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Know your audience? Understanding social and cultural contexts is vital to effective teaching, communication
No full textThis chapter argues that understanding one’s audience, and associated social and cultural contexts, is vital to effective teaching and communication. It draws on two international examples (one in the USA and one in Australia) where a lack of understanding of social and cultural contexts resulted in communication that wasn’t as effective as it otherwise could be. The chapter advocates for co-designed approaches to more inclusive and nuanced communication and reflects on the aspects, such as time, flexibility, and an understanding of history, that are required for the design of more thoughtful communication messages. Overall, this chapter argues that understanding social and cultural context requires humility to admit one person doesn’t or can’t know everything, relevant relationships one can draw on to provide appropriate nuance and perspective, and a willingness to learn about the past and be flexible with how interactions progress alongside adaptability with what form the final artefact or outcome takes.</p
How to infuse mathematical wellbeing into classrooms
No full textThis resource provides an easy framework to support teachers and school leaders in cultivating an enabling classroom environment that supports student wellbeing in mathematics. Research shows that students want opportunities to fulfil these seven values in the maths classroom. When students can fulfil these seven values, they are more likely to engage, persist through mathematical challenges, feel a sense of belonging and achieve in mathematics education. </p
Person-centered insights into organizational change: Identifying and analyzing profiles using latent profile analysis
No full textOrganizational change is well-studied, yet remains a fragmented field. While existing theory and research identify various organizational change factors, empirical studies tend to examine these factors in isolation. In this respect, the change field has been ineffective in capturing meaningful profiles or configurations informed by the complex interdependencies among these change factors. This limit contributes to a narrower understanding of organizational change phenomena and how change is studied. To address this gap, we propose a person-centered approach as an accessible and effective approach for studying the underlying profiles that characterizes the complexity of organizational change. This article introduces person-centered research and provides a step-by-step guide to latent profile analysis (LPA), a flagship technique used to analyze profiles. After explaining LPA, we outline essential steps for applying this technique in the context of organizational change, illustrating the value of a person-centered approach in conducting this type of analysis. Offering practical insights for researchers and practitioners, we demonstrate how LPA can uncover hidden profiles of subgroups, providing a more nuanced understanding of organizational change. By making person-centered research more accessible, we promote its use to capture the underlying complexity and diversity of organizational change and its impact on the success of change initiatives.</p
An International Comparison of Psychiatric Advance Directive Policy: Across eleven jurisdictions and alongside advance directive policy
No full textThe present work provides a comparative policy review of psychiatric advance directives, considering 1) variation across eleven international jurisdictions and 2) differentiation from other advance directive policy. The aim is to support well-founded legal and clinical practice when it comes to psychiatric advance directives by 1) clarifying the range of present approaches and 2) highlighting differential treatment of those with mental health conditions. Applicable statutes in England and Wales; Germany; India; the Netherlands; New South Wales (Australia), Northern Ireland, Virginia (USA); Washington (USA); Switzerland; Scotland; and Victoria (Australia) were reviewed by a team with expertise in law, clinical practice, and ethics. Policy variations were identified related to requirements for validity, activation, amendment, revocation, and override of preferences expressed. Psychiatric advance directives tend to be more strictly regulated and have less legal force than medical advance directives, with more restrictive guidelines and more conditions allowing advance preferences to be overridden. Psychiatric advance directives also tend to be less uniform across jurisdictions, sometimes reflecting varied functions of the directive and sometimes suggesting varied framing of the appropriateness of coercion in psychiatric care. More work is needed to evaluate the validity of distinct psychiatric advance directive policy. Stricter regulation and weaker legal force can serve as barriers to use, and coercion carries associated harms; psychiatric advance directive policy, especially choices that differ from other advance directive policy, should be well-justified.</p
Data for journal article "Factors contributing to court and tribunal interpreters’ job satisfaction in Australia"
No full textCourt interpreting plays a vital role in multilingual and multicultural societies such as Australia. However, despite the essential nature of this work, interpreters often experience substandard working conditions that negatively impact their job satisfaction and professional fulfilment, and can also affect service quality and interpreter retention. This study uses Herzberg’s two-factor theory as a conceptual framework to investigate the factors – both extrinsic and intrinsic – influencing job satisfaction among interpreters working in Australian courts and tribunals. A national survey conducted among this cohort revealed specific challenges related to remuneration, operational practices and organisational support, highlighting an urgent need for systemic improvements to prevent Court interpreting plays a vital role in multilingual and multicultural societies such as Australia. However, despite the essential nature of this work, interpreters often experience substandard working conditions that negatively impact their job satisfaction and professional fulfilment, and can also affect service quality and interpreter retention. This study uses Herzberg’s two-factor theory as a conceptual framework to investigate the factors – both extrinsic and intrinsic – influencing job satisfaction among interpreters working in Australian courts and tribunals. A national survey conducted among this cohort revealed specific challenges related to remuneration, operational practices and organisational support, highlighting an urgent need for systemic improvements to prevent the attrition crisis currently looming within the profession.</p
