Leiden University Scholary Publications
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De pendule van de buitengerechtelijke en verkorte afdoening in strafzaken: van consensualiteit naar eenzijdige schuldvaststelling en terug
Full text linkCriminal Justice: Maatschappelijk effectieve strafrechtspleging 2023-202
First search for ultralight dark matter using a magnetically levitated particle
No full textQuantum Matter and Optic
Invariance properties of the solution operator for measure-valued semilinear transport equations
No full textWe provide conditions under which we prove for measure-valued transport equationswith non-linear reaction term in the space of finite signed Radon measures, that positivityis preserved, as well as absolute continuity with respect to Lebesgue measure, ifthe initial condition has that property.Moreover, if the initial condition has Lp regulardensity, then the solution has the same property.Analysis and Stochastic
Anxiety, worry, and difficulty concentrating: a longitudinal examination of concurrent and prospective symptom relationships
No full textDifficulty concentrating is an understudied cognitive phenomenon, despite its status as a diagnostic criterion for generalized anxiety disorder and contributor to clinically significant distress and impairment. Worry may constitute a cognitive mechanism by which anxiety leads to difficulty concentrating. The present study examined concurrent and prospective associations between self-reported anxiety, worry, and subjective difficulty concentrating across three timepoints (T1 April/May, T2 July/August, T3 October/ November 2020) in 198 adults (M age = 37.94, SD = 13.42; 81% women, 2% gender minority) drawn from a larger study of trajectories of psychopathology during the COVID-19 pandemic. In multilevel models, anxiety was associated with worry both between (/J = 0.65, SE = 0.13) and within participants (/J = 0.12, SE = 0.11). Difficulty concentrating was also associated with worry between (/J = 0.38, SE = 0.03) and within participants (b = 0.09, SE = 0.02). In a structural equation model worry partially mediated the longitudinal associatio between anxiety and difficulty concentrating, though thi effect was nonsignificant after controlling for difficulty concentrating at T2 and worry, depression, sleep distur bance, and difficulty concentrating at T1. The unadjuste mediation and these other findings are in line with theoret ical accounts of worry as a cognitive mechanism linking anxiety to subjective attentional problems.Health and Well-bein
Long-range order in two-dimensional systems with fluctuating active stresses
No full textTheoretical Physic
Reevaluating the brain disease model of addiction
No full textThe brain disease model of addiction has dominated public and scientific discourse on addiction (termed substance use disorder [SUD] in the DSM-5) over the past 3 decades. The model framed addiction as a chronic and relapsing brain disease caused by structural and functional brain alterations. The purpose of this model was purportedly dual, as both an aetiological theory and a tool to reduce stigma. Weak empirical support and concerns about the model downplaying fundamental psychosocial causes of SUDs have led to stark disagreement as to whether addiction should be conceptualised as a brain disease. In this Personal View, we argue that the absence of an agreed, clear, and consistent definition of a brain disease-coupled with frequent recourse to concepts with divergent or shifting meaning-have obstructed productive debate and a coherent advance in knowledge and understanding of addiction. Borrowing from the philosophy of psychiatry, we show that both narrow and broad views of brain disease coexist and inform addiction research, though often implicitly and inconsistently. The narrow view of brain disease posits that a mental condition qualifies as a brain disease only if it manifests similarly to a paradigmatic brain disease, resulting from either known or unknown structural and functional damage. The broad view of brain disease suggests that brain disease status should be granted automatically to mental disorders, as all mental activity resides in the brain. We examine theoretical assumptions, empirical evidence, and treatment implications for each view and propose ways of moving beyond them.Health and Well-bein
Quantifying material stocks in long-lived products: Challenges and improvements for informing sustainable resource use strategies
No full textHorizon 2020(H2020)101056868Industrial Ecolog
The taphonomy of the Madura Strait fossil assemblage, a record of selective hunting and marrow processing by late Middle Pleistocene Sundaland hominins
