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Spermatologic characteristics and sperm motility alterations caused by short-term copper exposure in brook trout Salvelinus fontinalis
No full textSpermatozoa movement in many aquatic animals with external fertilization is directly related to the external aqueous environment. In particular, environmental toxic metals can cause harmful effects and impair sperm cell functions. The high concentrations of copper (Cu) may be harmful for aquatic animals, while low levels are required for metabolic interactions. Herein, we investigated the effect of different copper concentration [0 mg L−1 (Control), .5 mg L−1, 1 mg L–1, and 2 mg L−1] on spermatozoa of brook trout Salvelinus fontinalis. Motility and survival of sperm cells were assessed. Our results indicated that Cu exposure caused to an evident decrease in motility and longevity of spermatozoa with increasing concentrations (p < .05). Overall, we showed that Cu exposure can impair sperm motility of S. fontinalis. Our study suggested that sperm motility has the potential to be a sensitive bioindicator of freshwater environmental pollution
The determination of present and possible environmental risks in solid waste dumping site, Tunceli, Turkey.
No full textLeachate was a major cause of high risk classification. This landfill was set as one with highest possible risk classification
due to high vulnerability of private water wells to contamination from leachate flows. The aim of this study is to determine
the present and possible environmental risks of the leachate spreading from solid waste dumping site in Tunceli and offer
solutions for those determined environmental risks. For this purpose, the characteristics of the leachate were monitored at
two station points detected in the solid waste dumping site for 7 months. The characteristics of the leachate were found for
pH between 7.9 and 8.7. Oxidation reduction potential (ORP) occurred between − 143 and − 48 mV while conductivity was
between 2.8 and 2.6 mS. Total solid matter (TSM) and suspended solid matter (SSM) were between 1000 and 7000 mg/l,
0.2–22.5 mg/l, respectively, while total volatile solids (TVS) occurred between 300 and 1800 mg/l for the two stations.
Alkalinity was approximately between 290 and 5210 mg/l, while biological oxygen demand (
BOD5) and chemical oxygen
demand (COD) results were 15–606 mg/l and 60–1160 mg/l, respectively, for two stations in all sampling time. In both
stations, orthophosphate, ammonium nitrogen, nitrate, sulfate, and chloride analyses stayed between 3.04 and 921.1 mg/l;
0.29–619.36 mg/l; 8.94–135.04 mg/l; 125.9–1360.9 mg/l and 99.9–1249.9 mg/l, respectively, in 6 months. As a result of the
characterization studies obtained from the leachate, it was found that the amounts of water entering into the waste mass and
the retention period of the water in the mass were very effective in the temporal character change of the leachate. According
to the Discharge Standards for Solid Waste Assessment and Disposal Facilities and Discharge to Waste Water Infrastructure
Facilities of waste management regulation, the results were found to be risky. Consequently, the site in question needs to be
urgently rehabilitated when considering the environmental risks of the leachate spreading from the site
The using of Gammarus pulex as a biomonitor in ecological risk assessment of secondary effluent from municipal wastewater treatment plant in Tunceli, Turkey
No full textThe objectives of this research are the assessment of secondary effluents (SEs) quality by evaluating chemical parameters and biomarkers. For this purpose, MDA and GSH levels were determined by spectrofotometer. SOD, CAT, and GPX activities were determined by using ELISA kit in the groups of control and the groups exposed to SE. The level of MDA and the activities of SOD in Gammarus pulex vary depending on the exposure time. GSH levels and GSH-PX activities increased in G. pulex exposed to the effluent compared to the control during 24 h and 96 h. CAT activities were in SE group were found lower than the control in G. pulex during 24 h and 96 h. Current experimental results show that SOD, CAT, GPX activities, and GSH and MDA levels in G. pulex are sensitive and appropriate responses for assess the effects of anthropogenic contaminants on the aquatic ecosystems, particularly effluent complex mixtures
Anesthetic potential of geranium (Pelargonium graveolens) oil for two cichlid species, Sciaenochromis fryeri and Labidochromis caeruleus
