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What is the impact of foreign direct investment on the economic development in Egypt from 2008 to 2018?
No full textIn the early 1990s, Egypt witnessed a shift toward a free economy and a reduction in the role of the state by approving the state with the International Monetary Fund and the World Bank for a set of policies to increase the role of foreign investment and eliminate imbalances in the economy. Agreements were signed to increase investment and In Egypt until July 31, 2017, the number of German companies in the Egyptian market amounted to 1048 with a total investment of 629 million dollars.
Due to the important role of foreign direct investment in increasing Economic development countries compete to attract foreign direct investment because it is considered the best way to economic development instead of borrowing from abroad and especially developing countries and also helps to provide foreign currencies and also foreign direct investment helps on the transfer of technology from Developed countries to developing countries and increase the technological level leads to an increase in economic development and local companies can take advantage of technology through Foreign companies through joint projects and the contribution is how to involve technology and foreign direct investment in the developing countries.Presented to: Prof. Engy Raou
The Problem of Child Soldiers in Africa & International Conventions against the Child Soldiers Phenomena
No full textChild soldiers are often victims of grave human rights abuses, yet, in some cases, they also participate actively in inflicting violence upon other persons. Nonetheless, the international discourse on child soldiers often tends to ignore the latter dimension of children’s involvement in armed conflict and instead focuses exclusively on their role as victims. The existence of child soldiers is not a new problem, but international public opinion (media, NGOs, public figures etc.) have dealt with this problem, for the most part, only after the Cold War and mostly in Western societies. Until now, the typical child soldier profile appeared, in popular awareness, in connection with African countries, however, “According to expert notions, around three hundred thousand children are taking part in more than 30 conflicts around the world”. While it might seem as though the discourse is hence beneficial for child soldiers as it protects them from blame and responsibility, it is important to realize that the so-called passive victim narrative entails various adverse consequences, which can hinder the successful reintegration of child soldiers into their families, communities, and societies. (Elliott, 1999)
This research project studies the phenomenon of child soldiers with a view of understanding the emergence of this phenomenon, the actors committing the existence of child soldiers, and solutions towards ending the phenomenon. Many treaties have been signed and ratified by states with regards to children’s rights. There are international treaties and regional treaties but children’s rights are still violated. The number of children participating in armed conflict is on the increase in the world. This research seeks to understand why this phenomenon still goes on and examines the international legal standards in place, the competence of the standards and possible remedies to improve the situation of child soldiers. Three main issues are discussed in the research paper. The issue of age is very important in relation to when persons can take part in armed conflict. The research argues that a universally acknowledged age should be used to describe the child. The second issue is the response of the international community towards the legal standards. It has been noted that people violate set standards because they can. This research attempts to assess the truth behind the behavior of the international community towards the phenomenon of child soldiers. (Harvey, 2000
Assessment of Osteogenic Material with and Without Low Intensity Laser Activation in Acceleration of Healing Intra-bony Defects
No full textThe purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of a new material with or without Low intensity laser treatment in accelerating bone formation of an apical radiolucency through a surgical procedure. In this study a total of 30 upper anterior maxillary teeth with periapical lesions ranging from 5-8mm in diameter. Patients were divided randomly into three groups: Group A: Curettage and Filling osseous defect with Nanobone graft only (n=10).Group B: Curettage and treating the Osseous defect with Laser only (n=10).Group C: Curettage and Filling Osseous defect with Nanobone graft and treating the defect with Low intenisty laser (n=10). Cone beam was taken to determine the presence of periapical radiolucency and its approximate sizes, all patients were followed up using CBCT at 3, 6 and 12 months interval for evaluation of the bone density and size of the radiolucent area. Results: The results of our present study in case of panoramic view (CBCT), it was found that group A (NBG) and C(L+NBG) showed increase in the grey scale value(bone density), while the third group B(LG) had shown lowest grey scale value, on the other hand, in case of cross-section view (CBCT), it was found that group C(L+NBG) had shown the highest grey scale value regarding the other two groups (NBG, LG). Conclusion: The use of Nano-bone graft and Low intensity laser technique in endodontic surgery is considered an optimum choice, as they both accelerate bone and tissue healing, the use of Low intensity laser decrease the post- operative pain and symptoms, the use of CBCT is considered the only effective method for measuring the bone density or the grey value
The Effect of Income Inequality and Poverty on Economics Growth in MENA region
No full textEconomics development is often regard as one major factor for poverty reduction as well as income inequality as many studies have tried to analyzed the relationship between poverty, income inequality with economic growth
numerous numbers of analysts argued that high inequality might have been one of the reasons of Arab spring revolt movement, But some researcher disagreed that the measurement of income inequality in middle East and north African countries does not match in accordance with international standard
