International Journal of Agricultural Sciences
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Clove-Based Local Economic Development in Lede Sub-District, Taliabu Island District North Maluku Province
Get PDFThis study aimed to identify and describe the clove agribusiness system and its economic prospects in supporting local economic development in Lede District, Taliabu Island Regency, North Maluku Province. The research was conducted using descriptive qualitative method. The results of this study suggest that Lede sub-district is one of the sub-district areas that is the base of clove agricultural development in Taliabu Island district. The developed clove commodity involves most of the farmers in the Lede Sub-district area, with a large development area, coupled with a high level of productivity. The clove commodity has potential economic value and has contributed to household income and the quality of clove farmers' welfare. To realize local economic development efforts based on the clove commodity, it is necessary to have the intervention of various parties, especially the local government and the private sector, both on the intervention in the scale of on farm and off farm activities, especially on a number of interventions related to infrastructure and superstructure supporting agricultural production activities, capital, to marketing management aspects and efforts to increase the economic added value of the clove commodity developed
Comparative Performance of New Agronomic Technology on the Yield Potential of Groundnuts (Arachis hypogaea L.) under Rainfed Agriculture in Guruve District, Zimbabwe
Get PDFThe study was carried out to assess the yield performance of groundnuts grown on ridges and non-ridges by communal farmers of ward 8 in the Guruve district of Mashonaland Central province, Zimbabwe. Interviews, surveys, questionnaires, and observation methods were used for data collection. A sample of 60 respondents was selected from a list of groundnut farmers in the ward. The results showed that 43% of the respondents were growing groundnuts on ridges, while 57% of the respondents were growing groundnuts on non-ridges. No farmers used both farming practices. The results showed that more yield per hectare was obtained by farmers who used ridged farming practices than nonridging techniques. The area planted with groundnuts varied significantly (P<0.001) with the farming practice (ridging and nonridging) and the farming seasons. The rate of adoption of the ridging farming technology was affected by the age of the household head, level of education of the household head, sex, and age of the household head. More females participated in the growing of groundnuts than their male counterparts. In conclusion, groundnut yield was comparatively higher on ridged farming technology than on non-ridging technology; farmers are encouraged to plant groundnuts on ridges to cherish the highest production benefits. However, more training is needed for farmers to take upon new farming technology and regard groundnuts as a cash crop rather than a women's crop as well as to improve the household income
MANAGING PHOMA LEAF BLIGHT OF FLUTED PUMPKIN USING DIVERSE AGENTS
No full textPurpose: Production of fluted pumpkin (Telfaria occidentalis), a very important fruit and leaf vegetable in Africa, is highly constrained by diseases like Phoma blight. Uptodate the pumpkin diseases acknowledged include fungi diseases (two wilts, leaf blight, downy mildew, leaf spot, anthracnose and three fungi storage diseases), three viruses (Telfaria mosaic virus, cucumber mosaic virus and pepper mottle virus), bacteria leaf soft rot and root knot nematodes.Methods: An in vitro research was carried out using completely randomized design with each treatment replicated three times. Two subtrials were conducted to determine the effect of firstly five Trichoderma isolates and secondly of three botanicals on Phoma blight.Findings: Inhibition of Phoma sorghina by Trichoderma isolates ranged between 14-58%. After 144 hours of biocontrol, significant differences (P≤0.05) between the treatments in decreasing magnititude of performance followed the order T. virens isolate MZ2, T. harzianum isolate AIBN3, T. harzianum isolate BGMZ3, T. harzianum isolate ZXMZ6 and finally T. harmatum isolate ZXGV5. Also, after 144 hours of exposure, Parkia biglobosa (100%) performed significantly better, followed by P. biglobosa 50% and Juniperus chinensis 100% (which were at par), then Monoon longifolium 100%.Conclusion: Biocontrol and use of botanicals in fluted pumpkin production are feasible options to plant disease managaement in pumpkin production. Further work on integrated management of this disease is ongoing but so much needs to be done when one is dealing with vegetables. Safety and nature of the relationship between the control measures has barely starte
Traditional institution for enhancing the sustainability of irrigation management in West Sumatra Indonesia
