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“Biochemical Impacts of The Textile Dyes Remazol Brillant Blue R and Congo Red on the Crayfish Astacus leptodactylus (Decapoda, Astacidae)”
No full textIn this study, we determined the effects of the textile dyes Remazol Brillant Blue R (RBBR)
and Congo Red (CR) on the enzymatic activities of Glutathione S-Transferase (GST), cytochrome
P450 (CYP1A1) and Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), in hepatopancreas of Astacus leptodactylus. The
crayfishes were exposed to 0.5, 1.0, and 2.0 mg/l of RBBR or CR, for 24 and 48 h. The recorded GST
activity clearly increased after 24 or 48 h exposure to CR, compared to a control group (p<0.05),
but the changes of GST activity depending on time and dose were not statistically significant in the
RRBR group (p>0.05). The activity of CYP1A1 generally decreased, but LDH activity increased
in the groups exposed to different doses of CR and RBBR, when compared to their control groups.
Detoxification enzymes (as GST, and CYP1A1) and metabolic enzymes (as LDH) can be proven to
make useful markers for further evaluating the physiological effects of CR and RBBR on crayfish
Antioxidant Response in Duckweed After Exposure to Secondary Effluent from Municipal Wastewater Treatment Plant, Elazığ,Turkey
No full textThe aim of this study is to evaluate the effects of the effluent of Elazig Municipality Wastewater Treatment Plant on the oxidative defense capacity of aquatic plants (Lemna minor L. and Lemna gibba L.). For this purpose, malondialdehyde (MDA), glutathione (GSH), oxidized glutathione (GSSG), vitamin A (retinol), vitamin E (α-tocopherol), and vitamin C (Ascorbic acid) levels were determined by the HPLC (high performance liquid chromatography) in the control groups and the groups adapting to reactors fed with discharge water. The depletion of vitamins (A, E, and C), decrease of GSH/GSSG ratio, and increase of MDA that reflect a precarious state of the cell in L. minor L. and L. gibba L. were observed after exposure to wastewater. It can be suggested that the selected biomarkers are useful in understanding the biochemical mechanisms of the secondary effluents from wastewater treatment plant in L. minor L. and L. gibba L. as early warning indicators
Palaeoseismic history of the eastern part of the North Anatolian Fault (Erzincan, Turkey): Implications for the seismicity of the Yedisu seismic gap
No full textThe North Anatolian Fault showed a remarkable seismic activity especially between 1939 and 1999,
when the westward migrating earthquake sequence created
surface ruptures more than 1000 km, leaving unbroken
only the Marmara segments, to the west, and the Yedisu
Segment, to the east along the main strand of the fault. To
understand the palaeoseismicity of the Yedisu Seismic
Gap, we undertook trench investigations close to the village of Balaban Sarıkaya, on the western part of the Yedisu
Segment. We found evidence for at least five surface
faulting earthquakes, from which only two are correlated
with the 18 July 1784 CE and 27 June 1583 CE historical
events. Although the surface rupture of the 1784 CE was
reported by other trench studies, the evidence of 1583 CE
event is presented for the first time. In consideration with
other historical earthquakes, affecting the region east of
Erzincan, we suggest that this particular section of the
North Anatolian Fault may be in a seismically quiescent
period, following a cluster of earthquakes in its near history. In order to test this hypothesis, further studies are
needed to increase our knowledge on the temporal and
spatial seismic behaviour of the Yedisu Segment, which
has potential to create an earthquake with Mw ~7.2 in the
near futur
Synthesis and structural analysis of 2-cyanophenyl phenacyl ether
No full textMolecular and crystal structure of 2-cyanophenyl phenacyl ether, C15H11O2N, have been determined by single crystal X-ray diffraction study. The title compound is monoclinic, with a = 4.4334(4) Å, b = 10.7677(11) Å, c = 12.7779(11) Å, β = 99.806(8)°, Z = 2, sp. gr. P21. The crystal structure is stabilized by C–H···O inter-molecular interactions. In order to clarify the electron delocalization on the whole molecule and determine the active sites of the title compound, DFT calculations and NBO analysis were performed
