Indonesian Journal of Pharmacy
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Telehealth Intervention for Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Asia: A Systematic Review and Meta Analysis
No full textTelehealth has emerged as a promising approach, utilizing technology to enhance diabetes care by facilitating remote monitoring, education, and consultation. However, there remains a need for comprehensive evidence synthesis, particularly focusing on Asia countries, to evaluate the effectiveness of telemedicine in improving outcomes for T2D patients in diverse healthcare settings. This aim of study is to review and analyse the effect of telehealth on type 2 diabetes (T2D) using a systematic review and meta-analysis. We performed a comprehensive literature search of PubMed, Scopus, ScienceDirect, SpringerLink, and ProQuest databases from their encryption until May 31, 2024. The retrieved literature was screened and assessed independently by two authors. We used the risk of bias assessment tool by The Critical Appraisal Skills Programme (CASP) for Systematic Reviews for assessing literature quality and RevMan 5.3 software to conduct the meta-analysis. Thirteen articles were included in this study. The result of the systematic review indicated. A total of 13 articles were included in this study. Analysis showed a reduction in HbA1c at 3-, 6-, and 12- months. Other subgroup analysis, such as fasting blood glucose at 12 months, systolic blood pressure at 12 months, and diastolic blood pressure at 12 months show significant reduction. Telehealth intervention may improve glycemic control
Evaluation of Adherence to Prescription Guidelines for Secondary Prevention at Discharge Following Ischemic Stroke
Full text linkStroke is a significant public health issue. It represents the second cause of death globally and the third cause of death and disability combined. This study aims to evaluate stroke secondary prevention therapy prescribed at discharge. A retrospective analysis of patients admitted to Al-Yarmouk Teaching Hospital from the 15th of September 2023 to the 15th of January 2024. The prescription of secondary prevention therapy at discharge was evaluated according to American Heart Association/American Stroke Association guidelines which recommends the prescription of antiplatelet therapy and high-intensity statins to all patients and antihypertensive treatment to patients with hypertension. Researchers reviewed 180 medical records, of those 164 were eligible who were aged 33-101 years (mean=65.5), and of those, 97 (55.7%) were male. Overall, 70.1% received appropriate secondary prevention therapy; 92.1% received antiplatelet therapy and statins; 78.0% received antihypertensive treatment. In contrast, 16.8% received high-intensity statins and only 11.1% of patients with atrial fibrillation received anticoagulants. There was no statistically significant difference between receivers and non-receivers of appropriate secondary prevention therapy with the exception of systolic blood pressure on admission (P: 0.038). In addition, the male patients (odd ratio (OR): 0.404; 95% CI 0.164, 0.995) were less likely to receive antihypertensive therapy. Our findings highlight the need for education programs to ensure optimal statin dosing and improve prescribing of antihypertensive medications, and anticoagulants on follow-up to reduce stroke-related morbidity and mortality
Green Synthesis and Characterization of Zinc Nanoparticles using Azadiracta indica Extract
No full textZinc nanoparticles are a nanotechnology utilizing the mineral zinc, which can act as a drug delivery system. Green synthesis of zinc nanoparticles using Azadiracta indica extract and their characterization is presented in this paper. The zinc nanoparticles were prepared by mixing 30 ml zinc nitrate hexahydrate with 5 ml of neem leaf extract. The extract was prepared with 100% aquadest. The characterization of zinc nanoparticles was performed using ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometry (UV-Vis), fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), particle size analyzer (PSA), x-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy-energy dispersive x-ray (SEM-EDX), and transmission electron microscope (TEM). The