No full textThe anesthetic potential of geranium oil (Pelargonium graveolens L.) was evaluated in two freshwater aquarium fish species, the electric blue hap (Sciaenochromis fryeri, 2.00 ± 0.61 g) and blue streak hap (Labidochromis caeruleus, 2.31 ± 0.52 g). Fish were exposed to nine concentrations of anesthetic (25, 50, 75, 100, 125, 150, 200, 250, 300 μl L−1). The induction time generally decreased significantly with increasing concentration of geranium oil for both of the fish species. The recovery time increased with the enhancing geranium oil concentration. Deep anesthesia took between 61.19 ± 7.25 s and 165.43 ± 6.78 s for S. fryeri and between 73.32 ± 8.92 s and 171.12 ± 10.74 s for L. caeruleus. Recovery occurred after 96 ± 6.87 s (L. caeruleus), with the longest being 291.45 ± 8.31 s (S. fryeri). The minimal effective concentration was 75 μl L−1 for deep anesthesia for both two species, and 50 μl L−1 was found as the minimal sedative concentration at the stage of loss of equilibrium. These findings suggested that geranium oil is a new potential anesthetic for two ornamental fish species
Antioxidant biomarkers in gammarus pulex to evaluate the efficiency of electrocoagulation process in landfill leachate treatment
No full textThe discharge of landfill leachate into the environment without effective treatment poses a serious threat for the aquatic ecosystems. This present study was undertaken to evaluate whether electrocoagulation process is efficient for treatment landfill leachate (LL) or not by using antioxidant biomarkers in Gammarus pulex. Glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and catalase (CAT) activities and malondialdehyde (MDA) and glutathione (GSH) levels in G. pulex exposed to untreated, treated, and diluted rates 1/10 and 1/20 in both LL during 24 and 96 h were tested. Physiochemical characteristics of leachate (chemical oxygen demand, electrical conductivity, pH, phosphate, turbidity, NH3, Cl-, and color) were determined pre and post treatment. All physiochemical characteristics of LL decreased after treatment process. GSH-Px and CAT activities and GSH and MDA levels were increased in untreated groups when compared to control (p < 0.05). After treatment by electrocoagulation, MDA and GSH levels and CAT activities were returned to control values. In conclusion, the abilities of LL to stimulate oxidative stress in G. pulex have been proven. The results revealed that antioxidant parameters are useful biomarkers for determining the treatment efficiency of the electrocoagulation process
Anesthetic efficacy of cymbopogon citratus essential oil as a herbal agent in two ornamental fish species
No full textThe efficacy of Cymbopogon citratus essential oil (CcEO) as a herbal anesthetic agent was evaluated for two ornamental fish species, Sciaenochromis fryeri and Labidochromis caeruleus. Fish were exposed to various essential oil concentrations and the lowest effective concentrations were determined according to deep anesthesia (AD<3 min) and full recovery (RF<10 min) times. CcEO showed anesthetic traits and induced AD in S. fryeri and L. caeruleus. The lowest effective concentrations was 200 μl/L for S. fryeri (AD; RF → 122 ± 1.8 s; 638 ± 8.9 s) and 200 μl/L for L. caeruleus (AD ; RF → 139 ± 6.9 s ; 625 ± 11.1 s). At concentration of 25 μl/L C. citratus essential oil did not induce AD in both of ornamental fish species. No significant differences were found between fish species in terms of induction and recovery times for same concentrations excluding AD time of 200 μl/L concentration. Although the fastest AD were obtained by 300 μl/L, recovery times were prolonged and fish did not full recover in 20 min. Induction and recovery times for CcEO were significantly dependent on concentrations and negative relationships were recorded between AD and RF. Neither mortality nor adverse effects were observed on two fish species. As a result, CcEO showed anesthetic properties for S. fryeri and L. caeruleus
Determination of Cell Membrane Signal by using NMR Spectroscopy
No full textThe cell membrane forms the boundaries of the cell and regulates the passage of matter between the inside and the outside of the cell. Cell membranes play a major role in the process of taking the necessary nutrients from the outside and exerting the harmful metabolites resulting from the metabolism. In this study, 400 MHz 1H-NMR spectrum of a membrane sample in an aqueous solution was taken using single pulse and presaturation method and it has been tried to determine the location of the membrane signal by comparing these two spectrums
ENGELLİ KARDEŞİ OLAN ERGENLERİN UTANGAÇLIK DÜZEYLERİNİN İNCELENMESİ
No full textÇalışmada, engelli kardeşi olan ergenlerin utangaçlık düzeylerinin belirlenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Bu doğrultuda çalışma, Aydın ili Nazilli ilçesinde engelli kardeşi olan 80 kişi (ergen) ile kardeş sayısı, yaş, cinsiyet, anne ve baba birliktelik durumu, eğitim durumu ve engel durumu değişkenleri çerçevesinde 20 maddelik Utangaçlık Ölçeği (Cronbach's Alpha: .975) aracıyla değerlendirilmiştir. Verilerin Kolmogorov-Smirnov Z test değerleri p anlamlık değerleri 0,05’ten büyük (p>0,05) olduğu için verilerin analizinde parametrik test yöntemlerinden t-testi ile ANOVA testi uygulanmıştır. ANOVA testinde belirlenen farklılıkların hangi gruplar arasında olduğunu belirlemek için post-hoc Tukey testi yapılmıştır. Çalışmanın sonucunda, engelli kardeşi olan ergenlerin utangaçlık düzeylerinin yaş, eğitim durumu ve engel durumu değişkenlerinde anlamlı bir farklılık gösterdiği belirlenmiştir.
