Indonesian Journal of Pharmacy
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Isolation and caracterization of Zerumbone isolated from Zingiber zerumbet
No full textZerumbone is a cyclic sesquiterpene compound which is the main content of ethanol extract and lempuyang essential oil (Zingiber zerumbet). Zerumbone has been studied as a potential anticancer agent because it induces apoptosis and cycle inhibition while inhibiting invasion and metastasis. This research aims to isolate zerumbone from lempuyang wangi (Zingiber zerumbet) extract. The method used in this research includes isolation using column chromatography which allows a compound to be obtained in quite large quantities. Monitoring of the isolate extract was analyzed using Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC) under a UV lamp, monitoring of the isolate fraction using TLC under a UV lamp, then testing the purity of the zerumbone isolate using the UV-Vis spectrophotometer method, IR (Infrared) spectroscopy, TLC with different eluents , and LC-MS/MS, obtained the same compound isolation results between the isolate and the zerumbone standard with high purity, with a yield of 11% isolate
Antiangiogenic activity of 4 – chloro phenyl carbothioamide derivatives in ex vivo and in vitro experimental study
No full textThe present study sought to examine the potential antiangiogenic, antioxidant, and cytotoxic properties of a carbothioamide indole derivative and assess VEGF gene expression. The tested indole derivative's antiangiogenic efficacy was assessed using the ex-vivo rat aorta ring (RAR) assay. The DPPH test for scavenging activity was utilized to clarify the most likely cause of its antiangiogenic action. The MTT assay assessed the proliferation of the HUVEC cell line while the expression of the VEGF gene in the colon cancer (HCT116) cell line was analysed. The evaluated drug exhibited antiangiogenic efficacy with an IC50 value of 17.99µg/ml in the RAR assay. The drug successfully reduced the DPPH free radical in a concentration-dependent manner (IC50 = 100.3 µg/ml). The evaluated drug exhibited negligible to non-toxic effects on the HUVEC cell line, with an IC50 value of 733.6 μg/ml. It significantly downregulates the VEGF gene expression in HCT116 cells at 400 µg/ml. In conclusion, the 2-NHC compound exhibited significant antioxidant and anti-angiogenesis effects with minimum toxicity against normal human cells. 2-NHC appears to downregulate the VEGF gene expression in colon cancer cell lines
Knowledge, attitude and behavior of antibiotic use among the population of Ho Chi Minh City: A cross-sectional study in 2024
No full textAntibiotics are a great invention, and their birth marks a new era of medical advancement in treating infectious diseases. However, inappropriate use of antibiotics is a threat to global health and development. A descriptive cross-sectional survey using a convenience sampling method was conducted on 589 people in Ho Chi Minh City from April to June 2024. Among 589 people in Ho Chi Minh City with an average age of 34.86 ± 14.74, most participants were female (54.84%), college and above (75.72%), single (64.01%) and used antibiotics in the past year (75.04%). The total average scores of knowledges, attitude and behavior were 66.03 ± 22.28, 69.51 ± 16.81, and 76.42 ± 15.79, respectively. Linear regression results show that occupational, antibiotic use in the past year is related to knowledge (p < 0.05), and antibiotic use in the past year is related to attitude and behavior of antibiotic use (p < 0.05). People in Ho Chi Minh City have average-high levels of knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors regarding antibiotic use. There are differences in knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors between groups of participants with different characteristics
Potential of Macroalgae for Anti Alopecia: A Systematic Review
Get PDFAlopecia or baldness is a disease where the amount of hair that falls out is greater than the hair that grows. The most common alopecias are androgenetic alopecia (AGA) and alopecia areata (AA). Macroalgae contain secondary metabolites that have quite large ecological potential that can be utilized, namely red algae (Rhodophyta), green algae (Chlorophyta), and brown algae (Phaeophyta). Bioactive components one of the benefits of this macroalgae is as anti-alopecia. The purpose of this review article is to discuss a summary of the mechanisms of action of macroalgae with their active compounds for the treatment of alopecia by stimulating hair growth in hair follicles. This review uses the literature study method of several articles from the online databases PubMed, Sciencedirect, Google Scholar in the form of secondary data analysis with the keywords "algae for androgenetic alopecia and algae for alopecia". The results of this review presented 18 articles on different types of algae, which have the potential to become alternative anti- alopecia drugs with different mechanisms of action. From this review of macroalgae, it is hoped that it can be developed into an anti-alopecia herbal medicinal product.
