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Karakaya Baraj Gölü’ndeki kafes balıkçılığının ticari av kompozisyonuna etkisinin araştırılması
No full textBu çalışma, Nisan 2012 ile Aralık 2012 tarihleri arasında Karakaya Baraj Gölü’nün 10. Avlak sahasında gerçekleştirilmiştir. Çalışmanın amacı Karakaya Baraj Gölü’ndeki kafes balıkçılığının ticari av kompozisyonuna etkisinin araştırılmasıdır. Pilot bölge olarak kafeslerde gökkuşağı alabalığı yetiştiriciliğinin en yoğun yapıldığı 10. Avlak sahası seçilmiştir. Araştırmada 80, 100, 120 ve 140 mm ağ göz açıklığında, 0,50 donam faktörüne göre donatılmış, 100 m uzunluğunda ve 50 göz derinliğinde monofilament sade uzatma ağları kullanılmıştır. Yapılan 18 avcılık denemesinde 11 farklı türe ait toplam 1094 adet balık yakalanmıştır. Morfometrik özellikleri belirlenen balıkların tür teşhisi ilgili literatüre göre yapılmıştır. Yapılan değerlendirmede, Karakaya Baraj Gölü 10. avlak sahasının av kompozisyonunun % 34,2’sinin Gökkuşağı alabalığı (Oncorhynchus mykiss (W., 1792)), % 22,5’inin Karabalık (Capoeta trutta (Heckel, 1843)), % 11,6’sının Sazan (Cyprinus carpio carpio (Linnaeus, 1758)), % 8,7’sinin Siraz (Capoeta umbla (Heckel, 1843)), % 6,8’nin Kababurun (Chondrostoma regium (Heckel, 1843)), % 7,2’sinin Tatlısu kefali (Squalius cephalus (Linnaeus, 1758)), % 4,0’ünün Havuz balığı (Carassius gibelio (Bloch, 1782)), % 2,5’inin Akçapak balığı (Acanthobrama marmid Heckel, 1843), % 0,8’inin Sis balığı (Aspius vorax Heckel, 1843), % 0,2’sinin Gümüş balığı (Alburnus mossulensis Heckel, 1843), % 1,3’ünün Sirink (Luciobarbus mystaceus (Pallas, 1814)) ve % 0,3’ünün Cero (Luciobarbarbus esocinus Heckel, 1843)’dan oluştuğu belirlenmiştir. Sonuç olarak, işletmelerden kaçarak populasyon oluşturan gökkuşağı alabalığının söz konusu avlak sahasında doğal türlere oranla daha baskın duruma geldiği tespit edilmiştir. Alabalık işletmeciliğinin baraj gölünün geneline yayılması durumunda benzer durumun tüm baraj gölünde oluşacağı öngörülmektedir
Sınıf Öğretmenlerinin Mesleki Gelişim Eğitimlerine İlişkin Genel Görüşlerinin Belirlenmesi
No full textToplum olarak ilerlemek ve gelişmiş ülkelerin refah düzeyine ulaşmak, okullarda iyi bir eğitimin verilmesiyle mümkün olur. Okullarda verilen eğitimin niteliğinin arttırılması, öğretmenlerin niteliğinin arttırılması ile sağlanır. Bu çalışma ile ilkokullarda ders yılı başında ve ders yılı sonunda olmak üzere yılda iki defa yapılan mesleki gelişim eğitimleri (seminer çalışmaları) hakkında sınıf öğretmenlerinin genel görüşlerinin belirlemesi
amaçlanmaktadır. Bu amaçla hazırlanan dört adet açık uçlu soru görüşleri alınmak üzere rastgele yöntemle seçilmiş 60 öğretmene sorulmuştur. Elde edilen verilerin analizinde nitel araştırmaların çözümlenmesinde kullanılan içerik analiz yöntemi kullanılmıştır. Araştırmanın sonucunda öğretmenler, mesleki gelişim eğitimi kapsamında yürütülen çalışmaların amacını; yenilikleri takip etmek, haberdar etmek ve eksiklikleri gidermek olarak belirlerken, öğretmenlerin birçoğu bu çalışmalarının kendilerine katkı sağlamadığını düşünmektedir. Öğretmenler zaman açısından mesleki gelişim çalışmalarının şimdi olduğu gibi sene başı ve sene sonunda olmak üzere yılda iki defa yapılmasının ya da süreç içine yayılarak yapılmasının daha uygun olacağını belirtmişlerdir. Ayrıca öğretmenler, mesleki gelişim eğitimlerinde, ilgi ve ihtiyaçlarının dikkate alınması, çalışmaların uygulamaya dönük olması ve alanında uzman kişilerin bu çalışmalarda görev almasının etkililik açısından fayda sağlayacağını düşünmektedirler
Türk Düşüncesinin Oluşum Süreci
No full textTürk Felsefi düşüncesinin oluşumundaki dönemler ve önemli düşünce adamları dört ayrı bölümde incelenmekte ve gelişim dönemleri ve sebepleri irdelenmektedir
“Evaluation of C-Reactive Protein Levels in Liver and Gill Tissues of Capoeta umbla (Heckel, 1843) as an Indicator of Water Quality”
No full textObjective: It was aimed to monitor water quality of Uzuncayir Dam Lake by using
the changes of C-Reactive Protein (CRP) levels in liver and gill tissues of Capoeta umbla
(Heckel, 1843) at different ten sites.