Cardigan Commons: Research Project Summary
No full textRMIT PlaceLab’s Cardigan Commons Research Project explored the potential of Cardigan Street, Carlton to transform into a more inclusive, collaborative and wild ‘greenscape’, with a focus on community perspectives and aspirations.What would it look like to transform Cardigan Street into an innovative green space that enhances local ecology, environmental health, and community wellbeing? We explored this question by investigating community perspectives and hopes for the streetscape, barriers and concerns about the change, opportunities to shift perspectives, and collaborative ways to design a space. The project engaged with local community groups and key stakeholders using both online surveys and face-to-face workshops. Activity culminated in a Zine outlining the Project’s of findings, an Exhibition showcasing both student and community visions for the future of Cardigan Street, as well as a series of on-street planting eco-system prototypes. Through these efforts we hoped to help create new visions of what Cardigan Street could become, and a community engaged in the process of its becoming.</p
Development and Characterisation of Gel-Like Sorbents from Pomelo (Citrus grandis L.) Peels as Fat Replacers in Meat Products
No full textThis PhD project investigated the conversion of pomelo (Citrus grandis L.) peel (PP), an underutilised plant-based byproduct, into various gel-like materials, including hydrogel-like, oleogel-like, emulsion-based, and aerogel-based sorbents, for potential food applications. These sorbents rapidly form gel-like structures when immersed in solvent (oil or water) at room temperature for 2–10 minutes, offering a non-thermal, efficient solution for food applications. The study specifically examined how PP powder particle size (125–500 µm) and concentration (5–40%) influence gelation mechanisms and structural properties using three approaches: direct mixing, emulsion-templating, and aerogel-templating. Additionally, the project successfully demonstrated the application of optimised PP-based sorbents as fat replacers in semi-dried chicken sausages.
The investigation into pomelo peel (PP) powder (Chapter 3) revealed its unique functional properties for constructing diverse gel-like materials. Systematic characterisation showed that PP powder is rich in fibre (52.11%–59.59%), primarily composed of cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin. PP powder also exhibited high oil sorption capacity, amphiphilic behaviour, and strong antioxidant activity, making it a promising food structuring and stabilising agent.
PP powder was processed into 125, 250, and 500 μm fractions, showing that smaller particle sizes (125 and 250 μm), at concentrations of 10–40% w/w, could form self-sustaining gel-like structures. When mixed with oil, they resembled oleogel-like materials, while in water, they formed hydrogel-like substances. Textural and rheological analyses revealed that larger particle sizes and higher PP powder concentrations produced harder, more brittle gels, whereas smaller particles and lower concentrations resulted in softer and elastic gels. Increasing PP powder concentration led to denser gel networks. Principal Component Analysis suggested that chemical composition was not the primary factor driving gelation. While both 125 μm and 250 μm PP powders are fiber-dominant, their microstructural differences result in distinct gelation mechanisms. The porous structure of 250 μm PP particles enhances solvent trapping, leading to greater oil and water retention. These particles form gels primarily through direct particle aggregation, where physical entanglements and porous structures drive gel formation rather than uniform dispersion. Consequently, the PP concentration required for gelation is reduced from 15–35% to 10–25% compared to 125 μm PP particles. Furthermore, self-sustaining sorbents require less PP powder in water (10–20%) than in oil (25–35%), reinforcing its hydrophilic nature.
To improve gelling efficiency and further reduce PP powder content, an emulsion-based approach was developed in Chapter 4. Emulsions with oil-to-water ratios of 1:3, 1:1, and 3:1 were prepared using 125 μm and 250 μm PP powders, without additional stabilisers. This method effectively lowered the required PP concentration to 10–25%. Gel hardness increased as PP concentration and particle size increased, with the oil-to-water ratio playing a critical role in determining textural, rheological, and oxidative stability. A higher oil content (3:1 ratio) resulted in greater hardness and improved stability, closely resembling traditional fats in elasticity and oxidation resistance.
The gelation mechanism in this approach was primarily driven by PP particle hydration, which facilitated oil droplet entrapment within the gel matrix. Unlike the direct mixing method, where gelation depended on particle-to-particle interactions, the emulsion-based method introduced particle-to-droplet interactions, forming a more structured and cohesive gel network. Microstructural analysis revealed that 250 μm PP particles formed large aggregates due to stronger particle-to-particle interactions, whereas 125 μm PP particles created a more uniform, elastic gel network dominated by droplet-to-particle interactions. These findings suggest that gelation efficiency is influenced by PP concentration, particle size, and the balance between water absorption and oil entrapment.
