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Can we overcome Nihilism? : Intercultural Philosophy of “Nihil”
Get PDF修士(国際文化)法政大学 (Hosei University
Determinants influencing attendance at professional soccer events : Examining an explanatory model between 2000 and 2003
Get PDFIn this study, we develop an explanatory model that specifies how (1) demographic, (2) team-related, (3) management-related, (4) market-related, (5) weather-related, (6) schedule-related, and (7) external variables influence attendance at Japan Professional Football League (J League) games in the periods before and after the 2002 FIFA World Cup held in South Korea and Japan. Using micro-level (game-based) panel data between 2000 and 2003, we found that television coverage, stadium capacity, new/renovated stadiums, games at World Cup venues, weekend games, and player payrolls had positive effects on attendance, while rain had a negative impact. Furthermore, an examination of the proposed regression model in each year indicated that the effects of new/renovated stadiums, games at World Cup venues, and stadium capacity on attendance increased after the 2002 World Cup. The proposed regression model and results reinforce the importance of the FIFA World Cup and new/renovated stadiums and add new insights on the dynamic relationship between the FIFA World Cup and attendance of a domestic professional football league
The Early Works of Natsume Soseki’s Chinese Poetry : Focusing on the Scenic Descriptive Expression : Chapter II, Section 4
Get PDFSoseki Natsume （1867-1916） left over 200 Chinese poems. The subject of this paper is 75 Chinese poems as the early works before studying in the Western （in 1900）. In particular, I will discuss the scenic descriptive expression in three parts as follows: The first chapter is “Water and Heaven”, the second chapter is “About Color Expression”, and the third chapter is “Imaginary and Real”.In the first chapter, it was clarified that a magnificent world that could be called a cosmic one, was constructed around the travel poetries. The chapterⅡ discusses the colors that characterize the world. Already in the Section 1, we have considered the complementary color relationship between “red and green” as well as color dualism, and in the Sections 2 and 3, we have considered the characteristics of “white”, which is the most frequent in his works. In the Section 4 of this paper, we will find out how Soseki is trying to express and what it means targeting “Blue”, which is the second most frequent after “white”.There are 32 cases of “blue” in Soseki’s poem. If we limit it to numbers of Chinese character idiom, 9 cases of “Blue Mountain” stand out at the most. On the other hand, the most common idiom for the “Mountain” is “Blue Mountain” as well. Therefore, in this section, we will consider “Blue Mountain”, which is the most idiom of both sides, to clarify the characteristics of “Blue”.As the introduction, I will outline the characteristics of the “Mountain” in Soseki’s poem. The frequency of using the “Mountain” is as high as 70 cases, however, it mainly includes the representation of nature and the meaning of the cloistered topos, and furthermore, it renders metaphors, allegories, and aspirations. Though “Blue Mountain” has basically the same meaning and function, the outline and existence of the mountain are presented more vividly by adding the “Blue”. The following three points can be pointed out by arranging the motif of “Blue Mountain” in Soseki poem. It is （1） the object of natural beauty, （2） the topos of cloistered appeal, and （3） the place of burial.Regarding （1）, while the “Mountain” also depicts the figure of a steep mountain, “Blue Mountain” is the object of beauty, which is the effect of “Blue” and is expressive of one of Soseki’s aesthetics.Regarding （2）, the landscape depicted as a topos of cloistered appeal, has constantly been the nature in the balmy spring, and it was a “phantom home” for Soseki, who grew up in the city area. The “Blue” means spring according to the five-element theory, and it is positioned as one of its symbols with the eternity of the circulating time. Furthermore, the “Hometown” is also the place of an ancient cemetery.Regarding （3）, I will discuss that “Blue Mountain” means a graveyard in the next issue due to space limitations
Statues and the Urban Landscape in Modern Tokyo : With Special Reference to the Photo Album of Statues, “Portrait of Great People”
Get PDF本研究では，銅像写真集『偉人の俤』のデータ分析から，東京の都市空間における銅像立地の実態を明らかにし，銅像と東京の都市景観の関係を論じることを目的とした。先行研究では，東京には銅像が乱立し，都市景観との不調和が起こっていたことが指摘されている。そこで筆者は2つの点に注目した。第一に銅像の設置された都市空間の特徴である。第二に当時の人々が認識する，銅像と都市景観の関係である。東京府全体で見ると東京市の山の手地区に銅像が集中し，立地した場所は広場・公園・社寺境内や学校など公共の場所に多かった。また銅像の施主や制作者は，はじめに設置場所を決めてそれに調和する銅像を制作するというよりは，後になって銅像の場所を探し，可能な場所に設置していた。これらの分析・考察の結果，新聞や知識人達からの東京の銅像批判はあるものの，当時の人々にとって銅像の制作は「偉人の顕彰」が第一であり，彼らにとって，周囲の景観との調和はそれほど重要視されていなかったと結論付けた。Japanese society has been greatly influenced by western culture since the end of the 19th century. Western culture can still be seen in modern Tokyo where there is an abundance of statues, museums, expositions, and other cultural and artistic activities in public spaces displaying western culture. This experience brought about a new way of looking at the landscape for the people.The purpose of this study is to clarify the actual situation of the location of statues in the urban spaces of Tokyo and to discuss the relationship between the statues and the urban landscape of Tokyo. The study analyses the data from the photo collection of statues, “Portrait of Great People.” Previous studies have noted that the proliferation of statues in Tokyo led to disharmony of its urban landscape.The study focuses on two points — first, the character of the urban space in which the statues were placed, and second, the landscape in which the statues were placed, as perceived by the people of the time.In Tokyo Prefecture as a whole, the statues are concentrated in the Yamanote district in Tokyo City, and majority of the statues are located in public places such as squares, parks, precincts of shrines and temples, and schools. In many cases, the statues are erected later and their locations are not decided at the beginning nor made in harmony with the location.The study concludes that, despite the criticism of Tokyoʼs statues by newspapers and intellectuals, the primary purpose of creating statues was to honour great men and not to harmonise with the surrounding landscape
Finance of Trends in Public Works in Japan : Focusing on the Public Investment in Heisei Era
Get PDF1960年代から，日本では積極的な財政政策が行われたことから公共事業も多く実施された。しかし，1990年代末以降，財政赤字の拡大や社会保障関係費の増大による歳出の見直しが求められた影響もあって，国と地方いずれの財政においても公共事業が占める割合は減少傾向にある。また，無駄ともいえる公共事業の存在が明らかになると，国民からも公共事業削減の声が高まった。しかしながら，日本において，公共事業の削減がもつ経済的・社会的意味は大きいのではないかと考える。地方の産業構造をみると，建設業者の存在はいまだに大きい。建設業が主流となっている地域では，地域の雇用を創出する産業としても重要な役割を担っている。公共事業削減が地域経済に与える影響は，小さくないのではないだろうか。それに加えて，近年では大規模な自然災害が毎年のように発生している。防災・減災対策としての公共投資政策が求められているが，財政面の制約から思うように進んでいない。事業の効率性が問われる中で，評価制度の再整備も含めた対応が必要である。本論文は，平成時代を中心に，公共事業と財政危機との関係を整理し，地域的な視点からの予算削減の影響を捉えている。また，大規模な災害に対する公共投資の動向をみていき，公共投資の評価の必要性を論じた上で，今後の公共投資政策のあり方を検討している