Methods: In this study, ten sampling sites were determined. The general
physicochemical parameters of the water were measured at each sampling site during each
fish-sampling period. The pH, temperature, the dissolved oxygen (DO) level were detected
with the handheld multiparameter (YSI Professional Plus). Capoeta umbla (Heckel, 1843)
was used as the indicator organism. Captured fishes were placed in plastic bags, and
anaesthetized immediately 0.7 g 1·1 benzocaine dissolved in ethyl alcohol and observed
anesthesia of fish being deep sedation, losing of swimming actions and partial losing of
equilibrium. They transported to laboratory in freezer bags with ice. Liver and gill tissues of
fish were dissected. Tissues were rinsed with 0.9 % NaCI. The samples for analysis were
homogenized in PBS buffer (pH 7.4). The homogenate was centrifuged (15.000 g, 10 min,
4°C), and supernatants, if not used immediately, were kept in the deep freeze at -70 °C. CReactive
Protein levels were determined in samples of the liver and gill tissues by using
ELISA kit.
Results and Discussion: No significant differences were found between March and
September in liver of C. umbla caught from Uzuncayir Dam Lake (p>0.05). Statistical
analysis results represent that significant differences were found for liver CRP levels between
all sites in March (p0.05). In gills, no significant differences
were found for CRP levels between the sites in March (p> 0.05). When compared March and
September, CRP levels in gill tissues on site 3 were found statistically significant (p>0.05).
The assessment of the CRP level in the tissues of fish may be utilized as a primary
bioindicator of a contaminated environment toxic enough to mount an acute phase response
“Use of Acetylcholinesterase, Glutathiones-Transferase and Cytochrome P450 1A1 in Capoeta umbla as Biomarkers for Monitoring of Pollution in Uzuncayir Dam Lake (Tunceli, Turkey)”
No full textUzuncayir Dam Lake is one of the most important water bodies in Tunceli. It is pollutedby domestic wastewaters together with natural contamination and pesticides, which havehad cumulatively negative effects. This study analyzes the effects of pollution by usingthe fish species, Capoeta umbla as a sentinel species, with a biomarker approach. Theapproach comprehends a general biomarker of individual fish health, the condition factorand specific biomarkers of contaminant exposure such as glutathione S-transferase (GST)and cytochrome P450 1A1 (CYP1A1) and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity. The generalwater physico-chemical parameters were measured at each sampling sites during each fish-sampling period. Strong seasonal and locational variations were observed among selectedmarkers.In conclusion, the multibiomarker approach used in the present study clearly revealed dif-ferences in the fish health among reference and potentially contaminated sites. The studyshows that changes of biomarkers such as acetylcholinesterase, glutathione S-transferaseand cytochrome P450 1A1 might be useful for the assessment of environmental contamina-tion in the Uzuncayir Dam Lake (Tunceli, Turkey)
Gillnet Selectivity for Luciobarbus esocinus (Heckel, 1843) in Keban Dam Lake, Elazig, Turkey
No full textA study was conducted to determine the selectivity of monofilament gillnets with mesh sizes of 50, 60, and
70 mm that are used in Keban Dam Lake for fishing Luciobarbus esocinus (Heckel, 1843). During the study, a total of 394 L. esocinus were caught. Selectivity parameters were estimated using the indirect estimation method developed by Holt (1963). Optimum selection lengths for L. esocinus were calculated to be 36.61, 43.94 and 51.26 cm for gillnets with mesh sizes of 50, 60, and 70 mm, respectively. Common selectivity factor was estimated to be 7.32, with standard deviation 4.58. Length at first maturity of female L. esocinus (50 cm) was compared to the optimum selection lengths of gillnets with mesh sizes of 50, 60, and 70 mm. Results indicate that gillnets with mesh size of 70 mm would be appropriate for harvesting L. esocinus in the Keban Dam Lake, as the optimum selection length (51.26 cm) is greater than length at first maturity
Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of PM Fe-Cu-Al 2O3 Alloys
No full textThe purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of Cu addition on the microstructure and mechanical properties of PM Fe-Cu-Al2O3 alloys produced using hot-pressing method. Copper powder was added to iron powder at 5 wt.%, 10 wt.% and 15 wt.% rates. Production of Fe-Cu-Al2O3 alloys was carried out under pressure of 35 MPa, at 750, 800 and 850C , and for a sintering time of 4 minutes. Microstructure phase composition, relative density, hardness, and transverse rupture strength of the alloys were investigated. Phase composition and microstructure of the alloys were characterised by optical microscopy, X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscope (SEM-EDS) techniques. The transverse rupture strength (TRS) of the samples was assessed by means of a three-point bending test. Hardness of Fe-Cu-Al2O3 alloys changed between 57 HB and 110 HB depending on the amount of Cu and sintering temperature. Results show that the TRS of the alloys decreased together with the increase in the amount of copper, while it increased with increasing sintering temperature
Evaluation of Antioxidant Properties, Elemental and Phenolic Contents Composition of Wild Nettle (Urtica Dioica L.) from Tunceli, Turkey,
No full textWild nettle (Urtica dioica L.) types were sampled from different geographical regions in Tunceli (Turkey) to determine their mineral, vitamin, phenolic contents and their antioxidant properties. The total phenol varied from 37.419±0.380 to 19.182±1.00 mg of GAEs g-1 of dry nettle. The highest radical scavenging effect was observed in Mazgirt parting of the ways 7.5 km with 33.70±0.849 mg mL-1. The highest reducing power was observed in the nettles from Mazgirt parting of the ways 7.5 km. Among the various macronutrients estimated in the plant samples, potassium was present in the highest quantity followed by calcium and phosphate. Kaempferol and resveratrol were not determined in some nettle samples but rutin levels were determined in all samples. Vitamin A concentrations were ranged between 13.64±1.90 and 5.74±1.00 (mg kg-1 dry weight). These results show that Urtica dioica L. collected from Tunceli in Turkey could be considered as a natural alternative source for food, pharmacology and medicine sectors
Karakter-Kişilik Oluşumunda Toplumun Genel Bakışının Etkisi’
No full textKarakter oluşumunda çevre ve yan etkenler değerlendirilmektedir
Observation of triplet traces obtained with Inversion Recovery method in both residual water and H2O D2O albumin mixture by using 400 MHz Proton NMR
No full textNMR studies involving H2O/D2O mixtures are mainly based on a single spectrum of water. However, some recent papers have revealed the presence of an HDO triplet in H2O/D2O, which is caused by the splittings of H2O signal by deuterium (D). Observation of inversion recovery (IR) traces of this triplet should be very useful for analyzing relaxation data in such mixtures. In this work, in order to obtain the traces, inversion recovery signal intensities of residual water and a mixture of 0.10 H2O and 0.90 D2O were acquired versus a set of short delay times in the presence or absense of 0.2 g albumin. T1 and T2 curves of the same samples were also obtained by using different sets of much longer times for checking the effect of radiation damping on the traces. Experiments were carried out with a 400 MHz proton NMR spectrometer equipped with a topspin programme for relaxation measurements. Inversion recovery data of the traces and T1 curves were obtained with the inversion recovery method, while T2 curves were obtained with the Carr-Purcell-Meiboom-Gill method. Data was processed through an analysis programme of the topspin. Data showed that radiation damping is effectively reduced upon addition of albumin. Furthermore, the data of the residual water- and the mixture with albumin demonstrated the traces of the triplet at the initial part of a single inversion recovery line. Our results suggest that the splitting of water proton signal by deuterium can be detectable by the inversion recovery method for D2O- and the mixture containing albumin