To further minimise the PP content required for gelation, a novel aerogel template method was developed in Chapter 5. Emulsion-template aerogels were produced using 5–10% PP powder via hydrothermal treatment at 95°C for 2 hours. The aerogels were subsequently immersed in rice bran oil at room temperature for 10 minutes to form aerogel-based oil sorbents (ABOS). Hydrothermal treatment modified the cell wall structure of PP particles, reducing antioxidant and soluble fibre content. The aerogel showed a binary pore system with intra particular micropores and inter particular mesopores which depends on particle size and concentration. Mesoporous exhibited superior oil sorption capabilities, with micropores becoming more dominant at higher PP concentrations but not related to oil sorption. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis confirmed that oil sorption was primarily driven by physical interactions. Smaller particle (125 μm) sizes formed denser structures, increasing hardness but reducing cohesiveness. At lower PP concentrations, 250 µm aerogels exhibited superior oil absorption and favourable textural properties, making them ideal for food applications. Oral processing analysis revealed that 5–6% sorbents (125 and 250 µm) exhibited rheological and tribological properties comparable to conventional oleogels, suggesting their suitability as fat replacers. The required PP content for gelation was successfully reduced to 6–9%, aligning with traditional oleogel formulations.
Key findings from Chapters 3, 4, and 5 guided the selection of 5 and 6% ABOS (125 μm and 250 μm) for fat replacement in semi-dried chicken sausages (Chapter 6). The formulation included 60% chicken mince, 20% pork fat, and 20% ice, followed by four days of drying and cooking at 75°C for 30 minutes. The ABOS replaced 20–100% of pork fat in formulations while maintaining desirable pH (~5.3) and water activity (~0.93). Compositional analysis revealed a 33–46% reduction in fat content with total fat substitution, along with a 2.8- to 3.9-fold increase in dietary fibre. Volatile profiling (SPME-GC-MS) showed that fat-reduced sausages contained terpenes and esters from PP, creating a fruity-meaty balanced aroma, whereas control sausages retained conventional lipid-derived volatiles (aldehydes and ketones). Microstructural and functional characterisation demonstrated that smaller ABOS particles (125 μm) enhanced water retention, minimised weight and cooking loss, and increased porosity, while larger particles (250 μm) reinforced matrix integrity, contributing to higher hardness and cohesiveness. These findings highlight the potential of ABOS as a functional and sustainable fat replacer in food applications.</p
Building Relationality: Sustaining First Nations Aspirations in Design Studio Teaching
No full textThis paper explores the ways that three built-environment academics have developed design studio pedagogies which engage students directly with First Nations people through real-world projects. It explores how relationality is integral to supporting the aspirations of First Nations projects in the context of design studio teaching. The authors argue that whilst their pedagogies necessarily differ in relation to the specifics of context and Country of each project, the sharedapproach to pedagogy is underpinned by recognition of sovereignty of First Nations and collaborating with community representatives who are active agents in the project through the process of socialisation. The ways in which these design studios facilitate the envisioning of FirstNations projects becomes critical to understanding diversities among and within First Nations communities.</p
Large-eddy simulation of the flow over a realistic riverine geometry
No full textIn this paper, we discuss the transport of sediment and the formation of bedforms in turbulent river flows, under flow conditions typical of flooding events. Through the implementation of an immersed boundary method, a wall model and a morphological model, we were able to simulate complex and mobile geometries under high Reynolds numbers at an affordable computational cost. In particular, we examined the evolution of bedforms on a loose sediment bed under turbulent flow conditions, using input parameters obtained from laboratory measurements. Over time, the bedforms become more three-dimensional and irregular in shape, leading to changes in the shear layer, crest angle and separation patterns. The bedforms continue to evolve until a quasi-steady equilibrium is reached. Our simulations highlight the crucial role played by the small-scale bedforms, which significantly affect the flow dynamics: an increase in the total drag is observed, related to the form drag generated by the local recirculation and the increased size of the large-scale recirculation bubble. Furthermore, a stronger turbulent activity ensues from the shear layers forming on the crests of the small-scale bedforms. Finally, a wider shedding angle of the shear layer is caused by the irregular crest line.</p
The gallery seen: Photography exhibitions in Melbourne 1960s–1980s
No full textThis chapter traces the dynamic evolution of Melbourne’s photography exhibition scene from the 1960s to the 1980s, focusing particularly on the nexus between art schools—most notably Prahran College—and the proliferation of dedicated photography galleries. It situates the rise of photographic practice within the broader sociopolitical transformations of 1970s Australia, including the impact of Whitlam-era reforms, the women's liberation movement, and a general expansion in arts funding. Through detailed accounts of pioneering galleries such as Brummels, The Photographers’ Gallery and Workshop, and Church Street Photographic Centre, the essay explores how photography emerged from commercial and amateur roots to claim status as a legitimate art form. Key figures—artists, curators, and educators—are profiled alongside the institutional developments at the National Gallery of Victoria, which legitimized photography through acquisitions and exhibitions. The chapter also charts shifting ideological and aesthetic tensions, especially the contest between fine print formalism and feminist or politically engaged practices. By the 1980s, this divergence culminated in the emergence of postmodern photography, collective-run spaces, and critical discourse. Ultimately, the essay captures a period of intense creativity, contestation, and institutional change that shaped the trajectory of Australian photography.</p