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Representações relativas à modalidade de Leitura em Voz Alta na aula de Língua Materna: um contributo para a Supervisão
No full textMestrado em SupervisãoO estágio pedagógico, incluído na formação inicial das
Licenciaturas em Ensino, deve revestir-se de particular importância para
todos os seus intervenientes, nomeadamente para os professores
estagiários e para os supervisores das escolas. Pretende-se que o processo
supervisivo funcione como uma estratégia de formação capaz de
promover a reflexão sobre as práticas e conduzir a uma melhoria da
qualidade de ensino. Neste sentido, sabemos que, durante esse ano,
muitas são as questões debatidas.
No presente estudo, propusemo- nos identificar as representações
de supervisores e de professores estagiários sobre o lugar da leitura em
voz alta no ensino / aprendizagem do Português Língua Materna, sobre
as dificuldades que os alunos manifestam na realização desta modalidade
de leitura e as estratégias a utilizar para as resolver. Paralelamente,
tentámos conhecer de que modo a problemática da leitura em voz alta é
abordada pelos núcleos de estágio de Português Língua Materna, numa
perspectiva de Supervisão.
Sendo assim, cruzaram-se no nosso trabalho duas áreas de
investigação: a Supervisão no âmbito da formação inicial de professores
de Línguas e um aspecto específico da Didáctica das Línguas, a leitura
em voz alta.
Convidámos a participar na nossa investigação todos os
professores estagiários da Universidade de Aveiro, que leccionavam a
disciplina de Português ao 3º Ciclo do Ensino Básico no ano lectivo de
2000/01, e os respectivos supervisores das escolas.
A nossa metodologia inseria-se num paradigma de investigação
de natureza qualitativa. Dadas as características do projecto,
seleccionámos o “estudo de caso”. Relativamente às técnicas de recolha
de dados, recorremos ao inquérito por questionário e por entrevista.
Devido ao facto de os questionários usados nesta investigação
conterem questões de modalidades diversas (abertas, fechadas e de
escolha múltipla), foram usados diferentes processos de análise: análise
de conteúdo, no caso das questões abertas, e análise quantitativa, no caso
das questões fechadas e de escolha múltipla. As entrevistas foram
também sujeitas a uma análise de conteúdo. Como resultado deste estudo, constatou-se que, na opinião
dos inquiridos, a leitura em voz alta está presente nas suas aulas. No
entanto, a forma como a leitura em voz alta é praticada pelos alunos
e avaliada pelos professores não conduz a um verdadeiro
aperfeiçoamento desta técnica, o que poderá justificar as dificuldades
manifestadas pelos primeiros na realização desta actividade.
Concluímos também que este assunto foi abordado nos
núcleos de estágio, o que poderá ter contribuído para uma evolução
das representações dos professores estagiários em relação a
determinados aspectos desta problemática (por exemplo, a
preparação e a avaliação da leitura em voz alta).
De qualquer forma, parece-nos importante que a leitura em
voz alta ocupe um lugar mais preponderante nas aulas de Português
Língua Materna.
Para isso, é necessário que as recomendações programáticas
portuguesas reconheçam a necessidade da sua existência ao nível do
3º Ciclo do Ensino Básico.
Por outro lado, a formação dos professores de Português deve
consciencializá-los da importância desta modalidade de leitura e
dotá-los de competências que lhes permitam ler em voz alta
expressivamente e ajudar os seus alunos a superar as suas
dificuldades neste tipo de leitura. Neste âmbito, julgamos que os
supervisores poderão desempenhar um papel fundamental.The pedagogical practice in initial teacher training programs
of Higher Education in Teacher Training is very important for all its
participants, especially trainee teachers and school supervisors. The
supervision process is supposed to work as a formation strategy able to
promote reflection on practices and to lead to an improvement in
teaching quality. In this way we know that over that year of training
lots of subjects and questions are debated.