Konutlarda Yapay Aydınlatma Enerjisinin Etkin Yönetimi
No full textBu çalışmada elektrik enerjisinin verimli ve tasarruflu bir şekilde kullanılmasıyla konutlarda
aydınlatmanın gerçekleştirilmesi konusu üzerine araştırma yapılmıştır. Çalışmada enerjinin etkin
kullanımı kavramına açıklık getirilerek konut aydınlatılmasında kullanılan elektrik enerjisinin genel
tüketilen elektrik enerjisindeki payına dikkat çekilmiş ve buradan yola çıkarak aydınlatma enerjisinin
etkin yönetimine yönelik çalışmaların gerekliliği vurgulanmıştır. Aydınlatma elamanları kısaca tanıtılarak
enerji verimliliği ve tasarrufu açısından değerlendirilmiştir. Aydınlatma enerjisinde görsel konfor
koşullarının yeri ve önemi noktasında gerekli açıklamalar yapılmıştır. Son olarak enerjinin etkin
kullanılmasıyla yapılacak konut aydınlatmasında üzerinde durulması gereken önemli noktalar
belirtilmiştir
The effect of porosity and cu rate on microstructure and mechanical properties of co alternative powder metallurgy compound
No full textCu-Ni-MX1480 powder compound were prepared at six different alloy ratios and cold pressed with a pressure of 300 MPa. Then 12 samples were obtained by hot pressing at 700 оC with 20 MPa pressure and at 800 oC with 30 MPa pressure for 4 minutes in a vacuum atmosphere hot pressing machine. Porosity ratios of samples were calculated by the different between theoretical density and measured density of samples. Effect of porosity on microstructure and mechanical properties were investigated by performing SEM, XRD, hardness measurements and TRS tests. It was observed that as a result of increased hot pressing parameters and increased Cu ratio, porosity ratio was decreased and better mechanical properties achieved
Phenotypic Differentiation Analysis: A Case Study In Hybridizing Çoruh Trout (Salmo coruhensis), Rize Trout (Salmo rizeensis) And Brown Trout (Salmo trutta fario)
No full textThe aim of this study was to determine and compare the phenotypic variation in Çoruh trout (Salmo coruhensis), Rize trout (Salmo rizeensis), brown trout (Salmo trutta fario) and their native hybrids (S. rizeensis × S. t. fario; S. t. fario × S. coruhensis; S. rizeensis × S. coruhensis). The numbers and diameters of red and black spots were determined on operculum, fins and above and below the lateral line. The results from this study indicate that there were differences in spotting pattern, colour pattern or fin pigmentation traits between S. rizeensis, S. t. fario, S. coruhensis and their hybrids. Consequently, native S. rizeensis, S. t. fario and S. coruhensis were affected by interaction and phenotypic plastic aspects of traits in S. rizeensis were dominant in their hybrids (S. rizeensis × S. t. fario; S. rizeensis × S. coruhensis)
Seasonal Prevalence of Escherichia coli O157:H7, Listeria spp. and Salmonella spp. in Fermented Sausages, Sosis and Salami in Eastern Turkey
No full textThe goal of our study was to characterize the proportions and seasonal prevalence of Escherichia coli (E. coli) O157:H7, Listeria spp. and Salmonella spp. in fermented sausages, sosis and salami. A total of 192 samples consisting of sausage (n=96), sosis (n=48) and salami (n=48) purchased from different butcher shops and markets in the Elazig Province of eastern Turkey for one year duration were processed and tested by culture and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for the presence of E. coli O157:H7, Listeria spp. and Salmonella spp. L. innocua was found to be the most predominant Listeria spp. in fermented sausages and sosis whereas, L. monocytogenes (1.04%) and Salmonella spp. (1.04%) were detected at much lower prevalence in fermented sausage. No L. monocytogenes and Salmonella spp. were determined in salami samples. In addition, no Salmonella spp. was detected in sosis samples. L. welshimeri (12.5%) was observed most frequently on salami samples. No E. coli O157:H7 was isolated in any samples of fermented sausage, sosis and salami. Seasonal prevalence of Listeria spp. in fermented sausages, sosis and salami was highest in July, with no L. monocytogenes and Salmonella spp. being isolated during autumn, winter and spring months of the year. Although the proportion of L. monocytogenes in fermented sausages and sosis is much lower in the current study, the presence of L. monocytogenes in these samples in the Elazig Province of eastern Turkey could still present a major public health threat
