeutic drug and boosts chemotherapy drug tolerance
No full textChemotherapy plays an important role in treating lung cancer. Chemotherapy drugs usually have good therapeutic effect, but due to the side effects, the dose needs to be considered. The use of non-toxic adjuvant natural product combined with chemotherapy drugs will be an important treatment mode in the future. The purpose of this study is to use non-toxic natural product (methyleugenol) to increase the therapeutic effect of chemotherapeutic agent (doxorubicin) on lung cancer and investigate the toxic effect of methyleugenol combined with chemotherapeutic agents on drug-resistant lung cancer cells. Methyleugenol combined with doxorubicin treated lung adenocarcinoma A549 cell line and established drug-resistant lung adenocarcinoma cell line (A549DoxR) were used in the study.
The methods including proliferation assay, cell wound healing assay, colony formation assay, DNA fragmentation assay, gelatin zymography assay, comet assay, reverse transcriptional polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), and western blot were adopted. The results showed methyleugenol significantly enhanced doxorubicin inhibited the cell growth, the cell colony formation, the cell migration, and the metastasis of A549 cells and A549DoxR cells. Methyleugenol strengthened doxorubicin to induce apoptosis and autophagy of A549 cells and A549DoxR cells. Methyleugenol can significantly enhance the treatment effect of chemotherapy drugs in lung cancer and strengthened the toxic effect of chemotherapy drugs on drug-resistant lung cancer cells. Methyleugenol can be developed to be used as an adjuvant to assist Chemotherapy drugs s and is targeted to clinically treat patients with multidrug resistance.
 
Liposomal Formulation of Plant Based Natural Photosensitisers for Thrombosis
No full textPhotothermal and photodynamic therapy (PTPDT) in medical field continue to evolve due to their relatively low adverse effect and high efficiency for therapeutic application. Photosensitisers compounds have shown excellent ability in inducing mild hyperthermia and generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) which is beneficial for thrombolysis. Herein, we explored plant-based sources rich in pigments such as beet root (BR), butterfly pea flower (BPF), red cabbage (RC), purple sweet potato (PSP) and phycocyanin (PHY) as natural photosensitisers (NPS) candidates for the treatment of thrombosis. We were able to produce extracts with strong absorption within the 400-800 nm wavelength range, the ideal window for photosensitisation. The photosensitising ability of the NPS were confirmed after significant photothermal increase was achieved after 5 minutes low intensity exposure with 450 nm and 550 nm lasers. Extract from BPF, RC, BR and PHY were the most promising and further formulated into liposomes. Through in vitro thrombolytic activity on human blood clots, we confirmed thrombolytic capability of NPS comparable to that of nattokinase. Liposomal formulation of the best NPS (Lip-PHY and Lip-BPF) produced particles of ~168.3 and 215.9 nm respectively, with good encapsulation efficiency and stability. Ultimately with this study, we have demonstrated liposomal formulation of NPs and their strong potential as thrombolytic agent
Challenges and Strategies in Global Cosmetics Supervision
No full textThis article presents an in-depth review of the regulatory complexities surrounding the cosmetics industry in various countries and evaluates the current efforts toward harmonization. It further analyzes the potential of intersectoral cooperation and technological advancements in shaping evidence-driven policy proposals for authorities, industry stakeholders, and other relevant actors seeking to improve regulatory oversight. Divergences in regulatory systems pose significant challenges, including market access restrictions, elevated compliance expenditures, and disruptions to international trade flows. Nonetheless, advancements in technology provide innovative tools to strengthen regulatory adherence and safeguard consumer health. These tools encompass digital infrastructures, centralized data repositories, artificial intelligence for risk assessment, and blockchain mechanisms for supply chain transparency. Achieving a balance between consumer safety, innovation facilitation, and market accessibility calls for a regulatory architecture that is both dynamic and internationally aligned. In addition, promoting global collaboration, integrating cutting-edge assessment technologies, and reinforcing synergies among regulators, academic institutions, and industry players are critical to enhancing regulatory effectiveness and public health protection. Ultimately, the review contributes actionable perspectives that support the development of a resilient and globally consistent regulatory ecosystem for cosmetic products