 
Determinant of Smoking Cessation Behavior among Low Dependence Smokers: A Discrete Choice Experiment
Get PDFSmoking is one of the major factors of morbidity and mortality in the world. The main causes of death of smokers are extensive chronic diseases. The proportion of smokers in Indonesia is 28.96%, especially in Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta, the proportion of smokers is 24.54%. This study aims to determine what types of trade-offs in low dependence smokers choose to support smoking cessation and low dependence smokers’ preferences based on socio-demographic characteristics. Smokers in the Yogyakarta city were surveyed to elicit their preferences for, and trade-offs between the attributes of a hypothetical smoking cessation behavior. Preferences for price of cigarette, health impact, warning label, availability of support, and service provided were assessed using the discrete choice experiment method. The degree of dependence on nicotine assessed by using Fagerstrom Test for Nicotine Dependence (FTND) and self–administered questionnaires containing five attributes and levels based on trade-off is delivered. The data analyzed using binary logistic regression test. The results of binary logistic regression analysis showed that most respondents were affected by marital status, recent education, occupation, the place where the respondent was smoked, and the history of quitting smoking in choosing the choice set. Most respondents chose choice set with the price of cigarettes around IDR 25,000-30,000; cancer which is a side effect of smoking that they afraid of, the effect of warning labels and support from neighborhood, and they prefer assistance from health services in the form of drugs to support them to stop smoking. The results of this study is that respondents tend to prefer factors that make them easier and faster in supporting smoking cessation.
 
Bibliometric Analysis of Research on Herbal Medicine for Inflammation From 2004 to 2023
Get PDFThe study aimed to conduct a bibliometric analysis to examine patterns and trends observed in scientific articles on using herbal anti-inflammatory agents. Data were gathered from the Scopus database. In total, 121 articles on herbal anti-inflammatory drugs were examined through bibliometric analysis using the (RStudio®) and VOSviewer application. In the Scopus database, 121 articles on using herbal remedies to treat inflammation were included in this study. Moreover, China has produced the most research articles. The Journal of Ethnopharmacology, Molecules, and Molecules are the three most-read journals. The Journal of Ethnopharmacology demonstrates the highest level of productivity based on its citation count and h-index. Regarding publications on this topic, Li J is regarded as a leading figure. Articles by Li J have received the most citations (143), followed by those published by Li X (134). This study can be used as a reference by researchers when conducting studies on medicinal plants used as anti-inflammatory agents. The findings of this study also make it easier for researchers to locate a substantial global network of academics and promote collaboration in this area
Understanding Job Satisfaction in Community Pharmacy Practice in Low- and Middle-Income Regions: A Narrative Review
No full textA pharmacist, as a key health worker, may exhibit job dissatisfaction, potentially leading to prescription errors, oversight of adverse drug reactions, and poor patient interactions The objective of this narrative review is to provide a picture of how community pharmacists' job satisfaction in low- and middle-income countries and the elements that affect it. We conducted a narrative review and utilized the databases ScienceDirect, Pubmed, and Google Scholar to obtain literature sources. All article that include survey among community pharmacists in developing countries were included. About twenty articles were fulfill the eligibility criteria. Community pharmacists in developing nations report a moderate level of job satisfaction. The most commonly cited primary determinants of satisfaction are external factors, particularly income and additional benefits. Other key elements include relationships with leadership and managers, opportunities for career advancement, public respect, regulatory conditions, recognition, the work environment, and relationships with coworkers. Understanding these factors will aid policymakers in developing strategies to achieve universal health coverage and deliver high-quality health services
Association of Tacrolimus Variability and Adherence in Kidney Transplant Recipients: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
