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Exploring a range of duration that feels like there has been a change in speaking rate but is not unnatural and changes in evaluation within this range : Investigation of speech perception and inference using synthetic speech with multi-step duration
Get PDFこれまで持続時間を変化させた合成音声を用いた多くの実験研究は，実験デザインの関係上，少数の水準を用い，音声知覚や推論の検討を行っている。その一方で，人が発話速度に変化があったと感じながらも不自然ではない持続時間の範囲については，十分に検討されていない。本研究の目的は，発話速度に変化があったと感じながらも不自然ではない持続時間の範囲を知り，その持続時間の範囲の中で，音声知覚と推論の議論を行うことである。目的達成のために，「こんにちは，初めまして，よろしくお願いします。」と発話している音声の持続時間を段階的に19水準の変更を加えた音声を作成した。そして作成した音声を参加者に聞かせ，音声の速さ感・高さ感・自然性の知覚と，話者の年齢と悠長さの推論を尋ねた。その結果，10.23モーラ/sから5.28モーラ/sの間では，人が発話速度の変化があったと感じながらも，音声の自然性が保たれる音声の合成範囲となることが明らかになった。また，その持続時間の範囲の中で，悠長さの推論が有意に変化することが認められた。本研究で示された持続時間の指標を基にすれば，本研究では扱うことのできなかった音声知覚や推論に対しても，引き続き同様の検討をすることができる。Many previous studies that used synthetic speech stimuli have artificially manipulated duration to investigate speech perception and speaker inference. These studies have often run experiments with a small number of duration conditions, e.g. slow, normal, fast, because of other constraints. However, the choice of duration conditions is often arbitrary; range of duration that feels like there has been a change in speaking rate while still sounding natural has not been directly investigated. The purpose of the present study is to determine the range of duration in synthesized speech that is wide enough yet natural, and to explore speech perception and speaker inference within such a range. To achieve this goal, duration of recordings of a typical first-time greeting in Japanese was manipulated in 19 steps. Participants listened to the stimuli and evaluated the perceived speed, pitch, and naturalness of the utterance, along with inference of age and voice impression. Results revealed that a range of duration that feels like there has been a change in speaking rate but is not unnatural was 63.51% - 128.45% of the original rate (10.23 – 5.28 moras per second). Within this range of duration, inference of voice impression significantly changed. These results provide an empirical basis for selecting appropriate ranges of duration variation for investigating aspects of speech perception and speaker inference
Efforts to improve financial literacy through a stock investment contest at the Faculty of Economics, Hosei University
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Study of career education focusing on life and money : A case study of University Students.
Get PDFThe purpose of this paper is to understand the actual situation of university students\u27 attitudes toward money in order to consider the desirable methods of career education focusing on life and money.Career education that focuses on life and money is an urgent issue. Changes in industrial structure and globalization, the collapse of Japanese-style employment practices, and the increase in low-paying full-time employment have diminished the significance of career education that simply aims at formal employment. On the other hand, education on life and money has rarely been covered in conventional academic and career education. However, with the start of financial education in high school home economics in 2022 based on the new Courses of Study, students are expected to understand the basics of household budget management as a necessary skill for independent living. It is necessary to bridge the gap between education about life and money and career education.This paper is based on a life planning class and questionnaire administered to 316 first-year university students in June 2021.The results of the analysis revealed that university students do not understand how much their lives are currently costing them. Specifically, there are three points. (1) Despite their future vision of living in the Tokyo metropolitan area and having children, they could not answer the appropriate cost of owning or renting a home for this purpose. (2) They indicated that they did not intend to be extravagant, however, their desired future income and expenditure amounts were at the extravagant level. (3) They strongly wanted to do for their children what their parents had done for them, however, they had little concrete image of the necessary expenses, prices, and income and expenditure to do so.Therefore, the task of career education for university students is to provide them with a minimum level of knowledge about life and money in the midst of diversifying work styles, and to enable them to consider guidelines for life planning. It is necessary to fill the gap between the ideal and reality of their future life with concrete knowledge
Special Issue : Thinking of Structural Racism in the United States : History and the Realities（2） : Mexican Americans and Exclusion of Mexican Immigrants : “Anti-Immigrant Liberalism” in the Post-WWII U.S.
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Special Issue : The 34th Symposium on International Labour Issues : Sustainable Recovery from the COVID-19 Crisis and Skills Development : Reskilling / Upskilling : Discussion
Get PDF<Book Reviews> NISHIZAKI Midori, How Did Social Work Perceive Minorities? : Institutional Racism and the History of American Social Work
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