A Comprehensive Analysis of Total Phenolic Content, Antioxidant Properties, GC-MS Profiling, and Molecular Docking of Alkaloids in Selected Red Seaweeds
No full textRed seaweed contains numerous phytochemicals with notable antioxidant capabilities. This research aimed to evaluate the total phenolic content and antioxidant properties of selected red seaweeds (Eucheuma spinosum, Gelidiella acerosa, Gelidium amansii, Palmaria palmata) extracts, along with Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) profiling and a molecular docking study of identified alkaloids from the most active extract. Different crude extracts of selected red seaweeds were macerated using 80% methanol. The Folin-Cioucalteu method was used to determine the total phenolic content. The antioxidant activities of the extracts were assessed through ABTS and FRAP assays. The extraction yield ranged from 4.81 to 7.35%. The total phenolic content (TPC) varied from 3.50 to 10.46 mg GAE/g DW. The antioxidant activities, measured by ABTS and FRAP assays, ranged from 96.27 to 172 mg TE/g DW and 254.81 to 731.22, respectively. E. spinosum exhibited the most potent antioxidant activity. A positive correlation was observed between total phenolic content and antioxidant activities. Several bioactive metabolites, including alkaloids, corticosteroids, phenols, saturated and unsaturated fatty acids and steroids, were identified from the most active extract through GC-MS analysis. The identified alkaloids from E. spinosum were subjected to an in silico molecular docking using AutoDock Vina software to assess their potential binding patterns with the catalase (CAT) receptor (2CAG). The binding affinities of alkaloids 22, 23, 24 and 26 were found to be −10.0, −10.1, −8.4 and −6.8 kcal/mol, respectively. These values indicate that alkaloids 22 and 23 have a stronger propensity to bind to the receptor compared to trolox (−8.4 kcal/mol). These findings highlight the potential of red seaweed, particularly E. spinosum, as a valuable source of natural antioxidants with significant binding affinities, suggesting promising applications in health and pharmaceutical industries
Discovery of New Amphipathic Helix Antibacterial Peptides with Proteomic Analysis using LC-HRMS and Virtual Screening
No full textAntimicrobial peptide is an alternative to combat antibiotic resistance with typical characteristics such as amphipathic and helical structure. Several approaches such as virtual and conventional screening have been employed to discover new antibacterial peptides. In the current study we aim to discover new antibacterial peptides with virtual screening by filtering proteomic data bank of Chondrus crispus using machine learning. The proteomic data bank of Chondrus crispus were generated by LC-HRMS after tryptic digestion. The candidate peptides selection was carried out using machine learning and AMP’s characteristics. The proteomic study resulted 3645 candidate peptides. The first filtering using a positive charge characteristic, avoid amino acid and 12 – 50 residual lengths resulted 175 candidate peptides. Twelve candidate peptides were resulted second filtering by scoring using CAMPR4 and dbAMP. The last filtering performed by physicochemical analysis resulted three selected peptides CC1 (FSTSSRALRFFR), CC2 (RDLQQAISMVKK), and CC3 (IAAKIQLLRSYR). All selected peptides have promising physicochemical with amphipathic structures. The secondary structure analysis by CD showed that all peptides have a random coil structure in water and helix structure in 50% TFE. CC1 and CC3 showed inhibitions up to 100% at 250 μg/mL concentration against E. coli. However, both peptides exhibited lower activity against S. aureus with inhibitions around 50-60% at 250 μg/mL
Pharmacological Therapy for Ischemic Stroke Patients Accordance to Clinical Practice Guidelines
Get PDFStroke ranks as the second most common cause of mortality and the third most significant cause of disability globally. The frequency of stroke remains elevated in low- and middle-income countries, affecting 70% of the population. Additionally, stroke-related deaths and disability-adjusted life years might reach as high as 87%. This study aims to evaluate the suitability of a pharmacological treatment approach for stroke patients in Malaysia, specifically in a public hospital setting. The evaluation will be based on the Clinical Practice Guidelines (CPG) 2012. A four-year retrospective, cross-sectional study was undertaken using medical records conducted among (n=682) hospitalized patients at Sungai Buloh Hospital; only (n=126) conforms with inclusion criteria and confirmed ischemic stroke diagnoses. Data was gathered utilizing a self-created data-collecting form that included demographic information, comorbidity, and pharmacological treatment. The mean age of the reported cases was 66.66 years, with the majority (58%) males and only (42%) females. The compliance to the Clinical Practice Guideline Malaysia 2012 for ischemic stroke inpatient setting in a public hospital is (>72%) (p=0.001). A significant proportion of patients had pharmacological therapeutic management in adherence to stroke recommendations, which is considered a critical factor in reducing stroke-related disability and mortality