In the present study we proposed to identify school
supervisors' and trainee teachers' representations about the importance
and place of reading aloud in the process of teaching/learning
Portuguese mother tongue. Students' difficulties when practicing this
kind of reading and strategies to use in order to solve those difficulties
are also focused on. We also tried to get acquainted with the
perspective of supervisors and trainee teachers of Portuguese mother
tongue as far as reading aloud is concerned.
Therefore, two areas of research were intersected in this
study: Supervision in the scope of initial formation of language
teachers and a specific aspect of languages methodology, reading
aloud.
We have invited all the school supervisors and trainee teachers
of the University of Aveiro, who taught Portuguese mother tongue in the
3º Ciclo do Ensino Básico (pupils between 12 and 15) during the school
year 2000/01, to participate in our research.
Our methodology was inscribed in a qualitative paradigm of
research. Having in mind the characteristics of this project, a case study
was carried out. Data were collected through questionnaire and
interview.
The questionnaires used in this research contained different
types of questions (open, close and multiple choice). Therefore different
processes of analysis were used: content analysis for open questions;
quantitative analysis, when dealing with close questions and multiple
choice. We also used content analysis for data resulting from interviews.
As a result of this study, it was verified that, according to
the opinion of the inquired teachers, reading aloud is present in their
classes. However, the way in which reading aloud is practiced by
students and evaluated by teachers does not lead to a real
improvement of this skill. This fact may justify students' difficulties
in performing such activity.
We also have concluded that this subject was discussed by
the groups of trainee teachers and their school supervisors and,
being so, it may have contributed to an evolution of trainee teachers'
representations about certain aspects of this issue (for example,
preparing and evaluating reading aloud activities).
In our point of view, reading aloud assumes a relevant
place in Portuguese mother tongue classes. So, it seems to us that it
is of extreme importance that this strategy sho uld be included in the
program recommendations.
On the other hand, Portuguese teacher training programs
should deal with this kind of reading and give those teachers
competencies/abilities to read aloud expressively and to help their
students to overcome the ir own difficulties when practicing this
kind of reading. In our opinio n, supervisors will play an important
role in achieving this goal
Mapas e Hipermapas Quirais
No full textMestrado em MatemáticaNeste trabalho são estudadas diferentes formas de manipular
mapas e hipermapas quirais. O objectivo é relacionar algumas
propriedades, tais como o género e o número de hiperfaces, com a
noção de quiralidade. A discussão destes tópicos tem como base
os artigos: Chiral triangular maps and non-symmetric Riemann
Surfaces (G.A. Jones, David Singerman e Steve Wilson) e Chiral
Hypermaps with few hyperfaces (António Breda D’Azevedo e
Roman Nedela).In this work, we study different approaches to chiral maps and hypermaps.
