Leiden University Scholary Publications
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Molecular diagnostics of dense regions in nearby galaxies
Get PDFThis research delves into a region of space known as the interstellar medium (ISM), which is essentially the area between the stars filled with gas and dust. This region is crucial because it's where stars are born and later, where they release materials back into space after their life cycle ends.The study focuses on understanding how different gases behave in the ISM and how they can tell us about the activities happening in a galaxy, like star formation or the influence of black holes. By examining specific molecules like HCN and HCO+, we can detect where black holes are affecting the ISM. Also, by studying variations in these molecules, we gain insights into the ongoing chemical changes and processes that drive the evolution of galaxies.Using advanced tools and techniques, this thesis provides a detailed look at these molecular interactions, helping to distinguish between areas in space influenced by different cosmic activities. This approach offers a new way of observing and understanding the intricate dynamics of galaxies.High Energy Astrophysic
Oeroude kleefstof
Get PDFOver de vondst van Neanderthalerlijm op een stuk vuursteen van de Zandmotor bij Den Haag.Human Origin
Socio-economic integration and social citizenship of migrants: empirical analyses
Get PDFIn the context of rising international migration, high-income countries face new challenges and opportunities. As immigration influences host economies and sparks political debates, understanding the drivers of successful migrant integration is critical for maintaining social stability and fostering economic growth. Central to these discussions is the concept of social citizenship, which extends beyond legal status to encompass migrants’ ability to fully participate in the economic and civil life of the host country. Achieving social citizenship requires successful economic integration, addressing key questions such as how migrants perform in host labour markets, how their fiscal contributions compare to those of natives, and the broader effects their presence has on the host economy and social fabric. This dissertation comprises four empirical studies on these issues, focusing on migrants’ employment outcomes, net fiscal positions, and the economic impact of international students. The research provides in-depth insights into the factors affecting migrant integration and offers evidence-based policy recommendations to maximise the benefits of immigration while mitigating its costs. The findings aim to serve as a valuable foundation for adopting more effective approaches to the attraction, integration, and retention of migrants, for the benefit of all members of society.Hervorming Sociale Regelgevin
‘Tell them if they race-mix, they will rot in hell’: Right-wing extremists’ narratives on children’s ideological socialization
Get PDFA recent rise in right-wing extremist movements and activities hassparked international concerns over children raised in right-wingextremist households. The general consensus appears to be thatthese children are at risk of radicalization themselves, and couldend up following in their parents’ footsteps. To understand howchildren’s ideological socialization is perceived within the milieuitself, a narrative analysis of white nationalist parents’ discussionson the online forum Stormfront was conducted. Five distinctnarratives on children’s ideological socialization were identified.These narratives differ in terms of their underlying rationale and theaction perspective that they imply. Findings suggest that in raisingtheir children, right-wing extremist parents find themselvesgrappling with two conflicting ‘meta-narratives’ [see Walton,M. S. (2020). Defending white America: The apocalyptic meta-narrative of white nationalist rhetoric. Brigham Young University]underlying their ideology. One that departs from children’sautonomy and self-determination (vis-à-vis mainstream society),and one that stresses the importance of authoritarianism andobedience (vis-à-vis the family ideology). This is reflected inStormfront users’ inconsistent and at times contradictory narrativeson parenting.Security and Global Affair
Netwerksubsidies: een onderzoek naar de wijze waarop samenwerking in subsidierelaties binnen het bestuursrecht kan worden vormgegeven
Get PDFNetwerksubsidies worden in toenemende mate in de praktijk op diverse beleidsterreinen ingezet. Deze subsidievorm - waarbij meerdere partijen zijn betrokken bij de financiering/uitvoering van een gesubsidieerd project - kent allerlei voordelen, zoals het delen van kennis en kunde. Maar hoe verhoudt deze ontwikkeling in de praktijk zich tot het huidige subsidierecht met een tweepartijenrelatie als vertrekpunt in subsidietitel 4.2 van de Algemene wet bestuursrecht? In dit onderzoek is een antwoord gezocht op de vraag in hoeverre het huidige subsidierecht de netwerksubsidie voldoende kan faciliteren en welke nieuwe regelgeving er nodig is om de gesignaleerde knelpunten op te lossen. Aan de hand van verschillende praktijkvoorbeelden van netwerksubsidies, zijn kansen en knelpunten onderzocht en aanbevelingen geformuleerd om de netwerksubsidie een permanente plaats te kunnen geven in het huidige subsidierecht. // Network grants are increasingly used in practice in various policy areas. This form of subsidy - in which several parties are involved in the financing/implementation of a subsidised project - has many advantages, such as the sharing of knowledge and expertise. But how does this development in practice relate to current subsidy law with a two-party relationship as the starting point in subsidy title 4.2 of the General Administrative Law Act? This study sought to answer the question to what extent current subsidy law can sufficiently facilitate network subsidy and what new regulations are needed to solve the identified bottlenecks. Using various practical examples of network grants, opportunities and bottlenecks were examined and recommendations were formulated to be able to give the network grant a permanent place in current subsidy law. Provincie Zuid-Holland heeft medegefinancierd voor dit onderzoekThe Legitimacy and Effectiveness of Law & Governance in a World of Multilevel Jurisdiction