Get PDFIndigenous institutions that have been existing within the community for hundreds of years ago can contribute to effective natural resources management, especially by encouraging farmers' participation in irrigation activities. However, due to a new institution introduced by the Indonesian government, such as the water users' Associations ("P3A" in Bahasa), institutional problems, such as low participation from farmers in irrigation activities, have occurred in some regions where the traditional institution has been disappearing from irrigation management. Nevertheless, some communities appropriately manage the irrigation system by integrating traditional institutions into the current irrigation system. This study aims to re-assess the importance of the traditional institution in managing irrigation systems in West Sumatra. The qualitative method was used to collect data in Agam district from January 2022 to August 2022. Two P3As (P3A Karya Mandiri dan P3A Jorong Biaro) were selected to evaluate the traditional institution in irrigation management. This study found that matrilineal land ownership (ulayat kaum in Minangkabau language) can ensure irrigation water supply for each system and the continuity of rice farming. Furthermore, mufakat (deliberation to reach consensus) in determining irrigation management can encourage farmers' participation in irrigation activities and avoid conflict over water, especially during the dry condition. To re-implement indigenous institution in irrigation management, collaborative action must be performed to create mutual understanding regarding indigenous institutions between farmers and policy makers
Examining Income Patterns and Time Allocation in Nutmeg (Myristica Fragrans) Farmint: A Case Study of Padang Selatan District, Padang, West Sumatra, Indonesia
Get PDFThis research aims to determine the income and profits of Pala (Myristica Fragrans)  products and analyze the working time allocation in producing Pala products in Padang Selatan District. The study was conducted from September to November 2022. The research method used was descriptive with a survey approach. The data collected consists of two types, namely primary data and secondary data. The selction of respondent is done by simple random sampling method. The samples were 34 farmers. From the Pala tree the farmers can harvest the seeds, mace, and fruit meat which was processed into Pala syrup. The products most widely used by farmers are seeds and mace. From on the three Pala products produced, the highest average income is from the seed with an average income of Rp. 3,209,252 (70.53%), followed by Pala syrup of Rp. 767,310 (16.86%) and the lowest income is mace products which was 573,356 (12.60%). The highest working time allocation was found in processing of Pala seed products which was 8.85 working time allocation / year (54.16%), mace products of 5.83 working time allocation / year (35.68%) and the lowest in Pala syrup products of 1.66 working time allocation / year (10.16%). The  farmers should cultivate Pala in accordance with the recommendations, as well as processing the fruit meat into various preparations so that farmers' income can increase.Keywords: Income analysis, working time, pal
Effect of Locally Processed Cassava (Manihot Esculenta) Root Meal on Performance Indices, Metric Characteristics of Gut and Organs of Broiler
No full textA 4-week feeding trial was conducted with 54 two-week-old broiler chicks which were randomly allotted to 3 dietary treatments, each treatment having 6 replicates consisting of 3 broilers in a completely randomized design to evaluate the influence of inclusion in broiler diets at 0, 7.5 and 12.5 % cassava root meal on feed intake, weight gain, feed conversion efficiency, organ weight and gut morphometry. Results showed that there was no significant difference (p>0.05) in the feed intake, weight gain and feed conversion efficiency among the treatments. There was also no significant (p>0.05) difference in the absolute weight of organs selected for analysis while there was a significant (p<0.05) difference in the right caeca length. Sun-dried cassava root meal can be incorporated into the starter diet of broilers up to 12.5% to replace conventional feed ingredients like maize without any deleterious effects on the performance and gut health
Management Of Fusarium Solani (Root Rot Of Common Bean) Using Disparate Methodologies
No full textPurpose: Common bean is frequently infected by several pathogens which reduce its yield (20–100%) and quality of the produce. Three sub-trials were employed to proffer solutions to infection of beans by Fusarium solani.Methods: All three sub-trials (botanical, chemical, and bio-control sub-trials) were setup using the completely randomized design with each treatment replicated thrice in vitro.Findings: The results of applying synthetic fungicides (i.e.; metalxyl, metalaxyl+copper, and metalaxyl+carboxin) revealed that all the fungicides were significantly different (P≤0.05) compared with the control. Metalaxyl (single agent) was significantly (P≤0.05) less effective compared to combined formulations with metaxyl and other agents. The best treatment was Metalaxyl+Copper (100% concentration) followed by Metalaxyl+Copper (50% concentration), then Metalaxyl+Carboxin (100% concentration), Metalaxyl+Carboxin (50% concentration) in descending order of performance. All the plant extracts (Silk cotton (Ceiba pentandra), Tamarind (Tamarindus indica), wild cardamom (Sulettaria surculosa), and Eucalyptus (Eucalyptus globolus)) were significantly different (P≤0.05) compared with the control. The highest control of this pathogen was attained using Eucalyptus (100% concentration), followed by Eucalyptus (50% concentration), Cardamom (100% concentration), Cardamom (50% concentration), Silk cotton (100% concentration), Tamarind (100% concentration), Tamarind (50% concentration), and finally Silk cotton (50% concentration). The inhibitory efficacy of Trichoderma isolates shows that they were significantly different (P≤0.05) compared with the control. Trichoderma harzianum isolate AIM22 and Trichoderma hamatum isolate ZXPB provided the best control followed by Trichoderma harzianum isolate AIBN, and finally, Trichoderma viride isolate AIBK.Conclusion: The use of these botanical, chemical, and bio-control agents revealed their potency in managing Fusarium solani.Â