The aim is to relate some properties, like genus or number of hyperfaces,
with the chirality notion. The discussion of these topics is
mainly based on the articles: Chiral triangular maps and non-symmetric
Riemann Surfaces (G.A. Jones, David Singerman and Steve Wilson) and
Chiral Hypermaps with few hyperfaces (António Breda D’Azevedo and
Roman Nedela)
A decision-support system for sustainable urban metabolism in Europe
No full textUrban metabolism components define the energy and material exchanges within a city and, therefore, can provide valuable information on the environmental quality of urban areas. Assessing the potential impact of urban planning alternatives on urban metabolism components (such as energy, water, carbon and pollutants fluxes) can provide a quantitative estimation of their sustainability performance. Urban metabolism impact assessment can, therefore, contribute to the identification of sustainable urban structures with regards, for example, to building types, materials and layout, as well as to location and capacity of transportation and infrastructural developments. In this way, it enables the formulation of planning and policy recommendations to promote efficient use of resources and enhance environmental quality in urban areas.The European FP7 project BRIDGE (sustainaBle uRban plannIng Decision support accountinG for urban mEtabolism) has developed a decision- support system (DSS) that systematically integrates urban metabolism components into impact assessment processes with the aim of accurately quantifying the potential effects of proposed planning interventions. The DSS enables integration of multiple spatial and non-spatial datasets (e.g. physical flows of energy and material with variables of social and economic change) in a systematic manner to obtain spatially defined assessment results and to thus inform planners and decision-makers. This multi-criteria approach also enables incorporation of stakeholders' perceptions in order to prioritise decisive assessment criteria. This paper describes the methodological framework used to develop the DSS and critically examines the results of its practical application in five European cities
An evaluation of some issues regarding the use of aethalometers to measure woodsmoke concentrations
No full textRecent papers have described the use of both seven-wavelength and two-wavelength aethalometers to estimate the concentration of woodsmoke in the atmosphere. This application depends upon the enhanced absorption of woodsmoke at UV wavelengths relative to that of traffic particles which is quantified by the aethalometer. This paper draws together evidence from a number of experimental data sources which challenges the reliability of woodsmoke concentration estimates derived from aethalometer measurements. One crucial aspect is the selection of an Ångstrom exponent ( α) for woodsmoke, and our experimental data from a wood combustion source suggest that, consistent with other published data, this is highly variable. The outputs of the "aethalometer model" for estimating woodsmoke mass are sensitive to this parameter and there is currently no way to select the optimum value of α for woodsmoke, which may vary with location as it will depend upon the type of wood fuel and the combustion conditions. Examples are included demonstrating the sensitivity of the aethalometer model to the choice of α values for traffic and woodsmoke. Additionally, analysis of data for UVPM (Delta-C) from an aethalometer network shows facets in the data which cast doubt on the reliability of the method. In particular, the small seasonal variation of UVPM at a London background site in comparison to other woodsmoke markers and its greater similarity to that of black carbon suggests that there are probably other UV absorbing contributors than woodsmoke to the aethalometer signal. Considerable caution should be exercised in interpreting aethalometer data as offering quantitative estimates of woodsmoke concentrations, and a number of questions are posed which need to be addressed before aethalometers can be used with confidence to give quantitative estimates of woodsmoke concentrations in a range of environments
Sucessão em comunidades de macrofauna bentónica sob influência de enriquecimento orgânico antropogénico no estuário do Sado
No full textMestrado em Ciências das Zonas CosteirasNeste trabalho e analisada a sucessão em povoamentos de macrofauna bentónica submetidos a enriquecimento
orgânico antropogénico em duas área do esluário do Sado, localizadas junto ao efluente urbano de Setúbal e ao
efluente industrial de uma indústria de celulose.
Efectuou-se uma amostragem espacial em estações predeterminadas em torno da saída do efluente em cada
local, recolhendo-se sedimento superficial e material biólogco. As estações de amostragem são caracterizadas
individualmente segundo variáveis físicas, materia orgânica total no sedimento, granulometria e as variáveis
biológicas riqueza específica, abundância, biomassa, diversidade (H'and N2) e regularidade (J' e relação de
Hill). Efectua-se uma análise de classificação para detectar grupos de afinidade ambiental e biológica. Nestes
últimos aplicam-se os métodos de análise de estados de perturbação nas comunidades de macrofauna
bentónica.
A comunidade macrobêntica apresenta sintomas de perturbação apenas nas estações situadas imediatamente B
saida dos efluentes. Nos dois locais estudados verificam-se padrões diferentes nos estados de sucessão da
comunidade, em consonancia com a microdistribuição dos parâmetros ambientais e circulação: na área do
efluente industrial é mais homogéneo que na area do efluente urbano de Setúbal.
Niveis taxonómicos de identificação diferentes (espécie, família e filo) indicam o mesmo padrão de variação
geral, diferindo, no entanto quando se entra num maior pormenor espacial, principalnente na área de Setúbal.The succession of communities of macrobenthic invertebrates in two areas of the Sado estuary submitted to a
gradient of anthropogenic organic enrichment is analysed. These areas are sited in the vicinity of the Setúbal'
s urban effluent and in the vicinity of an paper mill factory' S effluent.