Mobile App-Assisted Patient Education in the Public Health: Minimizing Vaccine Anxiety and Managing Long-Term and Post-Covid-19 Effects
Get PDFThe challenge of vaccine hesitancy, especially towards COVID-19 vaccination, is raised by the widespread dissemination of misinformation, leading to increased anxiety among potential recipients. The primary objective is to assess the impact of a mobile app-based educational intervention on reducing anxiety associated with COVID-19 vaccination. Additionally, this study aims to establish the baseline prevalence of vaccine-related anxiety within the target population. A pre-test–post-test design was utilized for this study, conducted from March to August 2021 among residents of rural areas in the Special Region of Yogyakarta, Indonesia. A mobile app containing accurate and up-to-date vaccine-related information was developed for the educational intervention. Participants' levels of anxiety regarding COVID-19 vaccination were measured before and after the intervention using a standardized questionnaire. The Wilcoxon signed-rank test was applied for statistical analysis to evaluate the effectiveness of the intervention. Initial findings indicated that 56.90% of participants (n=268) experienced "mild to moderate" anxiety levels towards the COVID-19 vaccine before the intervention. Following the educational intervention, there was a statistically significant reduction in anxiety levels, with only 36.30% (n=171) reporting "mild to moderate" anxiety and 27.39% (n=129) indicating "moderate to severe" anxiety levels. The educational intervention's impact was statistically significant, with a p-value of 0.001. This study confirms that a mobile app-based educational intervention can significantly lower anxiety levels among individuals in rural Yogyakarta, Indonesia, concerning COVID-19 vaccination. These results highlight the potential of such interventions to effectively combat vaccine hesitancy and improve vaccine acceptance in similar contexts. This strategy shows promise in aiding global efforts to address the COVID-19 pandemic and future vaccination initiatives.
 
Decision-Making System for Extended Bacteremia Treatment in Patients with Hematologic Malignancy
Get PDFPatients with hematologic malignancy (HM) experiencing bloodstream infections by Acinetobacter baumannii (AB) encounter considerable mortality risks, despite 14 days of standard antibiotic therapy. This research addresses a critical clinical challenge by developing a decision-making system to identify patients with hematologic malignancy and Acinetobacter baumannii bloodstream infections who would benefit from extended antibiotic therapy. Retrospective cohort research was conducted on patients with hematologic malignancies (HM) who developed bloodstream infections and were treated with a 14-day course of antibiotics within the specified period from January 2019 to April 2024. The odds ratio (OR) and risk ratio (RR) were calculated to examine the relationships among clinical and demographic data. A multivariable logistic regression model has been applied and adjusted to account for various predictors. The predictive model and the “Ex-CSEPA” decision-making system were developed using logistic regression. The performance metrics, including sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, and area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC-ROC), were evaluated. The developed model demonstrated exceptional performance, achieving an accuracy of 98.7%. It exhibited a sensitivity of 99.07% and a specificity of 98.33% in predicting mortality, setting a cut-off point of 0.5 or higher as indicative of high risk for mortality after 14-day treatment. The system's ability to identify patients who would benefit from antibiotic (ATB) treatment beyond the standard 14-day period was particularly significant. The application of this predictive model in clinical practice has pushed up the potential to enhance decisions for extended-ATB duration and decrease 30-day mortality for patients with HM who are morbid with AB bloodstream infections