Farmer’s Share Analysis of Manohara Sweet Potatoes Marketing Channel
No full textThe farmer's share is used to assess the marketing efficiency received by farmers as the leading actors in farming. This study aimed to analyze the value obtained by farmers in the marketing chain of Manohara sweet potatoes. The study was conducted in Nagari Koto Tinggi, Baso District, Agam Regency, using a survey method, and the research respondents were 30 purposively selected farmers, collectors, and retailers determined by the snowball sampling method. The data was taken using an interview guide, which was then analyzed descriptively and quantitatively. The results showed three marketing channels for Manohara sweet potato in Nagari Koto Tinggi, Baso District, Agam Regency. The largest farmer's share received by farmers is in the first marketing channel at 100%, the second highest share is in the second marketing channel at 51.6%, and the lowest is in the third marketing channel at 26.11%. The first was a direct marketing channel between farmers and the potato stick agroindustry. However, the number of agroindustries is still small; thus, to increase the value of the farmer's share, increasing the number and scale of the sweet potato agroindustry is the right solution for farmers to sell their crops to the agroindustry directly, and to achieve the welfare of farmers to overcome poverty at the agricultural level
Effect of Zeba (Super absorbent polymer) to combat the impacts of increased temperature and irrigation interval on growth and yield attributes of Chilli (Capsicum annum)
Get PDFIt is very important to use adaptation technologies in crop fields to mitigate the adverse effect of increasing temperature and limited amount of water on crop growth and yield. Application of Super Absorbent Polymers is one of the technologies which can be used to overcome the impacts. This study was conducted at the Open University of Sri Lanka, during the period of 2019 to 2021. Experimental design consisted with three factors, i.e. temperature conditions (32-33 0C and 35-360C), irrigation intervals (3days, 5days and 8days) and application of Zeba (Super Absorbent Polymers) (2g of Zeba and with not Zeba). Treatments were arranged in Complete Randomized Design with three replicates. Growth and yield parameters of chilli were collected and statistical analysis of the data (ANOVA) was performed using Three-Factor Factorial Design and compared for the significance by using a Revised Least Significant Difference test at p=0.05. According to the results, Zeba positively influences to mitigate the adverse effect of increased temperature and water stress condition imposed by longer irrigation interval. Under ambient temperature condition, treatment with Zeba, three day irrigation interval showed the highest yield of chilli. However, the yield of that crop was not significantly different from the treatments with five day irrigation interval and eight day irrigation interval under ambient temperature condition with Zeba. Therefore, due to the no significant difference, treatment with Zeba and eight day irrigation interval can be named as the best cost-effective treatment which can be used to cultivate with limited amount of water under ambient temperature condition. Under increased temperature condition, treatment with Zeba, three day irrigation interval showed the highest yield. However, it is not significantly different from the treatment of five day irrigation interval, with Zeba under increased temperature condition. Therefore, under increased temperature condition, irrigation interval can be extended up to five day when plants were treated with Zeba
Management and Development of Community-Based Ecotourism Destinations in West Sumatra
Get PDFThis research is based on the assumption that the government and the private sector are in control of the tourism industry which results in the position of the community being neglected and alienated. Therefore there is a need for efforts to empower local communities in managing and developing tourism potential in their area. The concept of Community based tourism is an alternative solution to restore the role and participation of the community in managing and developing this tourism sector. Based on this problem, the researcher tries to formulate research questions, namely; how is the management and development of community-based ecotourism destinations in West Sumatra? The objectives of this research include: 1) To describe and analyze how community-based ecotourism is managed and developed. 2) To describe the impact of community-based ecotourism management and development on the social, economic, and surrounding environment. The research method uses a qualitative approach with data collection techniques through field studies by collecting primary and secondary data. The data obtained will be reduced, presented and conclusions drawn which are the relationship between the existing theory and qualitative analysis which can provide an overview of the research problem. The results of the study explain that the management of ecotourism destinations in the research location is based on the community through tourism awareness groups formed by the community itself. The level of community participation is quite high both in planning, implementing, and evaluating management and development activities. As for the impact felt by the surrounding community, it is quite positive socially, economically and environmentally. In the future, there is a need to increase the capacity of tourism awareness groups as well as improve management and collaboration with other parties in improving suggestions and better ecotourism destinations