Total organic matter and granulometry in the superficial sediment were the environmental variables analysed
individually for each sampling station, together with the macrofauna. The biological characterization employs
the variables species richness, abundance and biomass, mean abundance per species, mean biomass per
individual, along with two diversity indices, H'and N2, and two regularity indices, J' and Hill' s relation. The
methods of analysing the state of disturbance of macrofaunal communities - rarefaction curves, K-curves and
ABC method - are applied to the afinity groups defined by a multivariate classification analysis.
The macrobenthic communinity shows symptoms of disturbance only in the samples nearby the sewage and
industrial effluent outfall and follows a sucession which agrees with the SAB model.
The two areas studied differ in the spatial pattern of sucession, which agrees with the local water circulation,
one being more heterogenous than the other. Different levels of taxonomic identification - species, family and
phylum - show the same general spatial pattern in the outcome of the classification analysis, but the phylum
level is less accurate in detecting intermediate stages of the-sucession, specially in the more heterogeneous
area
Temporal changes in the trophic ecology of the asymbiotic gorgonian Leptogorgia virgulata
No full textGorgonians are widespread sub-littoral benthic suspension feeders in the world oceans. However, data on their trophic ecology and role in benthic–pelagic coupling and biogeochemical cycles remain limited. This study assesses the trophic ecology of Leptogorgia virgulata in the Skidaway River estuary, USA (31.9896N, 81.0242W) by analysing carbon and nitrogen isotopic signatures of its soft tissue and different-sized fractions of particulate organic matter (POM) in its environment. Samples were taken in 5 April, 2 August, and 15 October 2012 and 11 January 2013. Results support a distinct temporal shift in the diet of L. virgulata from the POM fraction <10 µm (i.e. pico- and nanoplankton) to the 10–63-µm fraction (i.e. microplankton). This trophic regime is likely associated with the natural abundance of prey items within these size classes, thus suggesting that L. virgulata may be an opportunistic feeder, and seasonal shifts in food availability in the water column affect its diet. As such small prey items affect the bioenergetics of L. virgulata, it is important to understand the implications of changes in food availability associated with environmental drivers on the physiology and population dynamics of this dominant species in the western Atlantic Ocean
A case study of the use of GPR for rehabilitation of a classified Art Deco building: The InovaDomus house
No full textAncient buildings in historical town centers can be protected by Cultural Heritage legislation, thus implying that any rehabilitation must respect their main architectural features. These concerns also apply to Modern and Contemporary buildings, in particular if they are important examples of architectural styles from those periods.
These extra problems, or motivations, add to the inherent structural delicacy of ancient building restoration that requires detailed knowledge of the building foundations, characteristics and materials, modification history, infrastructure mapping, current pathologies, etc., all relevant information for an informed rehabilitation project.
Such knowledge is seldom available before the actual rehabilitation works begin, and the usual invasive preliminary surveys are frequently expensive, time-consuming and likely significantly alter/damage the building's main features or structural integrity. Hence, the current demand for indirect, non-invasive, reliable and high resolution imagery techniques able to produce relevant information at the early stages of a rehabilitation project.
The present work demonstrates that Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR or Georadar) surveys can provide a priori knowledge on the structure, construction techniques, materials, history and pathologies in a classified Modern Age building. It is also shown that the use of GPR on these projects requires carefully designed surveys, taking into account the known information, spatial constraints, environmental noise, nature and dimensions of the expected targets and suitable data processing sequences.
Thus, if properly applied, GPR produces high-resolution results crucial for sound engineering/architectural interventions aiming to restore and renovate Modern and Contemporary buildings, with (1) focus on the overall quality of the end-result, (2) no damage inflicted to the existing structure, (3) respect of the building's historical coherence and architectural elements and characteristics, that is, its Cultural Heritage value.
