Indonesian Journal of Pharmacy
Not a member yet
378 research outputs found
Sort by
Pentagamavunone-1 suppresses MYCN-positive HuH-7 Cancer Cell Growth via Mitotic Arrest in vitro
Get PDFHigh expression of MYCN is usually found in progressive liver cancer. The present study investigated the potential effects of Pentagamavunone-1 (PGV-1) against the MYCN-positive human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cell line in vitro based on the cellular physiology. The MYCN-positive cell line, HuH-7, was employed as a cell model in this study. The cytotoxic effect of PGV-1 was observed using the trypan blue exclusion method while its alterations to the cell cycle and level of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) were determined through flow cytometry. Further, the cellular morphology of the cells was presented with Hoechst and X-gal staining whilst the expression of MYCN was detected by Western blot. The results demonstrated that PGV-1 was cytotoxic to HuH-7 cells with GI50 of 0.36 μM, much lower than sorafenib and peretinoin which had GI50 of 2.07 and 45.6 μM, respectively. PGV-1 inhibited the growth of HuH-7 cells in a dose-dependent manner, even after removal of the drug. Flow cytometry analysis confirmed that the cycle of HuH-7 cells appeared to arrest in the G2/M phase and intracellular ROS levels were increased. Moreover, the Hoechst staining showed chromosomal condensation in the mitotic phase, particularly in prometaphase. The X-gal staining confirmed that the PGV-1-treated cells undergo senescence. PGV-1 also decreased MYCN expression in HuH-7 cells. All these findings imply that PGV-1 is a potential agent to inhibit MYCN-positive liver cancer cells via mitotic arrest
Identification of Antioxidant Compounds from Gynura procumbens Using LC-MS/MS-Based Metabolomics
Get PDFGynura procumbens or commonly known as sambung nyawa is one of Indonesian medicinal plants. This plant has antioxidant activity, but no reported studies have been performed to identify antioxidant compounds from G. procumbens leaves using a metabolomics approach. In this study, we aimed to identify antioxidant compounds from G. procumbens by LC-MS/MS-based metabolomics. G. procumbens was extracted by maceration using ethanol p.a, 70%-, 50%-, 30% ethanol, and water as the extracting solvent. Metabolite profiling using LC-MS/MS could putatively identify about 54 metabolites from all extracts. We found that flavonols are the most abundant group in all ethanol extracts. Antioxidant activity was determined using the DPPH method. The antioxidant activity of all extracts yielded IC50 values ranging 90.39 to 140.75 mg/L, indicating strong to medium activity. Antioxidant compound prediction was done by correlating metabolites profile and antioxidant activity using orthogonal partial least square-discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA). From the OPLS-DA, five compounds are predicted as antioxidant compounds, namely kaempferol 3-O-rutinoside, 4-hydroxybenzaldehyde, 4,5-dicaffeoylquinic acid, 3-dicaffeoylquinic acid, and 1 unknown compound. The five metabolites had a p-value (<0.05), fold change (>1.5), and variable importance in the projection (VIP) (>1.46), which indicated that these metabolites had a significant contribution to the antioxidant activity from G. procumbens leaves
Efficacy of Single Love Garlic Extract on Self Nanoemulsifying Drug Delivery System (SCGE-SNEDDS) on Cytokine Expression In Vitro
Get PDFSingle clove Garlic Extract (SCGE) is a potential agent for anti-inflammation, several bioactive are lipophilic, volatile. A novel drug delivery system is required to preserve the bioactive and enhance the solubility. Self Nanoemulsfying Drug Delivery System (SNEDDS) can load extract that formed from carrier oil (VCO), surfactant (Tween-80), and co-surfactant (Glycerol), SCGE-SNEDDS prepared by mixing the surfactant and co-surfactant and adding the carrier oil with SCGE (20 mg/ml). The characteristics response emulsification time in 73.82 ± 0.91 second, % transmittance value of 78.86 ± 0.23%, and pH of 6.83 ± 0.72. The average particle size was 0.46 ± 0.01, Z-Average 23.10 ± 0.69, and zeta potential -33.07 ± 0.45 mV. The toxicity assay was determined in the 3T3-L1 cell line using MTT. The dose SCGE-SNEDDS in rank 62.5, 125, 250, 500, 1000, 2000 and 4000 µg/mL. SCGE-SNEDDS have a good response, characteristics, proved to be non-cytotoxic, and high cell viability (83.3 %). SCGE-SNEDDS had potential effect on the expression of TNF-α, not potential decreases IL-1β and increases IL-10 cytokines in 3T3-L1 cells
The Protective Effect of Artocarpus altilis Leaf Extract on Rat Models of Diethylene Glycol-Induced Hepatotoxicity
Get PDFDiethylene glycol (DEG) is an alcohol derivative, which is metabolized into toxic products and is one of the main causes of liver disease. This paper aims to determine the hepatoprotective effect of AA by analyzing the levels of MDA, AST, ALT, and liver hypertrophy in the DEG-induced rat model. Twenty-five male rats were divided into 5 groups: normal, DEG (0.75% v/v), AA1 (DEG + AA 100 mg/kg BW), AA2 (DEG + AA 200 mg/kg BW), and AA3 (DEG + AA 400 mg/kg BW). Rats were given DEG for 28 days ad libitum, and AA was administered from days 14 to 28 orally. Twenty-eight days later, serum levels of MDA, ALT, AST, and liver hypertrophy were determined. DEG induction increased body weight and liver hypertrophy, levels of MDA, ALT, and AST, and decreased the AST/ALT ratio, whereas treatment with AA was shown to reverse to normal conditions which were observed for 28 days depending on the dose of AA (p < 0.05). We conclude that treatment with AA is an effective therapeutic option as a hepatoprotector in a rat model induced by DEG in a dose-dependent manner. Future challenges need to be developed as prospective complementary drugs or phytopharmaceuticals