CNC Laser Machine
No full textThis paper discusses the making of low cost CNC laser engraver by using a pen first instead of the laser engraver to be able to calibrate the home position and the steps taken by the motor. And to be able to test the depth taken by the Zaxis Then we used a 2.3-watt bluc laser diode to be our cutting tool. We tested the laser on different materials and tested it using different power densities. Despite using a low laser compared with the high lasers, we found that the 2.3 blue laser diode gave us a wide working range on different materials and low operation time.Supervisor by Dr. Abdelmonem elmahd
ترميم وتدعيم المنشآت الخرسانية
No full textلا شك أن تصدع المنشآت الخرسانية قد أصبح ظاهرة ملحوظة بدأت تزايد في الفترة األخيرة , و بما ان هذه المباني تشكل جزءًا أساسيًا من الثروة القومية للبلاد وتمس شريحة كبيرة من المواطنين , كان لزامًا و واجبًا على المتخصصين دراسة هذه الظاهرة ومعرفة أسبابها و طرق الوقاية و العلاج منها . ومن هذا المنطلق ولأهميته فقد حرصنا في بحثنا المتواضع هذا أن نتطرق لجميع تلك العوامل و معرفة أسبابها ووضع الحلول و سبل العلاج لها بالطرق العلمية الحديثة.إشراف الدكتور محمد عبد المعط
The Effect Of Different Preparation Designs And Cement Type On The Fracture Resistance Of All-Ceramic Cantilever Anterior Fixed Partial Dentures
No full textthe aim of this study was to evaluate in vitro the effect of different preparation designs and cement type on the fracture resistance of all-ceramic cantilever anterior fixed partial dentures. Material and methods: 30 all ceramic zirconia cantilever bridges were constructed and divided according to retainer design into three main groups (10 bridges each). Each group was further divided according to the type of cement: Resin cement and glass ionomer cement. The fracture resistance of all-ceramic cantilever anterior fixed partial dentures was measured. Results: Under non-axial loading, the full coverage retainer provided the best fracture resistance, Three quarter retainer design provides least fracture resistance, No significant difference between resin or glass ionome
Egyptian Revolution: Revival or downturn , a post-revolution economic study
No full textBetween the year 1981 and the year 2006 , Egypt had its GDP is rising smartly by 7% per annum and the government had managed to tame inflation from double digits to single digits ,not only that but also GDP per capita has increased to reach 4,534.82(IMF 2010 ) adding to that the huge amount of FDI and remittances . owing to that Egypt’s economy was seen as growing economy with potentials to success .
However , this did not remain the same . in the year 2011 the great revolution of 25th of Jan took place in Cairo by the anti- authoritarianism movement toward social and political correction bringing down not only the Pr but also economic stability replacing it with uncertainty and risk . despite the fact the this revolution had good intentions to reform and correct the situation , it has cost Egypt its period of tranquility causing huge downturn economic wise as this has scared away not only investors but also tourists whom were a huge source of income and foreign exchange and as a result of the fall in tourism sector the level of unemployment has been increased tremendously , not only that but also drop in GDP and GDP per capita as well as a huge drop on bunch of other sectors and industries too.
Throughout this paper we are going to study the evolution of the Egyptian economy since 2011 taking in consideration a lot of variables that have contributed to form the conditions that we are living now , variables such labor force , environmental eco , socio economic , national budget , foreign exchange and economic development aspects
Mesenchymal stem cells associated with chitosan scaffolds loaded with rosuvastatin to improve wound healing
No full textIn this study we explored the role of rosuvastatin calcium in skin regeneration as statins play important role in the field of tissue engineering. Chitosan hydrochloride was crosslinked with different weight ratios of collagen, β-glycerolphosphate and carboxymethyl cellulose to produce scaffolds by lyophilization technique. Subsequently, the fabricated scaffolds were examined for their morphology, water absorption capacity, water retention, friability and in-vitro drug release as well as in-vivo studies. The results revealed porous 3-D structured scaffolds with maximum water absorption values-ranging between 396 and 2993%. Scaffolds containing carboxymethyl cellulose revealed highest water absorption-values. In-vitro drug release results showed gradual drug release for 60 h with mean dissolution time-values (MDT) between 13 and 21 h. Combination of chitosan, collagen, carboxymethyl cellulose in weight ratio of 40:30:30, respectively achieved gradual disintegration of the scaffold in a simulating medium to an open wound after 4 days. This selected scaffold loaded with rosuvastatin revealed increase proliferation of human dermal fibroblasts compared to placebo scaffold. After 30 days of implantation of selected medicated scaffold loaded with/without mesenchymal stem cells and placebo scaffolds to induced wounds in Albino rats, enhanced skin regeneration and absence of scar formation for drug loaded scaffolds were observed. The histopathological study showed the advantage of stem cells-loaded scaffolds through the normal redistribution of collagen in the epidermal layer. In conclusion, rosuvastatin calcium and stem cells loaded in the tested scaffolds proved their potential effect in enhancing skin healing and regeneration
The Role of Forensic Accunting in Fraud Detection
No full textthe study examines the impact of forensic accounting on fraud detection in the Egyptian private sector. The aim of this research is to identify the forensic accounting and fraud detection, State the role of forensic accounting in fraud detection. To achieve these objectives, data was collected from primary and secondary sources. The primary data were collected by interviewing independent auditors to reveal real life cases. the study reveals that there is a difference between audit and forensic investigation , also it reveals that the practicing of forensic accounting have a great impact in detecting fraudulent activities