results showed that the wavelength of zinc nanoparticles was 365 nm. Based on FTIR analysis, the spectrum, showed the presence of functional groups in high intencity. The size of zinc nanoparticles is 368.8 nm with Polydispersity index (PDI) of 0.472. A typical phase plot was good in quality with no interference. The zeta potential value of zinc nanoparticles is -43.6 mV and the standard deviation is 18.8 mV. According to XRD analysis, the zinc nanoparticles have been indexed as the spherical to the hexagonal phase with high crystallinity, which is proved by the image of TEM. EDX profile authenticated the presence of only Zn, C, O and Si with no other elements contamination
Self-efficacy, Self-management and Their Impact on Hypertensive Patients’ Outcomes: A Study from Primary Health Centers in Indonesia
Full text linkSelf-management in hypertensive patient outcomes is considered cost-effective treatment with self-efficacy support. Factors correlated with self-efficacy and self-management are complex interactions of intrinsic and extrinsic factors. This study explored the factors related to self-efficacy and self-management and their impact on blood pressure and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) of hypertensive patients in primary health centers. A cross-sectional study from ten primary health centers from South Sumatera province with 407 participants used a questionnaire and medical records. The data were analyzed descriptively, bivariate (chi-square) and multivariate logistic regression backward method. Factors correlated to self-efficacy include disease knowledge (OR = 5.538, P=0.000), social support (OR=4.330, P=0,000), disease courses (OR=2.807, P=0.000) and unemployed/retired (OR=2.174, P=0.002), while the factor correlated to self-management are disease knowledge (OR=2.223, P=0.002), unemployed/retired (OR=1.712, P=0.037), self-efficacy (OR=1.631, P=0.046), age (OR=1.594, P=0.023), and social support (OR=1.461, P=0.099). Self-management is correlated with blood pressure (OR=5.045, P=0.000) and HRQoL (OR=0.541, P=0.005). Blood pressure is correlated with HRQoL (OR=1.703, R=0.027). Hypertensive patients with higher disease knowledge, higher social support, longer disease courses, and unemployed/retired were significantly more likely to have good self-efficacy. Thus, the higher disease knowledge, unemployed/retired, patients with good self-efficacy, older age, and higher social support are more likely to have better self-management. Disease knowledge is the most correlated variable with self-efficacy and self-management in this study. Self-management has a positive effect on blood pressure and HRQoL. Controlled blood pressure is known to have a positive HRQoL. This study provides an overview for the government and health care professionals in recognizing strong predictors and implementing effective strategies in self-management interventions in hypertensive patients
Exploring the Mood-Boosting Potential of Bananas: A Comprehensive Review
Full text linkFood, like bananas, can be used as a depression therapy. Bananas are known for their high tryptophan content. Tryptophan is the precursor of the neurotransmitter serotonin which is closely related to the pathophysiology of anxiety and depression. The purpose of this comprehensive review is to examine the available research on the link between banana consumption and mood. Screening of original articles or reviews on the Google Scholar database, Science Direct, MedLine (PubMed), Scielo, and Proquest with the keywords "banana", "Musa", "depression", and "anxiety" published no later than March 31, 2023. After selecting from 8,469 articles, 18 studies were selected. From the experimental trial articles obtained (9 studies), most reported positive antidepressant and antianxiety effects, but not all of them were significant. The results of the three clinical trials were also inconsistent. Bananas have antianxiety and antidepressant properties, but the scientific literature on their efficacy is limited. Therefore, more evidence is needed to justify its use as a primary or adjunctive treatment for depression and anxiety
Isolation and Evaluation Bioactivities of Secondary Metabolites from Leaf Extracts of (Rhodomyrtus Tomentosa (Aiton) Hassk.)