Most of the findings and applications discussed in this work can be seen as an approximation to model studies, so that, relevant information can be drawn from the different investigated situations. Therefore, owing to the nature and the range of the problems encountered in this case study, it is also expected that the presented GPR data and interpretation will provide important clues and guidance in the planning and investigation of similar projects and problems
A evolução do turismo na Madeira no período de 1975 a 2000: análise dos indicadores estatísticos disponíveis e grau de interesse e de fiabilidade na medição e projecção da evoluçao do sector do turismo
No full textMestrado em Inovação e Políticas de DesenvolvimentoEsta dissertação tem por objectivo contribuir para um melhor conhecimento
do fenómeno turístico na Região Autónoma da Madeira e aferir se as
instituições existentes a nível da produção e tratamento estatístico são
suficientes ou se porventura a Região necessita de um organismo que
concentre toda a informação turística e se preocupe com a investigação
contínua na área do turismo, visando a formulação de estratégias
promocionais e de marketing, assegurando um desenvolvimento sustentado
do sector.
O trabalho assenta em quatro partes. A primeira apresenta uma reflexão
histórica do turismo em Portugal e na Madeira em específico. A segunda
aborda a evolução do turismo da Madeira no período compreendido entre
1975 a 2000, onde é analisado alguns indicadores do sector. A terceira está
reservada ao tratamento e análise dos resultados obtidos a partir do
questionário realizado a várias instituições públicas e privadas que
“consomem” estatísticas do turismo. Finalmente, a quarta apresenta os
resultados das entrevistas efectuadas a personalidades da Madeira
responsáveis pelo sector do turismo.
O planeamento turístico é um processo contínuo e evolutivo, sendo
fundamental para qualquer região que tenha no turismo a sua principal fonte
de receitas.
Nos 25 anos analisados, os 6 principais mercados turísticos da Madeira
foram sempre Portugal, Alemanha, Reino Unido, Suécia Bélgica e
Dinamarca. O número de estabelecimentos hoteleiros aumentaram de forma
significativa, de 88 em 1975, passou para 261 em 2000 e o número de
camas de 8.433 passou para 24.520. O pessoal ao serviço na hotelaria
quase duplicou, pois de 3.333 em 1975, passou para 6.265 em 2000,
correspondendo a 8% da população activa da RAM. As taxas de ocupação
ao longo dos 25 anos mantiveram-se quase sempre acima dos 50%.
Quanto ao estudo de caso, verificou-se que 72,3% dos inquiridos concorda
com a existência de um organismo que concentre toda a informação
turística e 84,2% acha que o mesmo é de interesse para as instituições
públicas e privadas. Consideram ainda os indicadores do turismo
fundamentais no estudo do turismo, sendo por isso importante analisá-los
periodicamente, como forma de medir, avaliar e planificar o futuro do sector.
No tocante às entrevistas efectuadas, verificou-se que quase todos
consideraram que o tratamento das estatísticas do turismo deveriam estar
centralizadas numa única instituição e que a realização periódica de estudos
permitem inovar, gerir e requalificar o sector, tendo por base estruturante a
trilogia Produto/Promoção/Pessoal, a fim de alcançar uma consciência
Turística. Concordam com o Observatório do Turismo, embora questionem
se este deverá continuar a depender do Governo da República ou deverá
ser regionalizado.The aim of this essay is to contribute to a better knowledge of the touristic phenomenon i
the Região Autónoma da Madeira and to check whether the existing institutions in the
production and statistic treatment are enough or if an organism which concentrates all t
information in this area, is needed, and whose aim is to investigate continually in the ar
of tourism, regarding the formulation of promotion strategies and marketing, insuring a
sustained development in the sector.
