Niigata University Medical and Dental Hospital
Niigata University Academic RepositoryNot a member yet
33813 research outputs found
Sort by
Weight measurement techniques for dairy cows under free posture conditions using mathematical models and image analysis
Get PDF新潟大学Niigata University博士（農学）Body weight is an important indicator for monitoring the growth and health conditions of cattle. It is also frequently used as an indicator for evaluating livestock productivity and breeding selection. However, weighing is not widely carried out due to the need for expensive equipment, the labor intensive and the risks involved in measurement. Therefore, more effort-saving and simple weight estimation techniques need to be developed. If weight measurement technology can be developed using images taken of cows, expensive measuring equipment will no longer be necessary. In addition, the need for contact with the cow's body will be eliminated, which will lead to reduced labor and safety in the measurement process. Thus, this paper aims to develop a new weight estimation technique for dairy cows under free-posture conditions using images, and therefore, a photography technique for weight measurement was developed (Study I), and a cow weight estimation model considering free posture and growth stage was constructed (Study II). In Study I, we proposed a technique for photographing cows raised under grazing pasture and free barn conditions. By using a simple gimbal and a long stick, the camera could always be pointed vertically to the top of the cow. This photographic equipment is lightweight, making it portable to the free barn and pasture, and can acquire upper body images in the standing and lying positions. Therefore, it is expected to be applied to weight estimation technology from images. In addition, this imaging device is inexpensive and easy to make. Trainable Weka Segmentation (TWS), a machine learning technique, was shown to be effective in extracting cow body regions from images in grassland. This technique can extract body regions of different cows in free-posture, using a training model created from only one individual. In Study II, dairy cows at different life stages were photographed from above in both lying and standing positions. Several body-shape indices were measured based on the captured images, and relationships with body weights were analyzed. From these relationships, we created models to estimate body weights using shape indices based on all of the data for each life stage of multiparous cows and heifers of more/less than 250 kg. In both standing and lying positions, area measurements of the upper portion of the body had the highest correlations with body weight. In the model using all of the data, predicted body weights varied most for cattle that were multiparous, and were underestimated for low-body weight cattle. In the models of the standing and lying positions created for each life stage, body weight was estimated with high accuracy, except in the case of multiparous cattle. No bias was shown between body weights in the standing and lying positions. These results imply that cow body weights can be estimated using photographs of standing and lying cattle. These results indicate that the image-based dairy cow weight measurement technique presented in this study has advantages not found in existing weight measurement techniques, such as: 1) measurement can be done in the presence of cows in pastures or barns, 2) measurement can be done under free posture conditions of standing or lying cows, 3) the labor and risk involved in gathering, leading, and holding cows in posture during measurement can be eliminated, and 4) stress on cows during measurement is reduced.新大院博(農)第234
Relation between Poorly Differentiated Clusters and Lymph Node Metastasis of pT1 (SM) colorectal carcinoma.
Get PDF新潟大学Niigata University博士（医学）低分化胞巣は“間質浸潤を呈する癌胞巣の中で，5個以上の細胞から構成され，腺腔形成が乏しい癌胞巣”と定義され，大腸癌の予後不良因子の一つとされている．本研究では，低分化胞巣のpT1(SM)大腸癌のリンパ節転移との関係を検討し，そのリンパ節転移リスク因子としての有用性について考察した．リンパ節郭清がなされたホルマリン固定外科切除大腸pT1(SM)癌221例を対象に，大腸癌取扱い規約に従い，癌の主組織型，SM浸潤距離，脈管侵襲(リンパ管侵襲:Lyと静脈侵襲:V)の有無，簇出のGrade，低分化胞巣の出現の有無，を検索した．対象例のリンパ節転移率は8.6%であった．低分化胞巣は221例中の102例(46.2%)に認められた．各病理組織因子とリンパ節転移との相関では，単変量解析でLy, 簇出, 低分化胞巣がリンパ節転移と有意に相関していた(P<0.0001, P=0.027, P<0.0001)．多変量解析では，Lyと低分化胞巣のみが独立したリンパ節転移リスク因子であった(P=0.021, P=0.013)．各病理組織因子と低分化胞巣との相関では，SM浸潤距離1,000μm以上，Ly陽性，簇出Grade 2/3の病変で，有意に低分化胞巣出現頻度が高かった(全てP<0.001). 低分化胞巣が出現していた102例では，67.6%で簇出と出現部位が重複していた．重複例は，簇出Grade1で56.5%，Grade 2/3で90.0%であり，簇出Grade 2/3で有意に低分化胞巣との重複頻度が高かった(P=0.0005)．低分化胞巣はHE染色標本でも評価が容易であり，免疫染色等の併用も不要であることから，pT1(SM)大腸癌のリンパ節転移を予測する簡便かつ正確性，再現性の高い病理組織因子として有用と考えられた．また，簇出と密接な関連があることから，低分化胞巣は簇出の代用になりうる可能性があると同時に，癌組織型の最低分化度も代表しうる組織因子である可能性も示唆された．これらのことから，癌の組織型と簇出の2因子を包括し，pT1(SM)大腸癌のリンパ節転移予測病理組織因子の軽減にも寄与することが期待される．新大院博(医)第1101