Anahtar kelimeler: Utangaçlık, engel, ergen.
In the study, it was aimed to determine the shyness levels of adolescents with disabilities. This study was carried out with a 20-item Shyness Scale (Cronbach's Alpha: .975) on the basis of the number of siblings with 80 children with disabilities in the province of Nazilli, Aydın, and the number of siblings, age, gender, motherhood and parental status, educational status and disability. Since the Kolmogorov-Smirnov Z test values of the data were greater than the significance values of p 0.05 (p> 0,05), t-test and ANOVA test were applied to the parametric test methods. The post-hoc Tukey test was conducted to determine which groups differed in the ANOVA test. As a result of the study, it was determined that the shyness levels of adolescents with disabilities were significantly different in terms of age, educational status and disability status.
Key words: shyness, obstacle, adolescence
Matematik öğretmeni adaylarının bağlam temelli olan ve olmayan problemlere ilişkin başarı düzeylerinin bazı değişkenler açısından karşılaştırılması
No full textBu çalışmanın amacı matematik öğretmeni adaylarının bağlam temelli olan ve olmayan problemlere ilişkin başarı düzeylerini cinsiyet ve sınıf düzeyi değişkenleri açısından karşılaştırarak farklılığı ortaya koymaktır. Ayrıca bu çalışmada matematik öğretmeni adaylarının ilgili problemler hakkındaki görüşleri incelenmiştir. Araştırma nicel ve nitel yöntemlerin bir arada kullanıldığı açıklayıcı karma desende tasarlanmıştır. Nicel boyutta tarama yöntemi, nitel boyutta ise fenomenolojik çalışma deseni kullanılmıştır. Araştırmanın nicel boyutunda, 125 matematik öğretmeni adayına bağlam temelli olan ve olmayan problemlerden oluşan iki ayrı test uygulanmıştır. Nitel boyutta ise aynı örneklem grubuna yapılandırılmış görüşme formu uygulanmıştır. Nicel verilerin analizinde frekans, yüzde, Cohen’s d, Cohens’s f, t-testi ve tek yönlü varyans analizi, nitel verilerinin analizinde ise içerik analizi kullanılmıştır. Çalışmanın nicel analizleri sonucunda, matematik öğretmeni adaylarının bağlam temelli problemlere ilişkin başarıları, bağlam temelli olmayan problemlere ait başarılarından yüksek çıkmıştır. Bu test puanları arasındaki farklılık anlamlı çıkarken bağlam temelli olan ve olmayan testlere ait puanlar cinsiyet değişkenine göre anlamlı bir farklılık göstermemiştir. Sınıf düzeyi değişkenine göre ise bağlam temelli olan ve olmayan testlere ait puanlar arasında anlamlı farklılık bulunmuştur. Nitel verilerin analizi neticesinde ise matematik öğretmeni adaylarının bağlam temelli problemleri kolay ve anlaşılır buldukları, günlük yaşam ile ilişki kurmada faydalı gördükleri ve bağlam temelli olan ve olmayan problemleri ayırt etmede bazı eksiklikler/sorunlar yaşadıkları belirlenmiştir
Transmission line fault location using traveling wave frequencies and extreme learning machine
No full textIn this research, a new approach was proposed for determining the fault location in transmission lines. Traveling wave frequencies and an extreme learning machine (ELM) were used to determine fault location. Transient signals in the time domain were transformed to the frequency domain using the fast Fourier transform (FFT) and the traveling wave frequencies were detected from the transient frequency spectrum. In order to detect the location of fault, traveling wave frequency was used initially to predict the fault location. The prediction of this fault location was tested for many different fault conditions and was found to be adversely affected by only the source inductance value. This is due to the negative effect of source inductance on wave velocity. Regression feature of ELM was used in order to improve the prediction of fault location and to minimize the negative effect of source inductance. For ELM regression training, values of the fault distance estimated from the traveling-wave frequencies and the source inductance values were used as ELM input data, and the actual distance values were used as ELM output data. After ELM regression training, ELM predicted a new fault location using the input data. The Alternative Transients Program (ATP/EMTP) was used to model J. Marti frequency dependent line model, and the MATLAB program was used to perform fault-detection algorithms. Simulation results show that the proposed method is very successful against many variables such as different fault resistances, source inductances, transmission line characteristics, transmission line lengths