Primary complications after cardiac surgery: towards better understanding, prediction, and prevention
Get PDFBinnen de hartchirurgische patiënten groep werd enerzijds onderzoek gedaan naar etiologische en voorspellende factoren van het ontwikkelen van een postoperatieve longreactie (ARDS). Anderzijds werd gekeken of corticosteroïden een effectieve behandeling was.De bevindingen laten zich als volgt samenvatten:1. Hoewel een operatie in het griepseizoen een hogere risico geeft op het ontwikkelen van een ARDS, konden respiratoire virussen niet als etiologische factor worden aangewezen2. Vroege stijging van slijm-eiwitten (mucines 5AC) in het luchtwegmateriaal van hartchirurgische patiënten was geassocieerd met de ontwikkeling van een longreactie na de operatie.3. Perioperatieve stijging van ProADM was geassocieerd met het ontwikkelen van een longreactie en het was nuttig deze waarden te gebruiken toegevoegd aan bestaande scoresystemen4. Preoperatief al meetbare toegenomen activatiepatroon van leukocyten, trombocyten en hun complexvorming was voorspellend voor het ontwikkelen van een longreactie na hartchirurgie5. Hoewel corticosteroïden nuttig en effectief waren in de Covid populatie, kon hun effect voor de gehele hartchirurgische populatie niet worden vastgesteld in meta-analyses.Verder onderzoek zou gericht moeten zijn om toevoegen van de inflammatoire component in scoresystemen. Peroperatieve testmethodes voor “hoog-inflammatoire” patiënten en behandeling met onstekingsremmers in een specifiek geselecteerde subpopulatie van hartchirurgische patiënten. NVIC research grant; Sanquin Research grantLUMC / Geneeskund
The expression of information structure in Kîîtharaka
Get PDFKîîtharaka employs a variety of linguistic strategies to structure information. Thepreverbal domain is preferred for topicalised constituents while non-topical onestend to be post-verbal. Various pragmatically sanctioned interpretations such as polarityfocus, depreciative, contrastive and intensive readings are expressed throughtopic marking and predicate topic doubling. Focus can be expressed using the basiccleft (exhaustive focus), the pseudocleft and two constructions that at first looklike reverse pseudoclefts. The expression of the object is regulated by accessibility,humanness, predicate type, and salience. Finally, the presence or absence of nicorrelateswith predicate-centred focus or focus on the postverbal constituent.NWO276-78-001Descriptive and Comparative Linguistic
From niches to the mainstream: a computational review and research agenda for policy innovation
Get PDFInnovation in public policy is a rapidly expanding field, highlighting its critical role in addressing complex societal challenges. This bibliometric review (n = 17,264) synthesizes over 50 years of scholarship, systematically identifying key gaps, including conceptual fragmentation, limited theoretical engagement, methodological conservatism, and geographic and sectoral imbalance, and underutilization of the comparative perspective. These challenges constrain the field’s ability to address pressing global issues such as climate change adaptation, digital transformation, economic inequality, and the energy transition. This study proposes a comprehensive research agenda to bridge these gaps and move the field from niches toward more inclusive, integrative, and rigorous mainstream scholarship.The politics and administration of institutional chang
In vitro recapitulation of female germ cell development: from specification to meiosis initiation
Get PDFGerm cells are responsible for transmitting genetic information across generations, therefore their development is a highly complex and tightly regulated process. In humans, female germ cell development occurs primarily during the first and second trimesters of embryonic development. The earliest precursor, primordial germ cells (PGCs), is specified around the second week of development, after which these cells undergo multiple stages of maturation. Eventually, they differentiate into oocytes and remain dormant within primordial follicles. These follicles constitute the ovarian reserve, and since no new oocytes are produced after birth, there are currently no treatments for infertility resulting from oocyte defects. Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs), which can give rise to all cell types of the body, can be generated from tissue samples such as blood, urine, and skin biopsies. In vitro gametogenesis aims to generate functional gametes from iPSCs, representing a promising therapeutic approach for individuals with germ cell deficiencies. Research has successfully directed iPSCs toward primordial germ cell-like cells (PGCLCs), mimicking the earliest stages of human germ cell development. However, further differentiation into functional oocytes remains a major challenge. This thesis identifies the essential role of extracellular matrix (ECM) components in supporting PGCLC differentiation and maintenance in 2D culture. Additionally, by introducing iPSC-derived germ cell precursors into a reconstructed fetal ovarian somatic niche, this work demonstrates the in vitro maturation of iPSC-derived germ cells and highlights the critical importance of maintaining germ cell fate for successful in vitro gametogenesis.Dutch Research Council (VICI-2018-91819642),
European Research Council (ERC-CoG-2016-725722 OVOGROWTH),
Nederlandse organisatie voor gezondheidsonderzoek en zorginnovatie (ZonMw) (PSIDER-10250022120001),
Novo Nordisk Foundation grant (reNEW NNF21CC0073729)LUMC / Geneeskund