最適なパラメータチューニングによる尿沈渣結晶の深層学習を用いた分類
Get PDF新潟大学Niigata University博士（医学）The examination of urinary sediment crystals, the sedimentary components of urine, is useful in screening tests, and is always performed in medical examinations. The examination of urinary sediment crystals is typically done by classifying them under a microscope. Although automated analyzers are commercially available, manual classification is required, which is time-consuming and varies depending on the technologist performing the test and the laboratory. A set of test images was created, consisting of training, validation, and test images. The training images were transformed and augmented using various methods. The test images were classified to determine the patterns that could be correctly classified. Convolutional neural networks were used for training. Furthermore, we also considered the case where the crystal subcategories were not treated as separate. Learning with all parameters except the random cropping parameter showed the highest accuracy value. Treating the subcategories together or separately did not seem to affect the accuracy value. The accuracy of the best pattern was 0.918. When matched to a real-world case, the percentage of correct answers was 88%. Although the number of images was limited, good results were obtained in the classification of crystal images with optimal parameter tuning. The parameter optimization performed in this study can be used as a reference for future studies, with the goal of image classification by deep learning in clinical practice.Scientific Reports. 2022, 12, 21178.新大院博(医)第1115
日本人統合失調症患者におけるSETD1A遺伝子の新規のミスセンス変異 : リシーケンスと関連解析
Get PDF新潟大学Niigata University博士（医学）SETD1A has been identified as a substantial risk gene for schizophrenia. To further investigate the role of SETD1A in the genetic etiology of schizophrenia in the Japanese population, we performed resequencing and association analyses. First, we resequenced the SETD1A coding regions of 974 patients with schizophrenia. Then, we genotyped variants, prioritized via resequencing, in 2,027 patients with schizophrenia and 2,664 controls. Next, we examined the association between SETD1A and schizophrenia in 3,001 patients with schizophrenia and 2,664 controls. Finally, we performed a retrospective chart review of patients with prioritized SETD1A variants. We identified two novel missense variants (p.Ser575Pro and p.Glu857Gln) via resequencing. We did not detect these variants in 4,691 individuals via genotyping. These variants were not significantly associated with schizophrenia in the association analysis. Additionally, we found that a schizophrenia patient with the p.Glu857Gln variant had developmental delays. In conclusion, novel SETD1A missense variants were exclusively identified in Japanese patients with schizophrenia. However, our study does not provide evidence for the contribution of these variants to the genetic etiology of schizophrenia in the Japanese population.Psychiatry Research. 2022, 310, 114481.新大院博(医)第1133
マウス薬剤耐性肺炎球菌性肺炎モデルにおけるヒノキチオールの重症肺炎治療効果
Get PDF新潟大学Niigata University博士（歯学）Streptococcus pneumoniae is often isolated from patients with community-acquired pneumonia. Antibiotics are the primary line of treatment for pneumococcal pneumonia; however, rising antimicrobial resistance is becoming more prevalent. Hinokitiol, which is isolated from trees in the cypress family, has been demonstrated to exert antibacterial activity against S. pneumoniae in vitro regardless of antimicrobial resistance. In this study, the efficacy of hinokitiol was investigated in a mouse pneumonia model. Male 8-week-old BALB/c mice were intratracheally infected with S. pneumoniae strains D39 (antimicrobial susceptible) and NU4471 (macrolide resistant). After 1 h, hinokitiol was injected via the tracheal route. Hinokitiol significantly decreased the number of S. pneumoniae in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) and the concentration of pneumococcal DNA in the serum, regardless of whether bacteria were resistant or susceptible to macrolides. In addition, hinokitiol decreased the infiltration of neutrophils in the lungs, as well as the concentration of inflammatory cytokines in the BALF and serum. Repeated hinokitiol injection at 18 h intervals showed downward trend in the number of S. pneumoniae in the BALF and the concentration of S. pneumoniae DNA in the serum with the number of hinokitiol administrations. These findings suggest that hinokitiol reduced bacterial load and suppressed excessive host immune response in the pneumonia mouse model. Accordingly, hinokitiol warrants further exploration as a potential candidate for the treatment of pneumococcal pneumonia.PLoS ONE. 2023, 15(10), e0240329.新大院博(歯)第545