The Phytochemistry profile of Piper betle extract and its Activity Against Hepatitis C Virus
Get PDFHepatitis C virus (HCV) is an RNA virus that is easy to mutate and high risk of resistance. The vaccine for HCV has not been provided yet, and the current treatment is very expensive. To provide alternative and complementary antiviral from plants, this study evaluated the activities of Piper betle (P. betle) against HCV and its combination with existing antiviral drugs, Ribavirin and Simeprevir. The antiviral inhibition was identified by in vitro culture using Huh7it-1 cells and JFH1a HCV. Moreover, the phytochemistry profile was also determined by Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC) and High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC). The result showed that the ethanol extract of P. betle was possess strong activity with an IC50 value of 0.08 ± 0.028 µg/mL. The mechanism of action revealed the extract dominantly inhibit in the post-entry steps. Furthermore, the combination of P. betle extract with simeprevir increased its anti-HCV activity, however, no effect was observed in the combination with ribavirin. The Western blotting analysis was shown inhibition of NS3 protein levels in a dose-dependent manner. Phytochemistry evaluation was shown for the extract containing flavonoids, polyphenols, and alkaloids. These results suggested that the ethanolic extract of P. betle could be a good candidate for the development or an alternative to anti-HCV drugs.
Keywords: Hepatitis C Virus, Piper betle, Medicinal plants, Simeprevir, Ribavirin, Medicine
Development and Characterization of Pectin-Based Colon Targeted Pellets Containing Lactobacillus Plantarum FNCC-0461
Get PDFLactobacillus plantarum FNCC-0461 is a lactic acid bacteria isolated from "dadih" a traditional Indonesian food that has potential as a probiotic. Probiotics can show health benefits if they can maintain cell viability of at least 7 log CFU in the distal ileum and colon. However, most probiotics are not resistant to the extreme conditions of the gastrointestinal tract. Probiotic encapsulation in the form of pectin-based colon targeted pellets is a promising delivery system to overcome probiotic viability problems due to the gastrointestinal tract extreme conditions and can assist release to specific target site in colon. Pellets was produced by extrusion-spheronization method using microcrystalline cellulose (MCC), lactose and pectin. Optimization of spheronization process was carried out by varying the spheronization speed and time while the optimization of pellets formula was carried out by varying the concentration of total pectin and the type of coating polymer (cellulose acetate phthalate (CAP) or shellac). The morphology, particle size, moisture content, micromeritic properties, process yield and viability of pellets were evaluated. Release of probiotics on coated and uncoated pellets were examined at pH 1.2, 6.8 and 7.4 under simulated colon fluid for 24 hours. The formula containing MCC, lactose and pectin (5:4:1) with spheronization speed at 1500 rpm for 15 minutes showed the best pellets characteristic and cell viability. The pellets obtained were spherical, with particle size distribution of 913.57±8.28 μm, process yield of 88.71±1.04 % and viability of 7.50 x 107 cfu/g. Pellets coated with CAP showed the highest cell release in simulated colon fluid of 1.38 x 107 CFU/g at 24 hours. This research proved that CAP coated pellet formulation has promising potential for colon targeted delivery of L. plantarum as well as to protect the viability of probiotics for colon-targeted delivery
Combining Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy with Chemometrics for Gelatin Content Analysis in Imported Soft Candy Products
Get PDFData from the Central Bureau of Statistics shows that processed food and beverage imports have increased and are the most imported products in Indonesia. Soft candy is a processed product that contains gelatin and can be sourced from pork or beef. The analytical technique used to analyze food ingredients, one of which is FTIR. This study will determine whether FTIR can investigate bovine and porcine gelatin in soft candy products combined with chemometrics. This type of research is non-experimental. The method used is FTIR analysis combined with PLS and PCA. Candies were isolated using the protein precipitation method. The isolation results were analyzed for their functional groups using FTIR. PLS is used to optimize the selected range of wavenumbers as a chemometric model, a quantitative analysis to find calibration values and internal and external validation. PCA functions to classify market candy according to its source. The results showed that FTIR detected the functional groups -OH, aliphatic CH, C=O, -NH, -CN. The optimized wave number using PLS is 1600 – 1621.92 cm-1. The calibration parameter using RMSEC produces a value of 0.188 and an R2 value of 0.999. Internal validation obtained an RMSECV value of 2.891 and an R2 value of 0.990. In contrast, external validation produces an RMSEP value of 1.652 and an R2 value of 0.998. The PCA grouping shows that codes Hrb and Y are close to bovine gelatin source points, while code C is not close to beef or porcine. So FTIR cannot distinguish the source of bovine or porcine gelatin from candy, but PLS and PCA help is needed
