Leiden University Scholary Publications
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Denemarken: gidsland voor een nieuw kiesstelsel?
No full textThe Legitimacy and Effectiveness of Law & Governance in a World of Multilevel Jurisdiction
Hydrophilicity-dependent photodegradation of antibiotics in ice: Freeze-concentration effects and dissolved organic matter interactions drive divergent kinetics, pathways and toxicity
No full textThe photodegradation behavior of antibiotics with different hydrophilicity in ice and the synergistic effect of dissolved organic matter (DOM) remains unclear. This study unravels the dual role of DOM in driving divergent photodegradation pathways for five antibiotics (sulfamethoxazole (SMZ), oxytetracycline (OTC), levofloxacin (LFX), ciprofloxacin (CIP), and norfloxacin (NOR)) with different hydrophilicity in ice and compares the outcomes with a similar treatment in aqueous systems under simulated sunlight. The results showed that the photodegradation of hydrophilic antibiotics (SMZ, OTC, LFX) in ice is faster compared to water, which attributed to freeze-concentration effects that enhance light absorption in ice’s liquid-like regions (LLRs). Conversely, hydrophobic antibiotics (CIP, NOR) degraded faster in water due to solvent cage effects. DOM amplified the photodegradation of hydrophilic antibiotics in ice by enriching humic-like substances in LLRs, which generated more reactive singlet oxygen (e.g. 77.1 % contribution to SMZ degradation), while inhibited the photodegradation of hydrophobic antibiotic via protein-like substances that quench excited states. Notably, DOM introduced ice-specific oxidative pathways of hydrophilic antibiotics, which altered their toxicity profiles and complicated toxicity trends toward Vibrio fischeri. These findings highlight the critical role of ice-phase photochemistry in cold regions, influencing antibiotic fate, transformation pathways, and ecological risks.Environmental Biolog
Assessing the internal consistency reliability of ecological momentary assessment measures: insights from the WARN-D study
No full textIntensive longitudinal research has become increasingly popular in the social and clinical sciences in recent years. However, this popularity has brought about many challenges for both methodological and empirical researchers, including challenges regarding measurement. In this preregistered study, we are particularly interested in the assessment of the reliability when multiple items are used to measure the same construct in intensive longitudinal data. This is important because reliability estimates are necessary (albeit not sufficient) to evaluate the quality of measures. Here, we evaluate the internal consistency reliability of scales used during Stage 2 of the WARN-D study, a 3-month period of daily and weekly measurements. The WARN-D study is a prospective 2-year study of approximately 1,750 students conducted in the Netherlands, aiming at building an early warning system for depression. Stage 2 includes 3 months of data on positive and negative affect measured four times a day and depression and anxiety measured once a week. To assess the reliability of each scale, we use six different statistical approaches including three simpler approaches that estimate the reliability at the between-person and within-person levels and three idiographic approaches that estimate person-specific reliability coefficients. This article also serves as a tutorial guide for substantive researchers, providing annotated code to facilitate estimating and reporting the reliability of ecological momentary assessment measures. We encourage all researchers to report the reliability of their data when applying the introduced statistical approaches, contributing to a collaborative effort toward developing more reliable measures in psychological and behavioral science.Health and Well-bein
HPA-1a antibodies in FNAIT do not distinguish αvβ3 from αIIbβ3, and bind inactive integrins more strongly than active integrins
No full textAnimal science
On the ecological impact of prehistoric hunter-gatherers in Europe: early Holocene (Mesolithic) and Last Interglacial (Neanderthal) foragers compared
Full text link Recent studies have highlighted evidence of human impact on landscapes dating back to the Late Pleistocene–long before the advent of agriculture. Quantifying the extent of vegetation transformations by hunter-gatherers remains a major research challenge. We address this challenge by comparing climate-based potential natural vegetation cover with pollen-based vegetation reconstructions for the Last Interglacial and the Early Holocene. Differences between these datasets suggest that climate alone cannot fully explain the pollen-based vegetation patterns in Europe during these periods. To explore this issue, we used an upgraded version of the HUMan impact on LANDscapes (HUMLAND) agent-based model (ABM), combined with a genetic algorithm, to generate vegetation change scenarios. By comparing ABM outputs with pollen-based reconstructions, we aimed to identify parameter values that yield HUMLAND results closely matching the pollen-based vegetation cover. The updated ABM covers a broad temporal range, and incorporates the effects of hunting on herbivores and their influence on vegetation regeneration. The results show that the combined effects of megafauna, natural fires, and climatic fluctuations alone lead to vegetation cover estimates that are inconsistent with paleoecological reconstructions. Instead, anthropogenic burning played a key role, with modelling results suggesting that European landscapes were already substantially modified by humans by the Early Holocene. In scenarios where human-induced burning was minimal or absent, foragers still shaped landscapes indirectly through hunting, which influenced herbivore densities and their impact on vegetation dynamics. Our study revealed that Neanderthals and Mesolithic humans influenced similar-sized areas around their campsites and shared comparable preferences for vegetation openness. Our results challenge the assumption that pre-agricultural humans had minimal ecological impact. Instead, this study provides strong evidence that both Neanderthals and Mesolithic foragers actively shaped European interglacial ecosystems, influencing vegetation dynamics long before agriculture. Horizon 2020(H2020)813904World Archaeolog
Teacher agency in universities: exploring underlying beliefs and agentic orientations when navigating university teaching practices
No full textTeaching and Teacher Learning (ICLON
Phasic alertness impairs cognitive control by amplifying competition between evidence accumulators
No full textSocial, Cognitive, and Affective Decision Makin
Editor's choice platform for identifying human glycan-specific antibodies against bacterial pathogens using synthetic glycan fragments.
Full text linkBacterial infections represent a substantial global health challenge, impacting both human and veterinary health. The ongoing evolution of antibiotic-resistant pathogens, coupled with limited new antibiotic discoveries, urges the need for alternative strategies to treat and prevent these infections. Passive immunization with monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) is gaining interest as a promising alternative. Here, we report an experimental pipeline for generating human mAbs from healthy donor B cells using synthetic mimics of complex bacterial glycans. We identified functional mAbs recognizing discrete and unique epitopes on the surface glycans of two bacterial priority pathogens; Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus pyogenes. The use of chemically-defined synthetic glycans was critical for the discovery and systematic characterization of mAbs. From a heterogeneous mix of B cell specificities, antibody sequences were identified, leading to the production of mAbs with distinct reactivities against immunodominant but also to less common or even masked epitopes. The pipeline can be adapted to different glycan targets, donor material or specific antibody isotypes. This work thereby paves the way for the discovery of glycan-specific mAbs with clinical relevance to treat, prevent or diagnose infections with S. aureus, S. pyogenes or other bacterial pathogens.NWOVI.C.182.020Bio-organic Synthesi
“To derogate or not to derogate, that’s the question”: over het EHRM en de beoordeling van noodtoestandsmaatregelen
Full text linkDeze bijdrage laat zien dat het Europees Hof voor de Rechten van de Mens (EHRM) maatregelen die volgens het nationale recht alleen tijdens een noodtoestand genomen mogen worden niet per se beoordeelt als uitzonderlijke maatregelen, die een staat alleen mag nemen als die zich beroept op het speciale staatsnoodartikel van het EVRM. Dit blijkt onder meer uit enkele recente arresten van het EHRM die betrekking hebben op anti-terrorismemaatregelen die voortvloeiden uit de noodtoestand die in Frankrijk werd uitgeroepen na de terreuraanslagen van november 2015 in Parijs.Effective Protection of Fundamental Rights in a pluralist worl