The work is divided into four parts. The first represents an historic reflection of the touris
in Portugal and in Madeira specifically. The second one is about the evolution of touris
Madeira between 1975 and 2000, where some indicators of the sector are analysed
third is reserved to the treatment and analyses of the results based on the questionn
done to several institutions, private and public who “consume” tourism statistics. Finall
fourth presents the results of the interviews effectuated to several personalities of Madeir
directly or indirectly related to this sector. The touristic planning is a continuum
evolutive process, and fundamental to any region who has tourism has its main sourc
income.
The 25 years analysed, the six main touristic markets of Madeira were always Port
Germany, United Kingdom, Sweden, Belgium and Denmark. The number of
institutions grow significantly, from 88 in 1975, to 216 in 2000 and the number of beds fro
8.433 to 24.520. The staff in service in the hotel institutions almost duplicate, from 3.333 i
1975 to 6.265 in 2000 corresponding to 8% of the active population of the RAM
occupation rate during the last twenty five years were almost above 50%. Regarding t
study case, we verified that 72,3% of the inquired people agree with the existence o
organism which concentrates all the touristic information and 84,2% believes that it is ver
important for private and public institutions. They also considerer the tourism indicator
fundamental tool in the study of tourism therefore it is important to analyse t
periodically as a way to measure, evaluate and plan the future of the sector.
Regarding the interviews effectuated, it was verified that almost everybody
considered the treatment of tourism statistics should be centralised in an unique
institution and that the periodical realisation of studies allow to innovate, manage and
requalify the sector, having as structure base the triad Product/Promotion/Staff, in
order to obtain a touristic conscious. They also agree with the Tourism Observatory,
though they question if the same should depend on Republic Government or should
be Regionalised
Non-IP Multi-protocol Stack for Vehicular Communications
No full textWireless vehicular communications are gaining momentum, mainly to improve road safety through the use of cooperative systems. Such visionary cooperative applica- tions are based on recently established families of standards, notably the IEEE Wireless Access for Vehicular Environ- ment (WAVE) and the ETSI ITS G5. Despite some relevant differences, both family of standards share the same phys- ical and MAC layers, described in the IEEE 802.11:2012 - amendment 6, also know as IEEE 802.11p. Due to the char- acteristics of the wireless communications in vehicular envi- ronment, e.g., high-speed mobility causing unpredictable time-varying changes in connectivity, IP protocols are not suitable for safety communications as they require channel scanning, authentication and association under strict time limits. Safety vehicular communications rely, instead on non-IP protocols, either the WAVE Short Message Proto- col (WSMP) or the FAST Network and Transport Protocol (FNTP). In this paper, we explore some of the challenges of implementing such protocols, and designed an architecture for a stack capable of handling both standards. The proposed architecture, including the communication and transport layers of the stack, was implemented in a custom ETSI ITS G5 compliant platform (IT2S), and its performance was assessed using a prototype
Survey on low power real-time wireless MAC protocols
No full textWireless low-power technologies have been the focus of a large research effort, for example, in the wireless sensor network and other short range technologies domains. Although bringing extended autonomy to battery powered stations, such technologies are known to be negatively influenced by similar technologies contending for the medium and, especially, by technologies using higher power transmissions over the same frequency bands. A frequency band that is becoming increasingly crowded with competing technologies is the 2.4 GHz Industrial, Scientific and Medical band, encompassing, for example, Bluetooth and ZigBee, two low-power communication standards which are the base of several real-time protocols. Although these technologies employ mechanisms to improve their coexistence, they are still vulnerable to transmissions from uncoordinated stations with similar technologies or to higher power technologies such as Wi- Fi, which hinders the support of wireless dependable real-time communications in open environments. Therefore, this survey presents a comprehensive study of the most commonly used wireless low-power technologies operating in the 2.4 GHz Industrial, Scientific and Medical (ISM) band and real-time protocols built upon them. The survey of the real-time protocols using these technologies is focused on factory automation applications, due to their more demanding timeliness and reliability requirements