No full textCancer is a condition of abnormal cell development with one of the p53 gene mutation pathways that can molecularly and biologically lead to the formation of cancer cells, and abnormalities in the p53 gene occur in 60% of cancer cases. Under normal conditions, p53 has an important role in cell division. One of the plants that can be developed as an anticancer agent is leaves R. tomentosa Which has chemical compounds such as phenolic compounds, flavonoids, tannins, saponins, and terpenoids. This study aims to isolate, identify, and determine the bioactivity of secondary metabolite compounds in extracts, fractions, and methanol isolates of R. tomentosa leaves against cancer cells. The samples used were from Sulu Sopai Village, Tana Toraja, South Sulawesi Province. Fine powdered leaves of R. tomentosa leaves were macerated with 70% ethanol solvent. The ethanol extract obtained was partitioned with n-hexane, ethyl acetate, and ethanol-water n-hexane and then fractionated by the isolation of compounds carried out by chromatographic techniques, including KLT, The spectra of the isolated compounds were determined using FT-IR, and then the extracts, fractions, and isolates were tested for cytotoxic properties and selectivity against MCF-7, T47D, WiDr, HeLa, and normal cells (Vero Cell). by using the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl-2H-tetrazolim bromide (MTT) method. The results showed that the extracts and fractions contained flavonoids, tannins, saponins, alkaloids, steroid compounds, and isolates from R. tomentosa leaves. Identification with the KLT Three Eluent System showed a single yellow stain on the KLT plate, which is a typical color of flavanoid compounds, with Rfs of 0.35, 0.67, and 0.72. The AlCl3 reagent test also showed that the isolate obtained was a flavanoid compound group. As well as FTIR spectrum data showing the presence of C-O, C=O, and O-H primary groups, the isolate obtained is a flavanoid compound group with a melting point of 288–290 °C. The bioactivity test results of extracts, fractions, and isolates of R. tomentosa leaves show that the results obtained in ethanol-water extracts have activity as anticancer in inhibiting cancer cell proliferation with IC50 values obtained in MCF-7 cells of 9.66 µg/mL (strong), T47D 59.47 µg/mL (medium), WiDr 39.21 µg/mL (strong), HeLa 199.6 µg/mL (medium), and on normal cells (Vero Cell) has a weak toxic effect with an IC50 value of 1292.50 µg/mL. And doxorubicin, 3.2753 µg/mL. Based on the results obtained from this study, it can be concluded that the ethanol-water fraction of R. tomentosa leaves has anticancer activity on MCF-7, T47D, WiDr, and HeLa cancer cells. and has a weak toxic effect on normal cells (vero cells) compared to ethanol extract, ethyl acetate fraction, n-hexane fraction, and isolates. The ethanol extract and ethanol-water fraction of R. tomentosa leaves are active and have active selectivity
Safety and efficacy of Tithonia diversifolia (Hemsley) A. Gray extract gel on keloid patient
Full text linkKeloid is a benign form of dermis tumor formed due to imbalance of collagen deposition and degradation during wound healing. Preclinical studies showed Tithonia diversifolia (Hemsley) A. Gray (T. diversifolia) potency as keloid treatment by inhibiting keloid fibroblast proliferation, collagen deposition, TGFβ1 and VEGF expression. This study aims to examine the safety and efficacy of T. diversifolia extract gel for keloid treatment in keloid patient. Fourteen keloid patients were included in the study with ratio 1:1. The participants received either T. diversifolia extract gel 2% or triamcinolone acetate cream 0.025% for 12 weeks. Evaluation of efficacy was done every 4 weeks until week 12 using Vancouver Scar Score, the patient and observer Scar assessment. Vancouver scar total score was improved in week 12 from baseline in both groups. Improvement from baseline after 12 weeks of treatment also found in patient and observer scar assessment total scale. Those scores on week 12 were similar between those on T. diversifolia extract gel 2% and triamcinolone acetate cream 0.025% treatment. Conclusions: T. diversifolia extract gel 2% is efficacious and safe for keloid treatment
Physicochemical Evaluation and Anti-Aging Activity of The Cream Formulation Containing Aloe Vera and Rosella Extracts
Full text linkAnti-aging cream is a cosmetic product that prevents premature aging. Aloe vera and rosella have been reported to exhibit various pharmacological activities, including anti-aging. Meanwhile, the use of a combination of these two natural products has not been widely reported. This research aims to determine the potential antioxidant and anti-collagenase activities of the combination of aloe vera and rosella in cream products. This study analyzed the quality of cream according to physical parameters, cream chemical content, antioxidant activity, anti-collagenase, and sunscreen protection factor (SPF) test of cream products. The cream formulas had white to pink colors, were semi-solid, homogeneous, and had an O/W emulsion type. Total polysaccharide content in the cream ranged from 0.73% - 0.83%, o-acetyl polysaccharide content ranged from 1.36%-3.53%, flavonoid content ranged from 2.95×10-6-6.50×10-6 g QE/g, anthocyanin content ranged from 4.57-35.94 mg/kg, phenolic content ranged from 5.06×10-6-9.42×10-6 g GAE/g. The radical scavenging, anti-collagenase activities, and SPF value of cream formulas ranged from 22.14%-50.36%, 6.85%-54.66%, and 8.21±0.01-8.73±0.02, respectively. According to all test results, the recommended cream product is C formula (1:1). Cream containing aloe vera gel and rosella flower extracts are potentially to be developed as anti-aging cream product. 