Regulation of signaling pathways by tanshinones in different cancers
No full textPast several years have witnessed dramatic leaps in our understanding of rewiring of gene expression at the translation level during cancer developmentthat provides linchpin support to the transformed phenotype. Most recent and ground-breaking developments in the field of molecular oncology aredriven by an explosion in technological advancements and have started to reveal previously unimagined regulatory mechanisms and how they intricately co-ordinate to modulate cancer progression, loss of apoptosis and development of resistance against different therapeutics. However, the insights gained from work in this natural product research have far-reaching impact because of rapidly increasing repertoire of medicinally and biologically efficient phytochemicals. How Tanshinones mediate targeting of JAK-STAT, ER stress associated signaling cascade,PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway,autophagy, TRAIL pathway and microRNAs are being discovered and will prove to be helpful in getting a step closer to personalized medicine
An epidemiological examination of suicides that have occurred in Tunceli during 2005-2015
No full textBu çalışmanın amacı Tunceli' de 2005-2015 yılları
arasında meydana gelmiş olan tamamlanmış intihar ve
intihar girişiminde bulunan olguları bazı özellikler açısından incelemektir. Yöntem: Bu çalışmada 2005-2015 yılları arasında Tunceli' de intihar eden veya intihara teşebbüs eden toplam 435 vakaya ait dosya incelendi.
Bulgular: İntihar vakaları en fazla 24 yaş altındaki
bireylerde saptandı. İntihar nedenleri değerlendirildiğinde; bilinmeyen nedenleri (%51.5) ailevi
sorunlar (%21.1) ve psikiyatrik hastalıklar (%18.2) takip etmiştir. İntihar yöntemleri arasında ilaç intoksikasyonu, kesici/delici alet kullanımı ve ası yöntemleri ilk üç sırayı oluşturmaktaydı. Vakaların %91.3'ü intihar giriþimi,
%8.7'si tamamlanmýþ intiharlardan oluþmaktaydý.
Erkeklerde tamamlanmýþ intihar oranýnýn (%17.1), kadýnlarda ise intihar giriþiminin (%95.6) anlamlý olarak daha
fazla görüldüðü bulundu (p<0.05). Ayrýca intihar
vakalarýnýn en fazla ilkbahar ve yaz mevsimlerinde ve
daha çok kentsel alanda görüldüğü bulundu. Sonuç:
Tunceli'de gerçekleşen intihar olaylarının yarısına yakın kısmının nedenleri bilinmemektedir. Genç olmak, erkekcinsiyet, işsizlik, kentsel alanda yapıyor olmak, ruh sağlığı bozulmuş olmak ve aile içi sorunlar yaşıyor olmak intihar için en önemli risk faktörü olarak saptandı. Tunceli'de intihar olaylarını kapsamlı olarak değerlendiren çalışmaların yapılması ve risk faktörlerine yönelik koruyucu önlemlerin alınması uygun olacaktır.The study aims to investigate the phenomena in suicides and attempted suicides that have occurred in Tunceli during 2005-2015, with respect to certain characteristics. Method: The files for 435 suicides and attempted suicide incidents in total, which have been recorded in Tunceli during 2005-2015, have been examined in this paper. Results: The suicide incidents have been determined most frequently among individuals under 24 years of age. ln the evaluation of the causes for suicide, unknown reasons (51.5%) have been followed by family problems (21.1%) and psychiatric disorders (18.2%). Drug intoxications, use of stabbing instruments and hanging methods have taken the top three ranks among the suicide methods. 91.3% of the incidents consisted of suicide attempts and 8.7% completed suicides. While the ratio of completed suicides has been determined to be meaningfully higher in males (7.1%), the ratio of attempted suicides has been determined to be higher in females (95.6%) (p<0.05). Furthermore, it has been determined that the suicide incidents were observed more frequently during the spring and summer seasons and more in urban zone. Conclusion: Our findings indicate that the causes of almost half of the suicide incidents in Tunceli are not known.The most important risk factors for suicide have been identified as young age, male gender, unemployment, urban life, impaired mental health and in-family problems. Further comprehensive studies are recommended as aimed to assess the suicide incidents in Tunceli and take protective measures for the risk factors