No full textThe Madura Strait assemblage is the first vertebrate faunal record of submerged Sundaland. The material derives from an ancient valley of the Solo River, which was cut during the lowstand of MIS6. The geological background of the site and the taxonomy of the fossils have been described in previous publications. However, the significance of the assemblage within the Pleistocene biogeography of Southeast Asia can only be understood if we have insight into its accumulation history and homogeneity, and into the representativeness of the OSL-dated sediment for the fossils it contains. Moreover, the presence of hominin fossils raises questions on hominin subsistence strategies, which may have left traces in the fossil record. Over the past decades, similar questions have successfully been addressed by systematic taphonomic studies of fossil assemblages, notably from Africa and Europe. However, such studies are rare in Southeast Asia. Moreover, taphonomic studies of assemblages from subsea sites lag behind. Here we describe the results of a systematic taphonomic study of the Madura Strait assemblage. The fossils of terrestrial species form a homogenous assemblage, representing a steady supply of skeletal elements to the river, presumably during yearly flooding stages. OSL-dated fluvial sandstone samples point to a most likely age range of 146-131 ka. The material has been subject to fluvial size-sorting, but the absence of significant rounding points to short transportation distances and a local provenance. The skeletal remains accumulated in the fluvial valley fill or became concentrated in an overlying marine lag, as a result of tidal scour during the subsequent transition to estuarine conditions. Fossils of estuarine species derive from the estuarine sediment overlying this basal marine lag and are linked to peak-highstand conditions around MIS5e (~123 ka). The bone remains of terrestrial species have been subject to two fracturing stages: a green-state fracturing stage prior to fluvial uptake and a sub-fossil-state fracturing stage during later marine reworking. Extensive green-state fragmentation of ruminant limb bones points to hominin bone battering and marrow processing. The age-at-death frequency distribution of bovids is indicative of selective hunting of prime adult prey. Cut marks on turtle bones show that hominins also fed on these aquatic species.NWO016. Vidi.171.049Archaeological Science
A late Middle Pleistocene lowstand valley of the Solo River on the Madura Strait seabed, geology and age of the first hominin locality of submerged Sundaland
No full textThe island of Java (Indonesia) is renowned for its Pleistocene hominin-bearing vertebrate fossil sites. Recently, a marine sand extraction work in the Madura Strait, off the coast of Surabaya, hit upon vertebrate-rich sandstones. More than 6,000 vertebrate fossils have been retrieved from the dredged sand, amongst which are two skull fragments ascribed to Homo erectus. The fossils form the first vertebrate record from submerged Sundaland, the lowland plains that connected the great islands of western Indonesia to the Asian mainland during Middle and Late Pleistocene lowstands. Here we present the results of a comprehensive study of the age, depositional background and landscape setting of the subsea fossil locality. The fossiliferous sandstones form the fill of a lowstand valley of the Solo River. The material was OSL-dated to 162 +/- 31 and 119 +/- 27 ka, which links the valley to the lowstand of MIS6. Fluvial backfilling was probably related to the stage of rising sea in the run-up to MIS5. The top of the valley fill consists of marine sandstones, pointing to valley drowning and a change to estuarine conditions, probably during peak highstand conditions of MIS5e. The Madura Strait submerged valley is of similar age as the Solo terrace of Ngandong, one of the richest Homo erectus sites of Java and regarded as yielding the youngest record of this species.NWO016.Vidi.171.049Archaeological Science
Pediatric liver and kidney transplant recipients demonstrate greater serological response to SARS-CoV-2 vaccination than adults
No full textBackground. Adult solid organ transplant recipients (SOTRs) have decreased responsiveness to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus type 2 (SARS-CoV-2) vaccination and higher incidence of infection, but there are few data on the serological response in pediatric SOTR. The aim of this study was to determine serological response to SARS-CoV-2 vaccination in pediatric liver (LT) and kidney transplant (KT) recipients and compare it with adult SOTR.Methods. A European, prospective, multicenter study was performed. Samples were taken at 7 and 32 wk following COVID-19 vaccination and serological endpoints were measured by ELISA.Results. A total of 42 pediatric (16 post-LT and 26 post-KT) and 117 adult (all post-LT) were included. All pediatric participants and 94% adult participants received mRNA vaccines. Paediatric SOTR patients had significantly higher anti-Spike IgG levels than adult participants at week 7 (114 220.7 [59 285.92–220 058.55] versus 8756.7 [5643.69–13 586.71], P P = 0.0032). No significant difference in week 7 anti-Spike IgG response was found between pediatric LT and KT (129 434.4 [51 888.64–322 869.69] versus 105 304.5 [39 910.20–277 849.50], P = 0.9854). No differences were seen between children and adults in the rate of decline of anti-Spike IgG between weeks 7 and 32 (P = 0.8000). Male sex and hemolytic-uremic syndrome or postischemic kidney disease were associated with lower anti-Spike IgG levels at week 7 in pediatric SOTR.Conclusions. Paediatric SOTR demonstrate greater SARS-CoV-2 vaccine responses than comparable adult SOTR patients. These data support efficacy and safety of SARS-CoV-2 vaccination in child SOTR and may alleviate vaccine hesitancy in this patient group.Molecular basis of virus replication, viral pathogenesis and antiviral strategie