Effectiveness Of Black Soldier Fly Larvae Oil Ointment On The Healing Process Of Incision Wounds In Mice
No full textBlack soldier fly (BSF) larvae contain proteins and fatty acids that have significant potential in enhancing the wound healing process. However, the application of BSF larvae oil in the form of a wound ointment has not been extensively explored. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the effect of BSF larvae oil ointment application on the wound healing process (wound morphology, skin histology, and modulation of leukocyte components) in an incision wound model. This experimental study used a completely randomized design with Balb/c mice as test subjects. The test subjects were divided into six different groups: no treatment (NT), gentamicin ointment (GTC), ointment base (OB), and BSF larvae oil ointment 5% (BSFO 5%), BSF larvae oil ointment 10% (BSFO 10%), and BSF larvae oil ointment 15% (BSFO 15%). The ointment was applied twice a day at 0.15 g per application, and wound healing parameters were observed over 14 days. The results showed that BSFO 5% significantly improved wound morphology, reduced wound length, and enhanced histological components of the wound compared to the control and all other treatments. Additionally, BSFO 5% was able to normalize leukocyte levels after 14 days. Furthermore, BSFO 15% was proven effective in modulating lymphocyte levels compared to other groups. These findings emphasize the potential use of BSF larvae oil ointment in enhancing wound healing and regulating immune responses by increasing lymphocyte levels, and open new opportunities for future technology development in wound therapy and care
Effect of Methyl Jasmonic Acid and Tryptophan on Increasing Vincristine Content of Leaf Cell Suspension Culture Catharanthus roseus (L.) G. Don.
No full textCatharanthus roseus (L.) G. Don known as tapak dara is a medicinal plant that produces alkaloid compounds such as vincristine as an anticancer which has very high economic value and is produced in very small concentrations. This study aims to increase the levels of vincristine in cell suspension cultures of tapak dara leaves by administering methyl jasmonic acid and tryptophan with various concentrations. Tapak dara leaf explants were grown on solid Murashige-Skoog (MS) media supplemented with the addition of 2.4 D 1 mg/L growth regulator and 4 mg/L kinetin. The callus was subcultured and then suspension culture was carried out on liquid MS medium by administering methyl jasmonic acid and tryptophan with various concentrations. Callus growth was carried out by weighing the fresh weight and dry weight of the callus. The vincristine content and assay were analyzed using High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC). Callus growth in cell suspension cultures with X50Y300 treatment resulted in the highest fresh weight of 1.094 g, while the highest dry weight was found in treatment X75Y200 of 0.166 g. The results of the HPLC analysis showed that the administration of methyl jasmonic acid and tryptophan with various concentrations on tapak dara leaf cell suspension cultures were able to produce vincristine compounds. In treatment, X50Y100, X75Y100, X100Y100, X50Y200, X75Y200, and X75Y300 were able to increase vincristine levels, but the X100Y200, X50Y300, and X100Y300 treatments decreased vincristine levels. The highest levels of vincristine were found in treatment X50Y200 (50 mg/L tryptophan and 200 μM methyl jasmonic acid ) which was 49.311 ppm .