No full textTacrolimus has a narrow therapeutic window and exhibits high intrapatient variability (IPV) in its pharmacokinetics. Kidney transplant recipients with high IPV in tacrolimus exposure are at increased risk of graft rejection and failure. One potential contributor to tacrolimus IPV is drug adherence. However, the relationship between tacrolimus IPV and drug adherence remains unclear. The aim of this study is to determine the association between tacrolimus IPV and adherence among stable kidney transplant recipients by performing systematic review and meta-analysis. PubMed, Embase, Cochrane, OpenGrey, Scopus, Clinicaltrial.gov, Web of Science, CINAHL, and medRxiv were searched from inception through October 23, 2024. The focus was on observational studies and randomized controlled trials comparing tacrolimus IPV in adherence and non-adherence groups. To account for differences between studies, we used a random-effects model to analyze tacrolimus IPV, with standardized mean difference (SMD) and a 95% confidence interval (95%CI). Four studies were included for meta-analysis. All of which are observational studies with a pooled sample size of 790, divided into 655 participants in adherence group and 135 participants in non-adherence group. The pooled estimate found a statistically significant difference of tacrolimus IPV between adherence and non-adherence group (SMD -0.24, 95% CI: -0.44, -0.04; p=0.017; I2=0.0%). Recent observational research indicates a relationship between variability in tacrolimus concentration and adherence among stable kidney transplant recipients. However, due to the quality concerns and their limited number of these studies, it is important to exercise caution in interpreting these results
Safeguarding Lives: Unveiling the Five Critical Moments of Medication Safety in Hypertension Management within Indonesian Primary Healthcare Settings
No full textMedication safety is a critical concern for patients with hypertension because proper medication management is essential for controlling blood pressure and preventing complications. Medication errors that often occur in patients with hypertension are classified as those resulting from patient, dispenser, or prescription errors. Aim: This study aimed to investigate medication safety among hypertensive patients, focusing on their practices in medication safety in primary healthcare settings. This observational cross-sectional study was conducted between February and December 2023 in primary healthcare facilities in Surabaya, Indonesia. The study applied the WHO's "Five Moments for Medication Safety" framework to develop a comprehensive self-administered questionnaire. Participants included hypertensive patients aged > 18 years with a minimum three-months diagnosis. This study revealed intriguing patterns in medication safety practice. Notably, significant differences were observed based on education level (p=0.000), occupation type (p=0.005), and salary (p=0.000) but not sex or comorbidities. A negative correlation between age and medication safety practice (p=0.010; r=-0.228) was found, whereas hypertension duration showed no correlation. Amlodipine (10 mg) emerged as the predominant antihypertensive medication, with diabetes being the most common comorbidity. This study provides novel insights into the socioeconomic determinants of medication safety practices in patients with hypertension. These findings underscore the urgent need for targeted interventions that address these factors to enhance patient outcomes. This study opens new avenues for exploring specific educational and economic strategies to improve medication safety in primary care settings, potentially revolutionizing hypertension management
The Utilization of Non-Essential Medicines in the Treatment of Ischemic Stroke in Indonesian Hospitals
No full textStroke ranks as the second leading cause of mortality and the third leading cause of disability on a global scale. This has a significant impact, especially in developing countries, places a considerable financial burden on healthcare services, including medicine expenses. Prescribing more generic and essential medicines lowers costs, but prescribing many medicines directly increases overall medication expenses. This study aims to identify commonly prescribed non-essential medicines by internists and neurologists for patients with ischemic stroke. The study adopts a cross-sectional approach, utilizing both quantitative and qualitative methodologies. It involves individuals diagnosed with ischemic stroke. Quantitative data collection encompasses patient characteristics, length of hospitalization, prescribing patterns, secondary diagnoses, number and names of consumed medicines, and therapeutic classes. Retrospectively collected data gained from medical records and admission records between January and September 2019, with a maximum sample size of 30 patients. Qualitative data is obtained through in-depth interviews with internal medicine specialists and neurologists to understand their prescribing practices. The five most prescribed non-essential medicines by specialists in internal medicine and neurology are citicoline, mecobalamin, piracetam, herbal mixtures, and insulin analogs. The use of non-essential medicines aims to achieve enhanced therapeutic effects, expedite post-stroke recovery, and address cognitive impairment and speech difficulties