Effects of Quercetin Fraction from Moringa oleifera Leaf Extract on Oxidative Markers and Histological Profile of Carotid and Coronary Arteries: An Experimental Animal Study
Get PDFObjectives: Stroke and coronary disease are mainly caused by atherosclerosis. Quercetin in Moringa oleifera leaf extract may protect against oxidative stress. This study aimed to determine the role of quercetin in improving dyslipidemia and inhibiting atherosclerosis onset using laboratory and histological examinations. Methods: This experimental laboratory study used a double-blind randomized sampling technique and a pre- and post-test control group design. Experimental animals were divided into the control and treatment groups that received quercetin at a dose of 25 mg/kg body weight and a high-fat diet for 10 weeks from January to March 2023. Results: The Friedman's test of the effect of quercetin administration on malondialdehyde (MDA), intercellular adhesion molecule (ICAM), C-reactive proteins (CRP), and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) levels revealed significant differences between the pre- and post-test. The Wilcoxon signed-rank test for the effect of quercetin administration on MDA levels revealed a significant difference in MDA levels after quercetin administration. Paired sample statistics revealed an average decrease in ICAM and CRP levels and an increase in LDL levels after quercetin administration. Cramer's V value demonstrated a strong relationship between quercetin administration and the intensity of the carotid and coronary arteries. A one-way analysis of variance indicated significant differences in the average sizes of the coronary and carotid arteries after quercetin administration. Conclusion: The quercetin fraction of M. oleifera leaves has a satisfactory therapeutic effect in an atherosclerotic rat model
The Effect of Covid-19 Pandemic on Treatment Management, and Clinical Outcome of Patients with Acute Coronary Syndromes (ACS): A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Get PDFThis systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to summarize the available evidence on the impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on treatment management, and clinical outcomes among patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS). PubMed and ScienceDirect were searched from January 2020 to September 2021 to identify relevant studies. For dichotomous variables, meta-analysis was performed using the random-effects model. For continuous variables, descriptive synthesis was conducted. Sixty-three articles were included in the review. The time from symptom onset to First Medical Contact (FMC) was significantly longer during the COVID-19 pandemic in 50% of the studies (17/34). One-third of the studies (9/26) observed significantly longer door-to-balloon (DTB) times during the pandemic. Approximately 73 % of studies (11/15) indicated a significantly longer total ischemic time during the pandemic era. The pooled results did not show a significant difference in in-hospital mortality during the COVID-19 pandemic among patients with ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) (RD = -0.01, 95% CI -0.02, 0.00) and non-ST-elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI) (RD = -0.01, 95% CI -0.01, 0.00). No significant difference in the proportion of patients who underwent Percutaneous Coronary Intervention (PCI) was found across the pandemic period. The COVID-19 pandemic seemed to prolong the time to receive treatment in most settings. Education campaigns and well-planned ACS pathways to ensure timely treatment for patients with ACS during the pandemic/crisis are warranted
Potential Role of Centella asiatica and Sauropus androgynus in High-Fat and High-Fructose Diet-Induced-Obesity Animal Model
Get PDFObesity is a condition characterized by excessive fat accumulation, which leads to metabolic syndrome diseases such as hyperglycemia, hyperlipidemia, hyperuricemia, and hypertension. Efforts to reduce obesity can minimize the risk of the disease. This study aims to determine the antiobesity activity of a combination of Sauropus androgynus L. Merr (SA) and Centella asiatica L.Urban (CA) in a Swiss Webster obese mouse model. A total of 36 mice were randomly grouped into six groups, including the control group (receiving drug carriers), positive (receiving drug carriers), and standard (receiving orlistat 15.6 mg/kg BW). Three groups receiving a combination of SA & CA with a dosage ratio SA: CA includes 25:25 mg/kg BW, 25:50 mg/kg BW, 50:25 mg/kg. All groups (except the normal group) induced obesity with a high-fat and high-fructose (HFHF) diet for 28 days. The drug is given orally for 28 days. Body weight, feed index, feces index, organ index, fat index, serum triglyceride levels (TG), and percent inhibition of lipid peroxidation using malondialdehyde (MDA) absorbance were all measured. The results showed that there were significant differences in parameters of body weight, feed index, feces index, organ index, fat index, serum triglyceride (TG) level, lipid-peroxidation inhibition, and histology of adipocytes between groups of animals receiving a combination extracts compared to the positive control group (p<0.05). The study results concluded that the combination of SA and CA had antiobesity activity